California mastitis test scores as indicators of subclinical intra-mammary infections at the end of lactation in dairy cows

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P<0.01) in wet than in dry season. On average, 18.7% quarters had mastitis during the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season. In the dry and wet seasons, respectively, 63.9% and 11.2% had completely dry floors, and the prevalence of mastitis was 22.6% and 30.0%. On the other hand, 88.8% and 36.1% of 83 farms had partly or completely wet and soiled floor and the prevalence of mastitis was 40.0% and 59.5% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Udder cleanliness, milk yield and peri-parturient diseases significantly (P<0.01) increased the risk of mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis is regarded as quite high. Dry and clean floor to keep cow's udder and teat clean would help control mastitis in the dairy farms of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4951 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 54-60

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PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11216 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

MA Islam ◽

MZ Islam ◽

MA Islam ◽

MS Rahman ◽

MT Islam

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Local Area ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Local Breed ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Late Stages

This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating Dairy Cow of Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm (BAUDF) and rural areas of Tangail sadar upazila of Bangladesh during the period of July 2009 to April 2010. A total of 200 milk samples (40 from BAUDF and 160 from Tangail sadar upazila) were collected for this study which were subjected to physical examination and subsequently screened for subclinical mastitis using three indirect tests viz. White Side Test (WST), California Mastitis Test (CMT), and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating dairy cows found in this study was 29%. Cows were infected with SCM 29.5%, 27.5% and 25.5% detection by CMT, WST and SFMT respectively. Higher prevalence of SCM was detected in milch crossbred cows (36.36%) in comparison to local bred cows (24.61%) maintained under extensive management system in Rural area of Tangail sadar upazila. The prevalence of SCM was recorded in 31.58%, 30.76% and 68.75% in cows of local area of Tangail sadar upazila, and 25.0%, 40.0% and 71.42% in cows of BAU,DF during the early, mid and late stages of lactation respectively. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded during the early lactation stage in both the local breed cows (30.0%) and cows of BAUDF (45.83%) in comparison to their respective mid and late stages of lactation. The prevalence of SCM was highest in lactating cows having third lactation and high yielding (cows produced >10 liter milk per day) both in local breed and crossbred cows.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11216 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 73-78

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The effect of pre-enrichment on recovery ofStreptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureusand mycoplasma from bovine milk

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800030879 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 465-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. C. Thurmond ◽

J. W. Tyler ◽

D. M. Luiz ◽

C. A. Holmberg ◽

J. P. Picanso

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

The Other ◽

Bovine Blood ◽

Sample Storage ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Direct Inoculation ◽

Culture Procedure

SUMMARYThe study was conducted to determine whether pre-enrichment would increase sensitivity of detectingStreptococcus (Str.) aqalactiae, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and mycoplasma in bovine milk. Two procedures were followed, one involving direct inoculation of milk on bovine blood agar, and the other involving preenrichment in broth followed by inoculation on agar. Logistic regression was used to predict the probability of isolation as a function of culture procedure and two additional covariates. the California Mastitis Test (CMT) score of the milk and the type of sample (indicating sample storage temperature and herd mastitis status). A total of 13778 milk samples was cultured for each of the three bacteria. By using results of both direct inoculation and pre-enrichment, the probability of isolation compared to use of direct inoculation only and adjusted for effects of other variables was increased 3·6-fold forStr. agalactiae, 1·6-fold forS. aureusand 1·7- fold for mycoplasma. The probability of isolation for all three bacteria increased as the CMT score increased. ForStr. agalactiae, there was a statistical interaction predicting that enrichment improved the odds of isolation more from milk with high CMT scores than from milk with low scores. Results indicate that preenrichment can substantially increase the sensitivity of bacteriological screening of dairy cows for mastitis caused byStr. agalactiae,S. aureus, and mycoplasma.

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Variation in Modified California Mastitis Test Scores in Dairy Cattle

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(66)88059-1 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 1226-1229 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R.C.W. Daniel ◽

D.A. Barnum ◽

J.C. Rennie

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Test Scores ◽

California Mastitis Test

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The Impact of Mastitis on Reproductive Parameters of Dairy Cows

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2019-0030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

F. Zigo ◽

A. Adamová ◽

M. Vasiľ ◽

J. Elečko ◽

S. Ondrašovičová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Service Period ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of mastitis and its impact on the reproductive parameters in a herd of 180 dairy cows. Based on the herd records 127 cows of Slovak spotted cattle and their crosses with red Holstein were selected for study between 1—2 months after calving. The examination of the health status of the mammary glands consisted of: the clinical examination of the udder, the California mastitis test (CMT) supplemented by the collection of mixed milk samples, and the laboratory examination of bacterial pathogens causing the mastitis. In addition to the mammary investigation, reproduction indicators such as the length of the insemination interval, the service period, the intercalving period and the insemination index were also analyzed. The results of this study indicated: a high incidence of mastitis (41.6 %), especially latent (21.2 %), subclinical (15.7 %) and clinical (4.7 %) forms were most common in the herd. The most frequently isolated bacteria from the infected milk samples were: coagulase negative staphylococci (54.1 %), S. aureus (16.9 %), Streptococcus spp. (15.0 %), A. viridans (7.5 %) and Ent. faecalis (6.4 %). According to the available literature, the optimum values of the intercalving period were 365—400 days, the insemination interval 55—80 days, the insemination index 1.2—2 and the service period 60—110 days. In comparison, our results showed increased, unsatisfactory reproductive values in the group of dairy cows with clinical mastitis. While in healthy cows as well as in groups of cows with latent and subclinical mastitis, all of the reproductive indicators were within the optimal levels.

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Tryptophan, Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid Concentrations in Milk and Serum of Dairy Cows with Prototheca Mastitis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3608

Author(s):

Mariola Bochniarz ◽

Tomasz Piech ◽

Tomasz Kocki ◽

Mateusz Iskra ◽

Henryk Krukowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Kynurenic Acid ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

The Difference

The aim of this work was to investigate serum and milk levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA), as well as the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cows with mastitis due to Prototheca algae. The study was prompted by previous research showing a link between the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism and bovine mastitis of bacterial etiology. The study was carried out over a 2-year period (2018–2019) and included quarter milk and serum samples collected from six dairy herds in Poland. The samples were obtained from healthy cows and cows with Prototheca mastitis of either clinical and subclinical manifestation, as determined upon direct measurement of the somatic cell count or indirectly by performing a California Mastitis Test on suspected quarters. Both TRP and KYN concentrations were significantly lower in milk of mastitic cows compared to healthy animals (0.8 vs. 8.72 µM, p = 0.001; 0.07 vs. 0.32 µM, p = 0.001, respectively). The difference in TRP and KYN concentrations in the sera of the two animal groups was much less pronounced (25.55 vs. 27.57 µM, 3.03 vs. 3.56 nM, respectively). The concentration of KYNA was almost at the same level in milk (1.73 vs. 1.70 nM) and in serum (80.47 vs. 75.48 nM) of both mastitic and healthy cows. The data showed that the level of TRP and its metabolites in serum was conspicuously higher compared to milk in all cows under the study. The activity of IDO was significantly higher in milk of cows with Prototheca mastitis compared to healthy animals (71.4 vs. 40.86, p < 0.05), while in serum it was pretty much the same (135.94 vs. 124.98, p > 0.05). The IDO activity differed significantly between serum and milk both for mastitic (135.94 vs. 71.4, p < 0.05) and healthy cows (124.98 vs. 40.86, p < 0.001). In conclusion, low values of TRP and KYN concentrations or elevated IDO activity in milk samples might be used as markers of mastitis due to infectious causes, including Prototheca spp.

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Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Swiss organic and conventional production systems

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990600210x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 86-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Markus Roesch ◽

Marcus G Doherr ◽

Walter Schären ◽

Melchior Schällibaum ◽

Jürg W Blum

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Production Systems ◽

Post Partum ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Conventional Production

The objective was to compare the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SM) and of udder pathogens in 60 Swiss organic (OP) and 60 conventional production systems (CP). Cows (n=970) were studied for SM prevalence and udder pathogens at median 31 d and 102 d post partum. Cows showing a [ges ]1+ positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) in at least one quarter were considered to have SM. Cow-level prevalences of SM for visits at 31 d and 102 d post partum (39% and 40% in OP and 34% and 35% in CP) were similar, but quarter-level prevalences of SM were higher (P<0·02) in OP than CP (15% and 18% in OP and 12% and 15% in CP). Median somatic cell counts in milk at 31 d post partum were higher (P<0·05) in OP than CP cows (43000 and 28000 cells/ml, respectively), but were similar at 102 d post partum in OP and CP cows (45000 and 38000 cells/ml, respectively). In milk samples from quarters showing a CMT reaction [ges ]2+ the prevalences of coagulase negative staphylococci were lower (P<0·05) at 102 d post partum, whereas prevalences of non-agalactiae streptococci were higher (P<0·05) in OP than in CP cows at 31 d and 102 d post partum. In conclusion, under Swiss conditions, subclinical mastitis is a greater problem in organic than in conventional production systems, but differences are not marked.

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Investigation On The Etiology Of Subclinical Mastitis In Jersey And Hybrid Jersey Dairy Cows

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.1515/acve-2015-0030 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 358-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gürler Hande ◽

Findik Arzu ◽

Gültiken Nilgün ◽

Ay Serhan Serhat ◽

Çiftçi Alper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Molecular Identification Methods ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Jersey Cows

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy Jersey cows with the use of bacteriological and molecular identification methods. In the study 121 Jersey and 78 hybrid Jersey cows with SCM were observed in the Samsun district of Turkey. A total of 411 California mastitis test (CMT) positive milk samples from these animals were examined bacteriologically. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 54.75% and 67.2% in Jerseys and hybrids, respectively. On bacteriological examination, a total of 92 strains were isolated from 411 milk samples. The most prevalent bacteria wereStaphylococcusspp. (69.56%). Among them 24 isolates wereStaphylococcus aureus(26.08%) the other isolates wereStreptococcus dysgalactiae(23.91%),Enterococcus spp.(3.26%) andStreptococcus agalactiae(3.26%). All strains were identified with bacteriological culture methods, as well as by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Gram-negative bacteria were not isolated. In conclusion, the etiology of SCM in full blood and hybrid Jersey dairy cows in Samsun and the prevalence of bacteria were determined. The relatively high prevalence of SCM indicates the potential need for the consideration of some factors contributing to the formation of mastitis (e.g. management) as well as bacterial agents. The present study and further studies may be useful to develop mastitis vaccines by means of providing true vaccine strain sources.

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