Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K Harris ◽  
David L DeMets
Keyword(s):  
Normal Individual ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Intra- and interindividual components of variation in ionized calcium among normal individuals have been estimated. The basic data were means of duplicate analyses of total serum calcium, total serum protein, and serum albumin from 68 normal subjects, 10-12 weekly samples per person. The McLean-Hastings equation was used to estimate [Ca2+]. Use of observed albumin/globulin ratios, instead of an assumed constant, had negligible effect on mean [Ca2+] or components of variation. The interindividual component of variation in [Ca2+] was found to be the same as that in total calcium: 3%. Average intraindividual variation (0.045-0.05 mmol/liter), appeared to be entirely attributable to analytical deviations in total protein and total calcium determinations. Thus, in the average normal individual, no physiologic variation in [Ca2+] could be detected. Results agreed with recent data on [Ca2+] measured by calcium ion-selective electrodes.

Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K Harris ◽  
Paul Kanofsky ◽  
George Shakarji ◽  
Ernest Cotlove
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Concurrent Analysis ◽  
Made In ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Standard statistical analysis of variance has been used on data from weekly determinations of 15 blood constituents in each of 68 normal subjects, our purpose being to isolate and estimate biological components of observed variation. These components include intra-individual, or "personal" variation, and inter-individual, or "group" variation. The most critical problem, that of separating personal variation from long-term analytic deviations in each individual's data record, was resolved with the aid of concurrent analysis of a constant "pooled" serum. Comparison of isolated personal variation with inter-individual variation indicates that many common blood tests—e.g., magnesium, calcium, total protein, uric acid, serum enzymes, and cholesterol—could contribute to an individually distinctive blood "profile" if substantial improvements were made in analytic precision. Presently, only cholesterol (among older women) and uric acid (in males) appear to possess strong capabilities for distinguishing among normal individuals.

Free Calcium in Serum. II. Rigor of Homeostatic Control, Correlations with Total Serum Calcium, and Review of Data on Patients with Disturbed Calcium Metabolism

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H Ladenson ◽  
George N Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Normal Individuals

Abstract Two hundred and fifteen measurements of free (ionic) and total calcium were performed on sera from 184 patients in whom some disturbance in calcium metabolism was suspected. The correlation coefficient between free and total calcium was 0.94, but a scattergram indicated that free calcium concentration cannot be predicted from knowledge of total calcium concentration. In "normal" individuals the correlation coefficient was only 0.45. Homeostasis of free and total calcium was examined by making periodic measurements in seven normal individuals over a period of eight months; the variability around the individual’s mean value was 1.2% for free calcium and 1.9% for total calcium. Free calcium, as properly measured by the ion-specific electrode, is a better measure of calcium status than is total calcium in the disease states studied, which were mostly hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, and renal failure.

scholarly journals HYPOCALCEMIA AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
L. P. Kotelnikova ◽  
G. Yu. Mokina ◽  
N. G. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Median Baseline ◽  
Total Serum Calcium

The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency and timing of hypocalcemia after surgical treatment for primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods. 21 patients were operated for hyperparathyroidism, 15 - for primary (group 1), 6 - for secondary and tertiary (group 2). In I group the median baseline level of total serum calcium was 3.06 mmol/l, phosphorus0.9 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone360 pmol/l. In II group all patients were on program dialysis for end-stage chronic kidney failure for at least five years. The median baseline serum total calcium level was 2.29 mmol/l, phosphorus2.64 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone-1822 pmol/l. Results. A day after removal of the parathyroid adenoma (1 group) the level of calcium and phosphorus was normalized, the content of parathyroid hormone (median 21.4 pmol/l) significantly decreased. In one case (6.7%) on the fifth day there were clinical signs of hypocalcemia and the level of calcium decreased to 1.86 mmol/l. All patients of the second group underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy. After a day the level of parathyroid hormone significantly decreased (median227 pmol/l). The phosphorus content has returned to normal. The calcium level in all cases exceeded 2 mmol/l. On day 4-5 the total calcium content decreased and ranged from 1.14 mmol/l to 2.04 mmol/l. Four patients (66,7%) showed clinical signs of hypocalcemia. It was found that the development of hypocalcemia has a positive correlation of average value with the level of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus and negative with the content of calcium before surgery. Conclusion. The decrease in the level of total calcium with the development of clinical symptoms occurs on 4-5 days after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in 6.7% and for secondary or tertiary - in 66.7%. Risk factors for hypocalcemia are the baseline low level of calcium and high of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus.

Interference by hemolysis with various methods for total calcium and its correction by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Chan ◽  
C Arriaga ◽  
M Landt ◽  
C H Smith ◽  
R H Ng
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Total Serum Calcium

Abstract We evaluated the influence of hemolysis on total serum calcium as determined with the Du Pont aca, SMA 12/60, Ektachem 400, Corning 940 EGTA titrator, and the Beckman Astra 8, comparing results with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. We find that hemoglobin does not influence calcium measurements with the SMA 12/60, Ektachem 400, or Beckman Astra 8. The presence of hemoglobin exceeding 2 to 3 g/L caused falsely high results with the aca and falsely low results with the Corning 940 titrator. Similar interferences may be observed with other titrating or colorimetric procedures that involve direct reaction of the sample with o-cresolphthalein complexone or calcein. Upon removal of the hemoglobin by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, the values obtained with the aca and the Corning 940 EGTA titrator were similar to those measured by atomic absorption. With nonhemolyzed serum samples the acid treatment had little or no effect on the aca procedure but resulted in a positive bias of approximately 10% with the EGTA procedure. Thus we recommend this trichloroacetic acid procedure for measuring calcium in hemolyzed samples with the aca and, with certain reservations, with the EGTA titrator.

Quantification of nonenzymically glycated albumin and total serum protein by affinity chromatography.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Yatscoff ◽  
G J Tevaarwerk ◽  
J C MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure

Abstract We have evaluated an affinity-chromatographic procedure for determination of glycated albumin (GA) and glycated total serum protein (GSP). Recovery of these analytes was inversely related to free glucose concentration, thus necessitating removal of free glucose. For this we used molecular-exclusion chromatography on G-25 Sephadex, or dialysis, the latter procedure resulting in significantly (p less than 0.05) lower concentrations of GSP and GA. Total protein concentration and percent glycation are also inversely related, and so protein concentrations must be standardized before the assay. Within- and between-run CVs for both GSP and GA were less than 6.5 and 18%, respectively, the determination of GA being generally the more precise of the two. Labile glycated fractions, lipemia, icterus, hemolysis, and type of anticoagulant did not affect the results, but assay temperature did. Diabetic subjects showed substantially higher concentrations of GA and GSP than did normal subjects. Because of the life span of these analytes in circulation, their measurement may provide a short-term index of glycemic control.

Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 2. Clinical and biochemical studies in rats and rabbits during long-term provision of acidified drinking water

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Tober-Meyer ◽  
H. J. Bieniek ◽  
I. R. Kupke
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The reaction of rats and rabbits to long-term application of acidified drinking water (pH 2·3-2·5) was observed over a 7-months period. The following parameters were studied: growth curves initiated at weaning, haematology, blood glucose, total serum protein, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase, serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum as well as the acid-base status in arterial blood; in addition in rabbits γ-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were examined in the serum. No significant changes were seen in comparison to the control groups.

Study on background factors associated with impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes mellitus

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Umeki ◽  
Nobumi Hisamoto ◽  
Yoshito Hara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Alcohol Dependency ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Abstract. In a cross-sectional health screening 636 persons with negative urine glucose, a 75-g-oral glucose tolerance test was perfomred. We report the clinical features of the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. In 96 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, the frequencies of alcohol dependency, fatty liver, and of increased levels of serum uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, total serum protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In 37 subjects with diabetes mellitus, the frequencies of fatty liver, hypertension and of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, triglycerides and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In addition, significant increases in serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, serum total cholesterol and body mass index, and a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol were also observed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that alcohol dependency, fatty liver, obesity and hyperlipidemia are important concomitants of impaired glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals To Study the Association of Total Serum Calcium Level in Assessing the Severity of Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
V. Lingesh Kumar ◽  
Saravanan Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Background: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the pancreas and may also affect other tissues or distant organ. In this study our aim is to see if blood calcium level can be used as a prognostic marker in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis because hypocalcaemia is linked to higher mortality and hospitalization. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in the medical records department of a tertiary care health facility. A total of 75 participants were included in the research. .demographic details of all patients were collected .Patients above 18 years who presented with of epigastric pain, pre-Diagnosed gallstones, alcoholism were included int this study. The lowest total calcium levels were collected in order to examine total calcium as a predictive factor for severity. All of these information were collected and analyzed to get the appropriate findings. Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the research. The age of patients in each severity grade did not differ significantly (p value>0.05). The gender distribution of the two groups did not differ. (P >0.05). For mild and severe acute pancreatitis, mean total calcium levels were 7.98 and 6.67, respectively, which was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The total serum calcium level is a useful indicator for assessing  pancreatitis.

Renal magnesium wasting and hypocalciuria in chronic cis-platinum nephropathy in man

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viroon Mavichak ◽  
Christopher M. L. Coppin ◽  
Norman L. M. Wong ◽  
John H. Dirks ◽  
Valerie Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Excretion

1. The renal handling of calcium and magnesium was studied in six patients with persistent hypomagnesaemia after cis-platinum treatment for testicular tumours. 2. In comparison with normal subjects, the patients showed hypomagnesaemia (mean 0.54 mmol/l), which was associated with a normal urinary magnesium excretion (mean 4.83 mmol/24 h). Urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal subjects (mean 2.05 vs 5.15 mmol/24 h, respectively; P < 0.01), despite slightly higher total serum calcium levels (2.53 vs 2.38 mmol/l, respectively; P < 0.05). During magnesium chloride infusion, when serum magnesium levels were comparable in patients and controls, urinary calcium excretion remained lower in the patients, indicating that hypomagnesaemia was not the cause of the hypocalciuria. 3. Dietary magnesium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the serum magnesium levels in the patients, while dietary magnesium deprivation resulted in a comparable decrease in urinary magnesium excretion in patients and controls (to 1.46 and 2.00 mmol/day, respectively), although the serum magnesium level fell further (to 0.46 mmol/l) in the patients. 4. The dissociation of renal calcium and magnesium excretion appears to be part of the intrinsic tubular defect caused by cis-platinum. This dissociation of urinary calcium and magnesium excretion, which resembles that seen in Bartter's syndrome, may result from a lesion in the distal convoluted tubule.

Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1016-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Z Williams ◽  
D S Young ◽  
Mervyn R Stein ◽  
Ernest Cotlove
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

Abstract A study of blood constituents in normal individuals was undertaken to (a) estimate the contribution of biological and analytical factors to the variation of constituents over an extended time period; (b) to explore whether such tests can be used to derive meaningful personal blood "profiles"; and (c) to determine when analytic variation may become large enough to assume medical significance. This first paper describes procedures for subject selection, the laboratory methods employed, and evaluates analytic standard deviations. A group of 68 normal subjects was selected after medical evaluation. Sera were collected and analyzed in duplicate weekly for 10 to 12 weeks. Analytic deviation was estimated from the results of concurrent daily analyses of sterile pools of human serum. Laboratory procedures were introduced to reduce analytic deviation and to allow more accurate estimation of biological components of variation within and among individuals.

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