Review of the energy potential of the residual biomass for the distributed generation in Brazil

ABSTRACT Agricultural residual biomass is an important source of energy, and its production and quality vary according to the crop management. This study aimed to assess the effects of plant distribution and nitrogen fertilization on the energy production potential of the biomass of maize cultivated under no tillage. The field experiment was installed in southeast Brazil using five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) and two inter-row spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). Grain yield, residual biomass productivity, and bioenergy potential in different parts of the plant (grain, stalk+leaf, husk, and cob) were assessed. No change in grain yield was observed using narrow row spacing. Stalk+leaf and husk productivity was higher using 0.8 m than using 0.4 m of inter-row spacing. Nitrogen application resulted in increased grain yield and biomass productivity. Nitrogen influences the bioenergy potential by increasing the biomass and calorific value. Application of the maximum nitrogen fertilization rate is recommended for grain yield considering the use of only the husk and cob can generate 2712 kWh ha-1 of bioenergy.

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Evergreen Oak Biomass Residues for Firewood

Forest Biomass - From Trees to Energy ◽

10.5772/intechopen.95417 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Malico ◽

Ana Cristina Gonçalves ◽

Adélia M.O. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Efficient Technology ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Residential Heating ◽

Very High Spatial Resolution ◽

Evergreen Oak ◽

Useful Heat ◽

Definition Of ◽

Conversion Technologies

This chapter presents the assessment of the availability for residential heating of residual biomass from cork and holm oaks in a 12,188 ha agroforest area in Portugal. First, the above-ground biomass of evergreen oaks using very high spatial resolution satellite images was determined, followed by the definition of different scenarios for residues removal from the stands. The useful energy potential of the firewood that can be collected from the study area under the various silviculture scenarios was determined considering different energy conversion technologies: open fireplaces (still popular in Portugal) and more efficient closed burning appliances. Additionally, emissions of airborne pollutants from combusting all the available residual biomass in the study area were determined. Depending on the percentage of residues collected when the trees are pruned and on the conversion technologies used, the energy potential of evergreen oak firewood ranged from 5.0 × 106 MJ year−1 to 7.5 × 107 MJ year−1. Heavier pruning combined with the use of open fireplaces generates less useful heat and much higher emissions of pollutants per unit useful energy produced than lighter pruning combined with a more efficient technology. This case study illustrates the need to promote the transition from inefficient to more efficient and cleaner technologies.

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Energy Potential of Agri Residual Biomass in Southeast Asia with the Focus on Vietnam

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Denisa Beňová ◽

Kryštof Mareš ◽

Petr Hutla ◽

Tatiana Ivanova ◽

Jan Banout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Residual Biomass

Southeast Asia currently faces a huge increase in energy consumption and serious environmental issues. A widely underutilized and still unexplored potential of these countries lies in residual biomass. In the present research, the production quantities and energy yields of the most abundant agricultural byproducts in Vietnam, i.e., rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, were calculated. Total crop yield, residues ratio and net calorific values of the wet basis biomass served as input parameters for the calculations. Moreover, the results were found for individual regions and provinces of the country. The findings show that the production of paddy rice straw is an enormous 97 million tons per year with an energy potential of over 380 TWh, as well as another 9 million tons yearly and 35 TWh in the case of rice husks. More than half of rice biomass production is concentrated in the Mekong River Delta region. Harvesting and processing of sugarcane annually generates about 5 million tons of bagasse and over 3.5 million tons of sugarcane trash with the total energy potential of about 27 TWh, which is primarily available in the central regions of Vietnam. The detailed laboratory determination of fuel-energy properties of studied materials, such as gross and net calorific value, volatile matter, ash and moisture content and contents of chemical elements was also carried out. Based on the research results and literature analysis, the possibilities of biofuel production and energy utilization of the above-mentioned residues are discussed.

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PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

10.22250/jasu.95.14 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

YULIA VLADIMIROVNA KHONDOSHKO ◽

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Distributed Generation ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Far East ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Far East Of Russia ◽

Energy Potential ◽

The Far East

The article discusses the prospects for the development of distributed generation facilities based on renewable energy sources, assesses the energy potential of solar, wind, biomass, geothermal energy.

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Residual biomass from food processing industry in Cameroon as feedstock for second-generation biofuels

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.2.3731-3745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 3731-3745

Author(s):

Teodor Vintila ◽

Ioana Ionel ◽

Tagne Tiegam Rufis Fregue ◽

Adriana Raluca Wächter ◽

Calin Julean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Second Generation ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Cellulosic Sugars ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The yields in bioconversion of residues produced in the Cameroon food industry to liquid and gaseous biofuels were evaluated and the potential of these residues as feedstock for renewable energy production in Cameroon were assessed. Residues generated after processing avocado, cocoa, and peanut crops were converted at laboratory-scale to second-generation gaseous biofuels (biogas) and liquid biofuels (ethanol). Mechanical (milling), thermal-chemical (steam-NaOH), and microwave pretreatments were applied before hydrolysis of biomass using cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulosic sugars production potential was also assessed. The energy conversion rate was higher when anaerobic digestion technology was applied to convert the tested biomass to methane. The total Cameroon potential under anaerobic digestion technology is over 330,000 m3, which represents 28% from oil consumption or 5.39% from electricity consumption when lignocellulosic ethanol technology was applied. The national potential was assessed up to 200,000 kg, representing 17% from oil consumption in transport or 3.19% from electricity consumption. Overall, the share of energy potential of the tested residual biomass is important when compared to fossil fuel consumption in Cameroon and represents an important potential feedstock for electricity production.

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Biogas Potential Assessment of the Composite Mixture from Duckweed Biomass

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Alexander Chusov ◽

Vladimir Maslikov ◽

Vladimir Badenko ◽

Viacheslav Zhazhkov ◽

Dmitry Molodtsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Composite Mixture

The article presents the research results of anaerobic digestion processes in bioreactors of composite mixtures based on initial and residual biomass of Lemna minor duckweed and additives: inoculum (manure), food waste, and spent sorbents to determine biogas potential (biogas volume, methane content). Duckweed Lemna minor, which is widespread in freshwater reservoirs, is one of the promising aquatic vegetation species for energy use. Residual biomass is obtained by chemically extracting valuable components from the primary product. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the possibility of the energy potential of residual biomass of Lemna minor to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is in line with the International Energy Agency (IEA) scenarios for the reduction of environmental impact. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using this type of waste for biogas/biomethane production. The recommendations on the optimal composition of the mixture based on the residual biomass of Lemna minor, which will allow for an increase in biogas production, are given. The obtained data can be used in the design of bioreactors.

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Spatial Analysis of Residual Biomass and Location of Future Storage Centers in the Southwest of Europe

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12101978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1978 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fernando López-Rodríguez ◽

Justo García Sanz-Calcedo ◽

Francisco J. Moral-García

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Low Energy ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Economic Issues ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Original Procedure ◽

Great Energy

Forests can be exploited for obtaining biomass, which belongs to a bioenergy group with great energy potential that could replace fossil fuels. This article presents a novel procedure to quantify, map and define biomass, which takes into account both environmental and economic issues. With regard to the environment, only the annual growth of tree species is considered, and not the previous stocks. The growth is determined by logarithmic equations through an original procedure supported by a biomass estimator, which represents the amount of biomass generated annually for energy use, and by means of Excel tables, the exploitable biomass values are obtained. Previously, and by using GIS, areas with slopes exceeding 20% are discarded, thus avoiding soil erosion and damage, and in any case that biomass is not extracted for economic reasons. The same procedure is followed, discarding those areas located more than 4 km from forest roads and runways, as transport costs are increased. Finally, those layers with low energy potential are eliminated as well. Therefore, annually selected quantities of biomass can be obtained safely and abundantly by using detailed distribution maps of the resources, and through planning and performing efficient forestry extraction works.

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Optimal Locations of Biomass Logistics Centers for Energy Uses in the Province of Badajoz (Spain)

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.29.67 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Fernando López-Rodríguez ◽

J. García Sanz-Calcedo ◽

Francisco J. Moral García

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Forest Biomass ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Biomass Logistics ◽

Quantification Analysis

The forest biomass of the province of Badajoz (southwestern Spain) is around 274,335 tons, which is equivalent to 112,000 toe of energy. Consequently, the quantification, analysis, and mapping of the energy potential from the residual biomass, considering the most important forestry species of the studied province, were performed. Moreover, the optimum locations of biomass logistics centers were established. Results of this study are within the value chain of biomass, regarding to the production, transformation, commercialization, and use of the existing biomass to generate energy, heat, and electricity.

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