scholarly journals Occurrence and possible role of endophytic fungi associated with seed pods of Colophospermum mopane (Fabaceae) in Botswana

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jordaan ◽  
J.E. Taylor ◽  
R. Rossenkhan
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane

scholarly journals Biological characterization of fungal endophytes isolated from agarwood tree Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Kim Chi ◽  
Le Huu Cuong ◽  
Tran Thi Nhu Hang ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Luyen ◽  
Tran Thi Hong Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna ◽  
Fruity Odor

In recent years, a considerable number of studies on the role of microbes in agarwood production have been carried out in plants of the species Aquilaria. Based on the fact that there is a relationship between the microorganisms residing inside the plant and the agarwood formation, we isolated and characterized endophytic fungi associated with A. crassna samples collected from Southern Vietnam. Morphological identification and DNA barcoding analysis of the fungal endophytic isolates indicated that they were classified at least into three groups of diverse genera: Geotrichum, Fusarium and Colletotrichum belonging to families Dipodascaceae, Nectriaceae and Glomerellaceae, respectively.  Noteworthy, Geotrichum candium strain SHTr1 isolated from a dark colored woody sample of agarwood was able to produce a fruity odor and exhibited a slight antimicrobial activity against the test bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Another fungal isolate, Fusarium verticillioides SHTr3’s, showed a moderate antimicrobial activity against a test Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtillis and S. aureus with MIC values at 50 μg.mL-1. At 200 μg.mL-1, the ethyl acetate extracts of fungal isolates F. verticillioides SHTr3 and Colletotrichum truncatum SHTrHc7 were found to have comparable scavenging abilities on DPPH-free radicals with 53.87 and 71.82%, respectively. The present results contribute to a depiction of a diverse fungal endophytic community in Vietnamese agarwood plant A. crassna and provide important information for further understanding of the role of endophytic fungi in agarwood formation and therapeutic applications of host plants in general.

Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Spruce Needles

Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

scholarly journals Role of Endophytic Fungi on Arsenic Uptake and Tolerance in Schizachyrium Scoparium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie DeVore ◽  
Eliane ElHayek ◽  
Taylor Busch ◽  
Benson Long ◽  
Paul Owen-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Arsenic Uptake

Endophytic Fungi as a reservoir of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes- A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Pundir ◽  
Pranay Jain
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Apparent Adverse Effect

The potential use of microorganisms as biotechnological sources of industrially important enzymes has stimulated interest in exploration of extracellular enzymatic activity in several microorganisms. Endophytic fungi are those fungi which colonize plants internally without apparent adverse effect. Endophytic fungi are relatively unexplored producers of metabolites useful to pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. As a result, the role of endophytes in production of various natural products with greater bioactivity has received increased attention. Endophytic fungi have been found to degrade lignocellulose consisting of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose with the aid of lignocellulases enzynes. This review highlights the potential of endophytic fungi for production of lignocellulases and also discusses the present status and future prospectives in this field.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Alam ◽  
Jùnwén Lǐ ◽  
Qún Gě ◽  
Mueen Alam Khan ◽  
Jǔwǔ Gōng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Host Tissues

Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces of host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic fungi has revealed their biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with host plants and other microbiomes in the symbiotic continuum. In this review, we highlight the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors in these multidimensional interactions, and the biosynthesis of SMs in symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms in the symbiotic continuum and via the mimicry or alteration of phytochemical production in host plants. Alternative biological applications of SMs in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry and their major classes are also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction to the research background, progress, and prospects of endophytic biology, and discusses problems and substantive challenges that need further study.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN THE ROOT, LEAF, STOLON AND PETIOLE OF ASIATIC PENNYWORT (Centella asiatica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Dwi Ningsih Susilowati ◽  
Amelia Rakhmaniar ◽  
Nani Radiastuti ◽  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Parts

<p>Endophytic fungi live in healthy tissues of many plants, including in medicinal plant such as Asiatic pennywort (<em>Centella asiatica</em>)<em>.</em> These fungi exist in different parts of the plant as symbionts. The study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from various parts of Asiatic pennywort of Malaysia accession and characterize their nature.  Three individual plants of Asiatic pennywort (3 months-old) were obtained from the Sringanis Medicinal Garden in Bogor. The endophytes were isolated on Malt Extract Agar. The community structures of the endophytes were analyzed based on their diversity, colonization, dominance index, and relative frequency of occurrence of the isolated endophytic fungi. A total of 78 isolates have been obtained from three individual plants and clustered into 22 morphotypes consisted of 18 morphotypes of Ascomycota and 4 morphotypes of Basidiomycota divisions. The stolons harbored more endophytes (22.9 %) followed by leaf (16.7 %), root (11.8 %), and petiole (7.6 %). The diversity index was classified as medium category with the highest result (1.91) was found in the root, followed by leaf (1.79), stolon (1.75), and petiole (1.29). The most dominant endophytes were identified as <em>Ceratobasidium </em>sp<em>.</em>, <em>Colletotrichum </em>sp, and <em>Fusarium </em>sp. <em>Ceratobasidium</em> sp. has the highest dominance index (0.02). UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the endophytic fungi into distinct clusters based on the plant parts origin. This study implied that stolon was the the most suitable part of Asiatic pennywort for isolating endophytic fungi. Further study is required to examine the role of the endophytic fungi to produce secondary metabolites in Asiatic pennywort.</p>

Isolation, Characterization and Targeted Metabolic Evaluation of Endophytic Fungi Harbored in 14 Seed-Derived Hypericum Species

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 997-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Henzelyová ◽  
Michaela Antalová ◽  
Katarína Nigutová ◽  
Mariia Logoida ◽  
Andrea Schreiberová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Emodin Anthrone ◽  
First Time

AbstractMedicinal plants of the genus Hypericum are rich sources of bioactive naphthodianthrones, which are unique in the plant kingdom, but quite common in fungal endophytes. Cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 14 different Hypericum spp. originating from seeds grown under in vitro conditions and further acclimated to outdoor conditions. Among 37 fungal isolates yielded from the aerial and underground plant organs, 25 were identified at the species level by the fungal barcode marker internal transcribed spacer rDNA and protein-coding gene region of tef1α. Ten of them were isolated from Hypericum spp. for the first time. The axenic cultures of the isolated endophytes were screened for the production of extracellular enzymes, as well as bioactive naphthodianthrones and their putative precursors by Bornträgerʼs test and HPLC-HRMS. Traces of naphthodianthrones and their intermediates, emodin, emodin anthrone, skyrin, or pseudohypericin, were detected in the fungal mycelia of Acremonium sclerotigenum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina isolated from Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum maculatum, respectively. Traces of emodin, hypericin, and pseudohypericin were released in the broth by Scedosporium apiospermum, P. cucumerina, and Fusarium oxysporum during submerged fermentation. These endophytes were isolated from several hypericin-producing Hypericum spp. Taken together, our results reveal the biosynthetic potential of cultivable endophytic fungi harbored in Hypericum plants as well as evidence of the existence of remarkable plant-endophyte relationships in selected non-native ecological niches. A possible role of the extracellular enzymes in plant secondary metabolism is discussed.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungi associated with roots of epiphytic orchids in two Andean forests in Southern Ecuador and their role in germination

Lankesteriana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmin M. Salazar ◽  
Marisol Pomavilla ◽  
Anne T. Pollard ◽  
Eduardo J. Chica ◽  
Denisse F. Peña
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Orchid Conservation ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Orchids are known to establish complex relationships with endophytic fungi throughout their life cycle, and particularly during germination of their reserves-deprived seeds. Characterizing generalist or specialist interactions between orchids and associated fungi is key to supporting orchid conservation efforts. Here, endophytic fungi associated with roots of epiphytic orchids were studied in two montane Andean forests in Southern Ecuador. Orchid root samples were collected from ten ~500 m2 plots distributed between two neighboring forests. Endophytic fungi associated with these roots were then isolated, cultured, and identified by sequencing of rDNA markers. In total, 52 pure isolates were recovered from the roots of 10 orchid species. These isolates were classified into nine taxonomic groups except for one isolate that remained unclassified. Most fungal isolates were found in roots of up to two different orchid species; however, Coprinellus radians was found in the roots of all sampled orchids. The potential of C. radians to promote germination of orchid seeds was tested in a separate assay using seeds from two orchid species different than those found in the experimental forest plots. Of the two C. radians isolates tested, one improved germination in the two orchids evaluated to a level about half of that observed in seeds germinated in nutrient-rich medium (Phytamax) and above the null germination observed in plates without the fungus. Together, these results revealed a generalist relationship between C. radians and all the studied epiphytic orchids and the potential role of this fungus as a promoter of orchid seed germination. Key Words: Agaricales, Epidendrum, symbiotic germination

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