scholarly journals Evidence of temperature-dependent effects on the estrogenic response of fish: Implications with regard to climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 397 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne V. Brian ◽  
Catherine A. Harris ◽  
Tamsin J. Runnalls ◽  
Andrea Fantinati ◽  
Giulio Pojana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Dependent

scholarly journals The importance of species interactions in eco-evolutionary community dynamics under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Åkesson ◽  
Alva Curtsdotter ◽  
Anna Eklöf ◽  
Bo Ebenman ◽  
Jon Norberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework which features more detailed species interactions, integrating evolution and dispersal. We include species interactions within and between trophic levels, and additionally, we incorporate the feature that species’ interspecific competition might change due to increasing temperatures and affect the impact of climate change on ecological communities. Our modeling framework captures previously reported ecological responses to climate change, and also reveals two key results. First, interactions between trophic levels as well as temperature-dependent competition within a trophic level mitigate the negative impact of climate change on biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding biotic interactions in shaping climate change impact. Second, our trait-based perspective reveals a strong positive relationship between the within-community variation in preferred temperatures and the capacity to respond to climate change. Temperature-dependent competition consistently results both in higher trait variation and more responsive communities to altered climatic conditions. Our study demonstrates the importance of species interactions in an eco-evolutionary setting, further expanding our knowledge of the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes.

Selection of models to describe the temperature-dependent development of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its application to predict the species voltinism under future climate conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hevellyn Talissa dos Santos ◽  
Cesar Augusto Marchioro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The small tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée, 1854) is a multivoltine pest of tomato and other cultivated solanaceous plants. The knowledge on how N. elegantalis respond to temperature may help in the development of pest management strategies, and in the understanding of the effects of climate change on its voltinism. In this context, this study aimed to select models to describe the temperature-dependent development rate of N. elegantalis and apply the best models to evaluate the impacts of climate change on pest voltinism. Voltinism was estimated with the best fit non-linear model and the degree-day approach using future climate change scenarios representing intermediary and high greenhouse gas emission rates. Two out of the six models assessed showed a good fit to the observed data and accurately estimated the thermal thresholds of N. elegantalis. The degree-day and the non-linear model estimated more generations in the warmer regions and fewer generations in the colder areas, but differences of up to 41% between models were recorded mainly in the warmer regions. In general, both models predicted an increase in the voltinism of N. elegantalis in most of the study area, and this increase was more pronounced in the scenarios with high emission of greenhouse gases. The mathematical model (74.8%) and the location (9.8%) were the factors that mostly contributed to the observed variation in pest voltinism. Our findings highlight the impact of climate change on the voltinism of N. elegantalis and indicate that an increase in its population growth is expected in most regions of the study area.

scholarly journals Resolving ecological feedbacks on the ocean carbon sink in Earth system models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Armstrong McKay ◽  
Sarah E. Cornell ◽  
Katherine Richardson ◽  
Johan Rockström
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
System Models ◽  
Plankton Ecology ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Earth’s oceans are one of the largest sinks in the Earth system for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, acting as a negative feedback on climate change. Earth system models predict, though, that climate change will lead to a weakening ocean carbon uptake rate as warm water holds less dissolved CO2 and biological productivity declines. However, most Earth system models do not incorporate the impact of warming on bacterial remineralisation and rely on simplified representations of plankton ecology that do not resolve the potential impact of climate change on ecosystem structure or elemental stoichiometry. Here we use a recently-developed extension of the cGEnIE Earth system model (ecoGEnIE) featuring a trait-based scheme for plankton ecology (ECOGEM), and also incorporate cGEnIE's temperature-dependent remineralisation (TDR) scheme. This enables evaluation of the impact of both ecological dynamics and temperature-dependent remineralisation on the soft-tissue biological pump in response to climate change. We find that including TDR strengthens the biological pump relative to default runs due to increased nutrient recycling, while ECOGEM weakens the biological pump by enabling a shift to smaller plankton classes. However, interactions with concurrent ocean acidification cause opposite sign responses for the carbon sink in both cases: TDR leads to a smaller sink relative to default runs whereas ECOGEM leads to a larger sink. Combining TDR and ECOGEM results in a net strengthening of the biological pump and a small net reduction in carbon sink relative to default. These results clearly illustrate the substantial degree to which ecological dynamics and biodiversity modulate the strength of climate-biosphere feedbacks, and demonstrate that Earth system models need to incorporate more ecological complexity in order to resolve carbon sink weakening.

scholarly journals Unexpected resilience of species with temperature-dependent sex determination at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Silber ◽  
Jonathan H. Geisler ◽  
Minjin Bolortsetseg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Genotypic Sex Determination

It has been suggested that climate change at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary, initiated by a bolide impact or volcanic eruptions, caused species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), including dinosaurs, to go extinct because of a skewed sex ratio towards all males. To test this hypothesis, the sex-determining mechanisms (SDMs) of Cretaceous tetrapods of the Hell Creek Formation (Montana, USA) were inferred using parsimony optimizations of SDMs on a tree, including Hell Creek species and their extant relatives. Although the SDMs of non-avian dinosaurs could not be inferred, we were able to determine the SDMs of 62 species; 46 had genotypic sex determination (GSD) and 16 had TSD. The TSD hypothesis for extinctions performed poorly, predicting between 32 and 34 per cent of survivals and extinctions. Most surprisingly, of the 16 species with TSD, 14 of them survived into the Early Palaeocene. In contrast, 61 per cent of species with GSD went extinct. Possible explanations include minimal climate change at the K–Pg, or if climate change did occur, TSD species that survived had egg-laying behaviour that prevented the skewing of sex ratios, or had a sex ratio skewed towards female rather than male preponderance. Application of molecular clocks may allow the SDMs of non-avian dinosaurs to be inferred, which would be an important test of the pattern discovered here.

scholarly journals Thermal Tolerance of Fruit-Feeding Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Contrasting Mountaintop Environments

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Diniz e Silva ◽  
Marina Vale Beirão ◽  
Danon Clemes Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Complicated Task ◽  
Forest Islands

Ectothermic organisms, such as insects, are highly temperature dependent and are good models for studies that predict organisms’ responses to global climate change. Predicting how climate change may affect species distributions is a complicated task. However, it is possible to estimate species’ physiological constraints through maximum critical temperature, which may indicate if the species can tolerate new climates. Butterflies are useful organisms for studies of thermal tolerance. We tested if species have different thermal tolerances and if different habitats influence the thermal tolerance of the butterflies present in Brazil’s campo rupestre (open areas) and forest islands (shaded areas). A total of 394 fruit-feeding butterflies, comprising 45 species, were tested. The results separated the species into two statistically different groups: the resistant species with maximum critical temperature of 53.8 ± 7.4 °C, and the non-resistant species with maximum critical temperature of 48.2 ± 7.4 °C. The species of butterflies displayed differences in maximum critical temperature between the campo rupestre and forest islands that can be related to the two distinct habitats, but this did not correlate phylogenetically. Species from the forest islands were also divided into two groups, “resistant” and “non-resistant”, probably due to the heterogeneity of the habitat; the forest islands have a canopy, and in the understory, there are shaded and sunny areas. Species from forest islands, especially species that displayed lower thermal tolerance, may be more susceptible to global warming.

scholarly journals Climate Change Influences the Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Pollen Count and Sensitization Rate in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Kook Song ◽  
Ju wan Kang ◽  
Sung-Chul Hong ◽  
Jeong Hong Kim ◽  
Dahee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Sensitization Rate ◽  
Japanese Cedar Pollen ◽  
Cedar Pollen ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractBackgroundJapanese cedar pollen (JCP) is the major outdoor allergen for spring pollinosis and seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) caused by JCP is the most common disease in Jeju Island, South Korea and in Japan. Prior to our research, JCP counts were strongly temperature dependent and were significantly associated with the JCP sensitization rate and JC pollinosis. This event may still be ongoing due to the effects of global climate change, such as increasing temperature.Methods and FindingFor these reasons, we are studying the correlation among increasing temperatures, the JCP counts in the atmosphere and the JCP sensitization rate.ConclusionsIn this study, our data show that increasing temperatures in January and April might lead to earlier and longer JCP seasons and that earlier and longer JCP seasons lead to an increase in the JCP sensitization rate, which influences the prevalence of JC pollinosis.

Impacts of historical warming on marine fisheries production

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6430) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Free ◽  
James T. Thorson ◽  
Malin L. Pinsky ◽  
Kiva L. Oken ◽  
John Wiedenmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Potential Food

Climate change is altering habitats for marine fishes and invertebrates, but the net effect of these changes on potential food production is unknown. We used temperature-dependent population models to measure the influence of warming on the productivity of 235 populations of 124 species in 38 ecoregions. Some populations responded significantly positively (n = 9 populations) and others responded significantly negatively (n = 19 populations) to warming, with the direction and magnitude of the response explained by ecoregion, taxonomy, life history, and exploitation history. Hindcasts indicate that the maximum sustainable yield of the evaluated populations decreased by 4.1% from 1930 to 2010, with five ecoregions experiencing losses of 15 to 35%. Outcomes of fisheries management—including long-term food provisioning—will be improved by accounting for changing productivity in a warmer ocean.

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