Technological and economic perspectives of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) systems in high-tech industries: From tap water purification to wastewater reclamation for water sustainability

2022 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 106012
Author(s):  
Tsai-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Kuang-Hao Yeh ◽  
Cheng-Fang Lin ◽  
Mengshan Lee ◽  
Chia-Hung Hou
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Ремизова ◽  
А.П. Голованова ◽  
Д.А. Рудакова ◽  
А.Г. Митилинеос

Для удаления остаточных количеств фармацевтических соединений, присутствующих в питьевой воде, на всех этапах водоподготовки могут применяться разнообразные способы очистки, основанные на различных физико-химических принципах. В работе приведены результаты экспериментального исследования эффективности удаления с помощью бытовой стационарной системы водоочистки остаточных количеств фармацевтических препаратов – антибиотика левомицетина (хлорамфеникола) и стероидного гормона эстрона – из модельного раствора, приготовленного на основе водопроводной воды с добавлением лекарственных препаратов. Показано, что бытовая система водоочистки обладает способностью существенно снижать остаточные концентрации фармацевтических препаратов левомицетина и эстрона на всем протяжении заявленного производителем ресурса. В секторе бытовой водоочистки установки адсорбционного типа по-прежнему остаются наиболее востребованным типом водоочистных систем, обеспечивающих высокую эффективность удаления различных загрязнителей при минимальных капитальных затратах. To remove residual amounts of pharmaceutical compounds present in drinking water, a variety of purification methods based on various physicochemical principles can be used at all stages of water treatment. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the efficiency of removing residual concentrations of pharmaceuticals – laevomycetin antibiotic (chloramphenicol) and estrone steroid hormone – from a model solution prepared on the basis of tap water with the addition of drugs, using a home fixed water purification system. It is shown that the home water purification system provides for the significant reduction of residual concentrations of chloramphenicol and estrone throughout the service life declared by the manufacturer. In the household water purification sector, adsorption-type units are still the most in-demand type of water purification systems that provide for the high efficiency in removing various pollutants with minimal capital costs.


Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (47) ◽  
pp. 22780-22787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Kovtun ◽  
Massimo Zambianchi ◽  
Cristian Bettini ◽  
Andrea Liscio ◽  
Massimo Gazzano ◽  
...  

A novel approach to combine graphene oxide (GO) sheets with commercial polysulfone (PSU) granules for improved removal of organic contaminants from water is described.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3665-3668
Author(s):  
Sahira Ayed A. Al-Musawi

The study was conducted to investigate the cysts and eggs of intestinal parasites in drinking water in four models of drinking water for water purification projects in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/10/2018. The results of the examination of river water in four districts in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate showed the presence of five species of parasites are cysts of  Entamoeba histolytica by 39%, and the eggs of the  Ascaris worm by 12%,  worm Ancylostoma duodenale  by 4%,  Giardia lamblia cysts 40%, and the eggs of  Enterobius vermicularis by 18%. The results of the tap water examination showed that there were five types of intestinal parasites, but at a lower rate than in river water,  Entamoeba histolytica cysts by 16%, eggs of Ascaris by 7%, Ancylostoma duodenale eggs by 2%, Giardia lamblia cysts by 29%, and Enterobius vermicularis by 5% overall.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Wang ◽  
Rachel von Gnechten ◽  
David A. Sampson ◽  
Dave D. White

Global water scarcity has been a growing concern among policy makers, researchers, and the general public. Rapid urbanization with more concentrated populations and emergent patterns of climate change (e.g., soaring temperatures and 19 years of drought) added uncertainty and complexity to the risk of water shortage for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA). In this study, we used a numerical simulation tool, termed WaterSim 5.0, to assess water sustainability indicators in PMA. Four hypothetical scenarios were evaluated, viz. desert, and green landscaping, as well as urban expansion into desert or agricultural lands, bracketing plausible paths of future development in the study area. Model outputs were evaluated using four sustainability indicators and policy controls: (1) groundwater use, (2) agricultural production, (3) personal water use, and (4) the 100-year adequate water supply metric for new population growth. All four scenarios were examined using both current (19%) and complete (100%) wastewater reclamation. We found that the rate of wastewater reuse drives a reduction in groundwater dependency in urban growth; urban-agriculture conversion provides a convenient means to enhance water sustainability. In the broader context, sustainable water planning strategies need to take into account other crucial environmental and socio-economic measures such as changes in thermal stress, agricultural production, and outdoor and rural lifestyles.


2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Wilderer

Serving the world population with adequate drinking water and sanitation is an important prerequisite, not only to hygienic safety, but to prosperity and political stability as well, and will foster the adaptive capacity of the societies in the developing countries and beyond. To avoid hygienic and political disasters impacting the world economy, investment in water supply and sanitation must urgently be made. Whether the classical system of urban water supply and sanitation is appropriate to satisfy the needs of the developing world, however, and whether this system meets the general criteria of sustainability is questionable. The costs and the time needed for installation of sewers and wastewater treatment plants are tremendous. In water shortage areas, the amount of tap water required to transport pollutants to the treatment plant is hardly affordable. Recovery and re-introduction of valuable substances, including water, into the urban cycle of materials is impossible because of mixing and dilution effects inherent in the system. Decentralized water and wastewater management should be seriously taken into account as an alternative. Source separation of specific fractions of domestic and industrial wastewater, separate treatment of these fractions and recovery of water and raw materials including fertilizer and energy are the main characteristics of modern high-tech on-site treatment/reuse systems. Mass production of the key components of the system could reduce the costs of the treatment units to a reasonable level. On-site units could be installed independently of the development stage of the urban sewer system. In conjunction with building new housing complexes a stepwise improvement of the hygienic situation in urban and peri-urban areas could be achieved, therefore. Remote control of the satellite systems using modern telecommunication methods would allow reliable operation, and comfort for the users. Intensive research is required, however, to develop this system and bring it to a standard allowing efficient application worldwide.


Desalination ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Chuang ◽  
T.C. Chang ◽  
S.J. You ◽  
C.F. Ouyang

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra S. Gaikwad ◽  
Chandrajit Balomajumder

AbstractThis mini review deals with a recently developing water purification technology, i.e. capacitive deionization. It presents the current progress achieved with polymer coated electrodes in capacitive deionization for desalination. The introduction covers capacitive deionization, application of polymer or polymer composite in capacitive deionization electrode, comparative study and discussion on fabrication of electrode. This paper aims at indicating novel research prospects in capacitive deionization technology for desalination.


Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Danny Reible

Water softening is desirable to reduce scaling in water infrastructure and to meet industrial water quality needs and consumer preferences. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) can preferentially adsorb divalent ions including calcium and magnesium and thus may be an attractive water softening technology. In this work, a process model incorporating ion exclusion effects was applied to investigate water softening performance including ion selectivity, ion removal efficiency and energy consumption in a constant voltage (CV) mode MCDI. Trade-offs between the simulated Ca2+ selectivity and Ca2+ removal efficiency under varying applied voltage and varying initial concentration ratio of Na+ to Ca2+ were observed. A cut-off CV mode, which was operated to maximize Ca2+ removal efficiency per cycle, was found to lead to a specific energy consumption (SEC) of 0.061 kWh/mole removed Ca2+ for partially softening industrial water and 0.077 kWh/m3 removed Ca2+ for slightly softening tap water at a water recovery of 0.5. This is an order of magnitude less than reported values for other softening techniques. MCDI should be explored more fully as an energy efficient means of water softening.


Author(s):  
Sedolfo Carrasquero ◽  
María Fernanda Martínez ◽  
María Gabriela Castro ◽  
Altamira Díaz ◽  
Gilberto Colina

  Los coagulantes químicos inorgánicos son los más usados actualmente en el proceso de potabilización; sin embargo, a través de estudios se ha demostrado que los mismos tienen un efecto perjudicial en la salud de los seres humanos. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de las semillas de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica) como coagulante natural en el proceso de potabilización de las aguas. Se usó el ensayo de jarras para simular el proceso de coagulación, floculación y sedimentación, y determinar la efectividad del preparado con semillas, sin desgrasar y desgrasadas, y compararla con la correspondiente al coagulante químico. Se preparó agua turbia sintética (5000 mg/L) utilizando caolín en agua de grifo, se midieron los parámetros: turbidez, pH, color, alcalinidad total, sólidos totales, antes y después de la aplicación de distintas dosis del preparado con semillas (10; 25; 50; 100; 250 y 500 mg/L) en soluciones con diferentes valores de turbidez (10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 y 200 UNT). El uso de las semillas de tamarindo sin desgrasar como coagulante en aguas de 200 UNT permitió obtener valores residuales de turbidez menores a los establecidos por las normas sanitarias venezolanas de calidad del agua (5 UNT), con porcentajes promedios de remoción de 97,6%. Sin embargo, en aguas de media (50-75 UNT) y baja turbidez (15 UNT), las aguas tratadas presentaron valores superiores al límite establecido. Con respecto al color, sólidos totales, alcalinidad total y pH, los valores después del tratamiento fueron 10 UC Pt-Co, 150 mg/L, 75 mg CaCO3/L, y 6,79, respectivamente, por lo que la semilla de tamarindo puede ser utilizada con éxito como coagulante en la potabilización de aguas.   Palabras clave: Tamarindus indica, sulfato de aluminio, coagulantes naturales, potabilización.   Abstract   Currently, chemical origins coagulants are used in water purification processes; however, it has been shown through different studies that they have a detrimental effect on the health of humans. The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of seed extract of tamarind as a natural coagulant in water treatment process. A jar test was used in order to simulate the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes. A synthetic turbid water using kaolin in tap water was prepared. The parameters turbidity, pH, color, alkalinity and total solids were measured before and after the application of natural coagulant at different doses (25; 50; 100; 250 and 500 mg/L) in solutions with different initial turbidity (10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 NTU). The use of Tamarindus indica seeds without fat and oils in water of 200 TNU allowed to obtain turbidity residuals values lower than those established by the Venezuelan sanitary norms of water quality (5 NTU) with average removal percentages of 97.6%. However, in waters of medium (50-75 TNU) and low turbidity (15 NTU), the treated waters presented values above the established limit. With respect to color, total solids, total alkalinity and pH, the values after the treatment were 10 CU Pt-CO, 150 mg/L, 75 mg CaCO3/L and 6.79, respectively, so the tamarind seed can be used as a coagulant in water purification.   Key words: coagulant, water treatment, Tamarindus indica, kaolin, aluminum sulfate.


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