Anaerobic digestion of orange peel in a semi-continuous pilot plant: An environmentally sound way of citrus waste management in agro-ecosystems

Sustainable waste management of biodegradable waste is one of the serious concerns in developing countries. The energy production from organic waste material by anaerobic digestion (AD) is environmentally sound, energy-efficient, and economical technology that degrades substrate, with minimum production of harmful metabolites, and reuse of its byproducts as bio-fertilizers. The use of small-scale biogas digesters in developing countries and industrial scale or integrated biogas digesters in developed countries has been operationally upgraded. These advancements in the application of AD processes are due to multiple factors, including the economic and environmental value of AD technology, and the dynamics of a range of policies and measures related to agricultural sector, waste control, and green energy production. However, compared to other waste management and energy generation methods, AD requires fewer resources and cost investment, and is therefore sustainable for waste control and energy production.

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Bibliography of reports by U.S. Geological Survey personnel on studies of underground nuclear test sites and on waste management studies at the Nevada Test Site and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site, New Mexico, January 1 to December 31, 1982

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr8423 ◽

1984 ◽

Author(s):

V.M. Glanzman

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Waste Management ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Test Site ◽

Nuclear Test ◽

Geological Survey ◽

Nevada Test Site ◽

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant ◽

Plant Site

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Enhancement of Food Waste Management and Its Environmental Consequences

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1790

Author(s):

Jan den Boer ◽

Gudrun Obersteiner ◽

Sebastian Gollnow ◽

Emilia den Boer ◽

Renata Bodnárné Sándor

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Waste Management ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Biological Pretreatment ◽

Environmental Benefit ◽

Kitchen Waste ◽

Considerable Saving ◽

Positive Effects

This paper assesses the potential environmental effects of the optimization of the kitchen waste management in Opole. The separate collection of kitchen waste is improved by distribution of separate collection kits consisting of an in-home bin and 10 L biodegradable bags. The surplus of collected kitchen waste is diverted from treatment in a mechanical-biological pretreatment (MBP) along with the residual waste to anaerobic digestion (AD) with the biowaste. This has positive effects on European and Polish goals, ambitions, and targets, such as (i) increasing the level of renewables in the primary energy supply, (ii) decreasing the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, (iii) increasing the level of preparation for reuse and recycling of municipal waste. The environmental effects of 1 ton additionally separately collected and treated kitchen waste are determined by using life cycle assessment. It was shown that in all selected impact categories (global warming potential, marine eutrophication potential, acidification potential, and ozone depletion potential) a clear environmental benefit can be achieved. These benefits are mainly caused by the avoided emissions of electricity and heat from the Polish production mix, which are substituted by energy generation from biogas combustion. Optimization of the waste management system by diversion of kitchen waste from mechanical-biological pretreatment to anaerobic digestion can lead to considerable saving of 448 kg CO2-eq/t of waste diverted. With an estimated optimization potential for the demonstration site of 40 kg/inh·year for the city of Opole, this would lead to 680,000 t CO2-eq savings per year for the whole of Poland. The sensitivity analysis showed that with a choice for cleaner energy sources the results would, albeit lower, show a significant savings potential.

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Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Performance of Orange Peel Boards: A New Recycled Material for Building Application

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7945

Author(s):

Matteo Vitale ◽

María del Mar Barbero-Barrera ◽

Santi Maria Cascone

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Orange Peels ◽

Orange Fruit ◽

Citrus Waste ◽

Absorption Thickness ◽

Loss Of Strength

More than 124 million tons of oranges are consumed in the world annually. Transformation of orange fruit generates a huge quantity of waste, largely composed of peels. Some attempts to reuse by-products derived from citrus waste have been proposed for energy production, nutrient source or pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. However, their use in the building sector had not been researched. In this study, orange peels, in five different ratios, from 100% of wet peels to 75% and from 0% of dry peels to 25%, were submitted to a thermo-compression procedure. They were evaluated according to their physical (bulk density, water absorption, thickness swelling, surface soundness and thermal conductivity) and mechanical properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity). The results showed that orange peels can be used as thermal insulation material. The addition of dried peels makes the structure of the board heterogeneous and thus increases its porosity and causes the loss of strength. Hence, the board with the sole use of wet peel, whose thermal conductivity is 0.065 W/mK while flexural strength is 0.09 MPa, is recommended.

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Batch and Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Solid Citrus Waste for the Production of Bioenergy

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9040648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Erik Samuel Rosas-Mendoza ◽

Andrea Alvarado-Vallejo ◽

Norma Alejandra Vallejo-Cantú ◽

Raúl Snell-Castro ◽

Sergio Martínez-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Citrus Industry ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Working Volume ◽

Plant Level ◽

Citrus Waste ◽

Mesophilic Conditions

The aim of this paper is to describe a study of the anaerobic digestion of industrial citrus solid waste (ISCW) in both batch and semi-continuous modes for the production of bioenergy without the elimination of D-limonene. The study was conducted at the pilot plant level in an anaerobic reactor with a working volume of 220 L under mesophilic conditions of 35 ± 2 °C. Cattle manure (CM) was used as the inoculum. Three batches were studied. The first batch had a CM/ISCW ratio of 90/10, and Batches 2 and 3 had CM/ISCW ratios of 80/20 and 70/30, respectively. In the semi-continuous mode an OLR of approximately 8 g total chemical oxygen demand (COD)/Ld (4.43 gVS/Ld) was used. The results showed that 49%, 44%, and 60% of volatile solids were removed in the batch mode, and 35% was removed in the semi-continuous mode. In the batch mode, 0.322, 0.382, and 0.316 LCH4 were obtained at STP/gVSremoved. A total of 24.4 L/d (34% methane) was measured in the semi-continuous mode. Bioenergy potentials of 3.97, 5.66, and 8.79 kWh were obtained for the respective batches, and 0.09 kWh was calculated in the semi-continuous mode. The citrus industry could produce 37 GWh per season. A ton of processed oranges has a bioenergy potential of 162 kWh, which is equivalent to 49 kWh of available electricity ($3.90).

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Life Cycle Assessment of Bioplastics and Food Waste Disposal Methods

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6894

Author(s):

Shakira R. Hobbs ◽

Tyler M. Harris ◽

William J. Barr ◽

Amy E. Landis

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Waste Management ◽

Food Waste ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Anaerobic Digester ◽

Management Scenarios ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Cumulative Energy Demand

The environmental impacts of five waste management scenarios for polylactic acid (PLA)-based bioplastics and food waste were quantified using life cycle assessment. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated the potential for a pretreatment process to accelerate the degradation of bioplastics and were modeled in two of the five scenarios assessed. The five scenarios analyzed in this study were: (1a) Anaerobic digestion (1b) Anaerobic digestion with pretreatment; (2a) Compost; (2a) Compost with pretreatment; (3) Landfill. Results suggested that food waste and pretreated bioplastics disposed of with an anaerobic digester offers life cycle and environmental net total benefits (environmental advantages/offsets) in several areas: ecotoxicity (−81.38 CTUe), eutrophication (0 kg N eq), cumulative energy demand (−1.79 MJ), global warming potential (0.19 kg CO2), and human health non-carcinogenic (−2.52 CTuh). Normalized results across all impact categories show that anaerobically digesting food waste and bioplastics offer the most offsets for ecotoxicity, eutrophication, cumulative energy demand and non-carcinogenic. Implications from this study can lead to nutrient and energy recovery from an anaerobic digester that can diversify the types of fertilizers and decrease landfill waste while decreasing dependency on non-renewable technologies. Thus, using anaerobic digestion to manage bioplastics and food waste should be further explored as a viable and sustainable solution for waste management.

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To separate or not to separate: what is necessary and enough for a green and sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from Brazilian citrus waste

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2020-0706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vânia G. Zuin ◽

Luize Z. Ramin ◽

Mateus L. Segatto ◽

Aylon M. Stahl ◽

Karine Zanotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Orange Waste ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

Citrus Waste ◽

Sustainable Extraction

AbstractIncreasing demands to obtain chemicals via greener and more sustainable materials and processes introduces concepts that should be considered and applied from lab to larger scales. Obtaining bioactive chemicals from agro-industrial non-food biomass waste can combine benign techniques and bio-circular economy to reach this goal. After extraction, evaluating profitability and environmental impacts to decide whether separation – and to what extent – is necessary or not is indispensable. This could be integrated into an approach known as sufficiency, as an important criterion for sustainability. From this perspective, Brazil’s annual generation of 8 million tons of orange waste is relevant, since citrus waste has large amounts of high-value compounds, such as pectin, d-limonene and flavonoids. This case study aimed at developing and comparing green and sustainable analytical methods to obtain flavonoids from orange peel. Homogenizer, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractions were employed using chemometric tools, considering time, sample/solvent ratio, temperature and ethanol concentration as variables to obtain extracts containing hesperidin, naringenin, hesperetin and nobiletin. The bioactive flavonoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Microwave extraction was the most efficient method for obtaining the majority of flavonoids studied, six times more for hesperidin. Moreover, orange waste from different farming models showed diverse chemical profiles showing the importance of this alternative in natural product resources.

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Willingness to pay for more sustainable e-waste management: a contingent valuation study in greece

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.3280/efe2012-003003 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Charisios Achillas ◽

Christos Vlachokostas ◽

Avraam Karagiannidis ◽

Eftichios Sophocles Sartzetakis ◽

Nicolas Moussiopoulos

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Local Community ◽

Industrial Ecology ◽

Contingent Valuation Study ◽

Adequate Funding ◽

Weee Recycling ◽

Valuation Study ◽

Environmentally Sound

Management of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE also called e-waste) has become an issue of critical importance recently also in the frame of industrial ecology besides waste management per se, mostly due to their content in hazardous materials and the extensive implications of any intervention in a broad industrial spectrum. The effectiveness of any landfill diversion scheme depends on its acceptance by the local community and the industry, as well as adequate funding. This paper presents a contingent valuation approach in order to examine public environmental awareness and to assess the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the environmentally sound management of WEEE in Greece, based on a suitable, customized and easy-to-comprehend questionnaire. The survey revealed a still relative public ignorance on the subject and a reluctantly limited WTP. The latter is mostly triggered by the fact that respondents believed that associated expenses should be covered either by authorities or manufacturers (protest votes). However, based on the responses of those declaring a positive WTP, the average fee respondents are willing to pay exceeds the current recycling fee. Thus, existing recycling fees could be potentially increased in order to cover additional expenses for the development of infrastructure in areas not currently included in the national WEEE recycling program, as well as to provide the public with a dense network of disposal sites/bins in an effort to boost participation and WEEE recycling rates.

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Plastic Waste Management through the Role of Leadership Adaptation of Environmental Inspected Habits

Webology ◽

10.14704/web/v18si04/web18127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽

pp. 268-277

Author(s):

Normali na ◽

Muhammad Hatta ◽

Hafizia noor ◽

Hamd ani

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

The City ◽

Modern Retailers

The research method is qualitative with phenomenological approach. The research design using one site involving Banjarmasin City in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were content analysis, participatory observation and depth interviews. The analysis used in answering this research is a combination of various analytical methods to answer each of the objectives namely miles & Huberman analysis and Webbed Spider Model Analysis as the ultimate in formulating management of plastic waste through a leadership role. The results of this research found that the adaptation of environmentally sound habits in minimizing the production of plastics waste through local wisdom approaches and changing the people's mindset to live healtier. The purpose of writing this paper is to provide examples of new habits of healthy living by starting to reduce the use of plastic bags as the main source of waste generation that is not easily biodegradable in Banjarmasin City produced in every citi anywhere and is a major problem of environmental damage, including Banjarmasin City as a city of a thousand rivers, south Kalimantan Province. Effort to reduce the use of pastic bags began in stages, starting with modern retailers in the City of Banjarmasin. Through a leadership role based on local wisdom and a persuasive approach that is environmentally sound, it can provide solutions in current and future waste management. Result from this research is Banjramasin as the first City in Indonesia implemented regulation to reduction of plastic waste for modern retailers which are widely scattered throughout the City, sub-districts and villages. This is effective through regulation and direct approach to society. In the waste management that is carried out in the City of Banjarmasin includes waste reduction activities with ten activities and waste handling through five activities. As a substitute for these plastic bags, plastic bag producers are forced to use environmentally friendly plastic bags and / or purun baskets which are products of local wisdom of the people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, all of these activities are carried out by involving the community by applying the rules without sanctions. Until this paper was written, there has never been a leader with leadership who has implemented a similar regulation as a direct effort from the role of a leader in reducing the use of plastic bags, where the use of plastic bags is the biggest contributor as a source of producing plastic waste.

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Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding waste management options in Romania: results from a school questionnaire

Journal of Economic Development Environment and People ◽

10.26458/jedep.v3i4.93 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karin KOLBE

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Human Health ◽

School Students ◽

Management Options ◽

Waste Hierarchy ◽

Disposal Options ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Management Approaches ◽

Environmentally Sound

This study analyses knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in the area of different waste management approaches of pupils in Romania. Examining school students’ knowledge about waste management options and finding out the reasons that prevent them from participating in environmentally sound disposal options is essential for teachers and legislators. For this purpose, questionnaires were designed and distributed in two schools in Romania.The analysis revealed that knowledge is highly developed in Romania regarding the potential of recycling, while the concepts of waste management technologies are far less known about and understood. Landfill is seen as a problem for human health and the environment. However, recycling behaviour is low - partly as a result of limited possibilities. In general, the treatment hierarchy that is recommended in the "European waste hierarchy" is only partly reflected in students’ attitudes towards waste management options.

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