scholarly journals Biogas Potential Assessment of the Composite Mixture from Duckweed Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Alexander Chusov ◽  
Vladimir Maslikov ◽  
Vladimir Badenko ◽  
Viacheslav Zhazhkov ◽  
Dmitry Molodtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Composite Mixture

The article presents the research results of anaerobic digestion processes in bioreactors of composite mixtures based on initial and residual biomass of Lemna minor duckweed and additives: inoculum (manure), food waste, and spent sorbents to determine biogas potential (biogas volume, methane content). Duckweed Lemna minor, which is widespread in freshwater reservoirs, is one of the promising aquatic vegetation species for energy use. Residual biomass is obtained by chemically extracting valuable components from the primary product. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the possibility of the energy potential of residual biomass of Lemna minor to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is in line with the International Energy Agency (IEA) scenarios for the reduction of environmental impact. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using this type of waste for biogas/biomethane production. The recommendations on the optimal composition of the mixture based on the residual biomass of Lemna minor, which will allow for an increase in biogas production, are given. The obtained data can be used in the design of bioreactors.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Energy Generation from Olive Tree Residues, by-products and Waste in Crete, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
By Products

The objective of the current work is the investigation of the current utilization of olive tree residues, by-products and waste for energy generation in Crete and their future prospects. The quantity of olive tree biomass in Crete has been estimated and its potential for energy generation has been calculated. Possibilities for using it for heat production, power generation, biogas production, pellet manufacturing and fermentable sugar production have been investigated. Experiences in other olive oil producing countries have been recorded together with the technologies used or experimented with so far. The energy potential of olive tree biomass in Crete has been estimated at 24.05 % of the TPES supply in the island. The only highly utilized olive tree by-product for heat generation by combustion in Crete is the olive kernel wood. Olive tree pruning have the highest energy content but they are underutilized in Crete. Their successful utilization in other countries for pellet manufacturing and power generation indicates that their exploitation should be promoted in Crete. The results of this study indicate that olive tree cultivation in Crete, apart from producing a high nutritional edible product, generates residues, by-products and waste which if properly utilized could contribute in the reduction of fossil fuels used and the carbon footprint due to energy use in the island.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Residual Biomass and Location of Future Storage Centers in the Southwest of Europe

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando López-Rodríguez ◽  
Justo García Sanz-Calcedo ◽  
Francisco J. Moral-García
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Original Procedure ◽  
Great Energy

Forests can be exploited for obtaining biomass, which belongs to a bioenergy group with great energy potential that could replace fossil fuels. This article presents a novel procedure to quantify, map and define biomass, which takes into account both environmental and economic issues. With regard to the environment, only the annual growth of tree species is considered, and not the previous stocks. The growth is determined by logarithmic equations through an original procedure supported by a biomass estimator, which represents the amount of biomass generated annually for energy use, and by means of Excel tables, the exploitable biomass values are obtained. Previously, and by using GIS, areas with slopes exceeding 20% are discarded, thus avoiding soil erosion and damage, and in any case that biomass is not extracted for economic reasons. The same procedure is followed, discarding those areas located more than 4 km from forest roads and runways, as transport costs are increased. Finally, those layers with low energy potential are eliminated as well. Therefore, annually selected quantities of biomass can be obtained safely and abundantly by using detailed distribution maps of the resources, and through planning and performing efficient forestry extraction works.

scholarly journals Verification of the Green Microalgae Biomass Use for Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Głowacka ◽  
Ján Gaduš
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
The World

Abstract The article reviews the energy potential of microalgae as an alternative raw material for anaerobic digestion. Currently, energy security is one of the main topics among researchers. The amount of generated fossil fuels is limited, it is a question of time when fossil fuels will not continue to be accessible at low cost. There is a need to find an alternative carrier of energy which will replace the fossil fuels in the World. Green microalgae can be proposed as a possible bio raw-material, which can be used as an input material in order to produce energy. Lots of alternative technologies of algae cultivation are currently being developed all over the world. There is a necessity to search for a sensible way to produce algal biomass for bioenergy purposes, while maintaining all requirements involved in environmental and economic issues. The research results presented in the science article show that microalgae biomass is the proper alternative material for biogas production with the method of anaerobic fermentation. We believe that these research results can contribute to the future development of all forms of renewable energy in the Slovak Republic.

Research on Modelling Inductive Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-291
Author(s):  
Michela Longo ◽  
Morris Brenna ◽  
Federica Foiadelli
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Inductive Power Transfer ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Inductive Power

The environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels is a hot issue around the world in recent years. The gases lead to poor air quality, in particular in large cities, and the global warming that can cause ecological calamity such as tropical cyclones, heatwaves, drought, and extreme tides. International Energy Agency clearly states that the current energy trend is not sustainable environmentally, economically, and socially. Therefore, it must devise solutions to achieve the future economic growth without adverse environmental effects. The increasing diffusion of electric vehicles is driving academic and institutional research towards exploring different possible ways of charging vehicles in a fast, reliable, and safe way. For this reason, wireless power transfer systems have recently been receiving a lot of attention in the academic literature. This chapter reviews the main analytic and computational tools that are typically used to perform analyses in the context of inductive power transfer systems (IPTSs).

Research Design, Scoping Tools, and Preview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Oil Shocks ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This chapter outlines the design of the current study. It discusses my underlying logic for scoping energy system change with theory-building in the form of (1) a framework on intervention that operationalizes insights from the previous chapter and (2) conceptual models of structural readiness. A brief review then follows of related, global developments to provide broader context for the cases. The chapter concludes with a preview of the transitions that will be discussed in depth in subsequent chapters. This book draws on my research of four national energy system transitions covering the period since 1970. I selected a timeframe that reflected a common context of international events which preceded as well as followed the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979. Such framing allowed me to trace policy and technology learning over multiple decades for different cases. I completed field work for this project primarily between 2010 and 2012, with updates continuing through to the time this book went to press. I selected cases from more than 100 countries in the International Energy Agency (IEA) databases. The ones that I chose represented countries which demonstrated an increase of 100% or more in domestic production of a specific, low carbon energy and the displacement of at least 15 percentage points in the energy mix by this same, low carbon energy relative to traditional fuels for the country and sector of relevance. I utilized adoption and displacement metrics to consider both absolute and relative changes. Final cases reflect a diversity of energy types and, to some extent, differences in the socio-economic and geographic attributes of the countries. The technologies represent some of the more economically-competitive substitutes for fossil fuels. It’s important to emphasize that the number of cases was neither exhaustive nor fully representative. Instead, the cases reflect an illustrative group of newer, low carbon energy technologies for in depth evaluation. Each of the cases shares certain, basic similarities. These include a national energy system comprised of actors, inputs, and outputs with systemic architecture connecting the constituent parts in a complex network of energy-centered flows over time—including extraction, production, sale, delivery, regulation, and consumption.

scholarly journals The functioning and politics of the solar PV technological innovation system in New Zealand: A mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Boyles
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Agency

<p>As human society nears the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the cultivation of fossil fuels for energy shows little sign of large scale abatement. The need for large scale, worldwide transitions to more renewable energy is increasingly being emphasised by organisations such as the International Energy Agency. Some countries are leading the way and innovating in energy sources that are much more efficient, create industry, and bring many system benefits- like solar photovoltaic systems (PV).  Despite having insolation similar to, or greater than, many of those countries seeing vast uptake of solar PV, New Zealand is falling behind. New Zealand has policies in place that emphasise new renewable energy technology uptake and innovation; however these are not occurring with solar PV on a large scale. These contradictions underpin the examination in this thesis of the solar PV innovation system.   Using a Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework, this thesis examines the innovation system for solar PV in New Zealand. It identifies the achieved functionality in eight areas (Entrepreneurship, Knowledge Development, Networks, Guidance, Market, Legitimacy, and International Influences), and assesses the overall system’s functioning to identify system weaknesses.  To build a more complete picture of the innovation system, this thesis also examines the political environment that influences the sustainable transition to more solar PV. The key stakeholders, political influences, priorities, preferences, and political dialogue are assessed using a quantitative questionnaire. The results of this political analysis contribute to a robust conclusion on the state and functioning of the solar PV TIS in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals The functioning and politics of the solar PV technological innovation system in New Zealand: A mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Boyles
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Agency

<p>As human society nears the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the cultivation of fossil fuels for energy shows little sign of large scale abatement. The need for large scale, worldwide transitions to more renewable energy is increasingly being emphasised by organisations such as the International Energy Agency. Some countries are leading the way and innovating in energy sources that are much more efficient, create industry, and bring many system benefits- like solar photovoltaic systems (PV).  Despite having insolation similar to, or greater than, many of those countries seeing vast uptake of solar PV, New Zealand is falling behind. New Zealand has policies in place that emphasise new renewable energy technology uptake and innovation; however these are not occurring with solar PV on a large scale. These contradictions underpin the examination in this thesis of the solar PV innovation system.   Using a Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework, this thesis examines the innovation system for solar PV in New Zealand. It identifies the achieved functionality in eight areas (Entrepreneurship, Knowledge Development, Networks, Guidance, Market, Legitimacy, and International Influences), and assesses the overall system’s functioning to identify system weaknesses.  To build a more complete picture of the innovation system, this thesis also examines the political environment that influences the sustainable transition to more solar PV. The key stakeholders, political influences, priorities, preferences, and political dialogue are assessed using a quantitative questionnaire. The results of this political analysis contribute to a robust conclusion on the state and functioning of the solar PV TIS in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Household final energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam and Zambia: composition, inequality and links to well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Baltruszewicz ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Diana Ivanova ◽  
Lina Brand-Correa ◽  
Jouni Paavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Climate Action

&lt;p&gt;The link between energy use, social and environmental well-being is at the root of critical synergies between clean and affordable energy (SDG7) and other SDGs. Household-level quantitative energy analyses enable better understanding regarding interconnections between the level and composition of energy use, and SDG achievement. This study examines the household-level energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam, and Zambia. We calculate the footprints using multi-regional input-output (MRIO) with energy extensions based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data. We propose an original perspective on the links between household final energy use and well-being, measured through access to safe water, health, education, sustenance, and modern fuels. In all three countries, households with high well-being show much lower housing energy use, due to a transition from inefficient&lt;br&gt;biomass-based traditional fuels to efficient modern fuels, such as gas and electricity. We find that households achieving wellbeing have 60-80% lower energy footprint of residential fuel use compared to average across the countries. We observe that collective provisioning systems in form of access to health centres, public transport, markets, and garbage disposal and characteristics linked to having solid shelter, access to sanitation, and minimum floor area are more important for the attainment of wellbeing than changes in income or total energy consumption. This is an important finding,&amp;#160; contradicting the narrative that basic wellbeing outcomes require increased income and individual consumption of energy. Substantial synergies exist between the achievement of well-being at a low level of energy use and other SDGs linked to poverty reduction (encompassed in SDG1), health (SDG3), sanitation (SDG6), gender equality (SDG5), climate action and reduced deforestation (SDG 13 and SDG15) and inequalities (SDG10).&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Global gas market oversupply will persist in 2016

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Outlook ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
The Impact

Subject Gas market outlook. Significance The price of spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) fell at end-February to the lowest level since July 2009. Long-term forecasts for global gas demand have been downgraded by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and by oil and gas companies, such as BP and ExxonMobil. US demand is rising, while production growth appears to have flattened. However, the impact on prices will be limited in 2016. Impacts Gas companies' revenues will be pressured, with pipeline suppliers in Europe discounting prices to compete with LNG imports. With uncertain prospects for gas in power generation, companies will focus on new opportunities in transport. Gas industry groups will seek carbon regulations that support gas rather than penalise fossil fuels to the advantage of renewables.

Energy self-reliance, net-energy production and GHG emissions in Danish organic cash crop farms

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Halberg ◽  
R. Dalgaard ◽  
J.E. Olesen ◽  
T. Dalgaard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Crop Fields

AbstractOrganic farming (OF) principles include the idea of reducing dependence of fossil fuels, but little has been achieved on this objective so far in Danish OF. Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from an average 39 ha cash crop farm were calculated and alternative crop rotations for bio-energy production were modeled. Growing rapeseed on 10% of the land could produce bio-diesel to replace 50–60% of the tractor diesel used on the farm. Increasing grass-clover area to 20% of the land and using half of this yield for biogas production could change the cash crop farm to a net energy producer, and reduce GHG emissions while reducing the overall output of products only marginally. Increasing grass-clover area would improve the nutrient management on the farm and eliminate dependence on conventional pig slurry if the biogas residues were returned to cash crop fields.

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