Aquatic mesocosms exposed to a fungicide in warm and cold temperate European climate zones: Long-term macroinvertebrate response

2019 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van der Linden ◽  
C. Shinn ◽  
M. Moreira-Santos ◽  
J. Oehlmann ◽  
R. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Zones ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Aquatic Mesocosms

scholarly journals Past megadroughts in central Europe were longer, more severe and less warm than modern droughts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ionita ◽  
M. Dima ◽  
V. Nagavciuc ◽  
P. Scholz ◽  
G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Explosive Volcanism ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
The North ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Blocking Activity ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Dalton Minimum

AbstractMegadroughts are notable manifestations of the American Southwest, but not so much of the European climate. By using long-term hydrological and meteorological observations, as well as paleoclimate reconstructions, here we show that central Europe has experienced much longer and severe droughts during the Spörer Minimum (~AD 1400–1480) and Dalton Minimum (~AD 1770–1840), than the ones observed during the 21st century. These two megadroughts appear to be linked with a cold state of the North Atlantic Ocean and enhanced winter atmospheric blocking activity over the British Isles and western part of Europe, concurrent with reduced solar forcing and explosive volcanism. Moreover, we show that the recent drought events (e.g., 2003, 2015, and 2018), are within the range of natural variability and they are not unprecedented over the last millennium.

scholarly journals Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (49) ◽  
pp. 24662-24667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailiang Yu ◽  
William K. Smith ◽  
Anna T. Trugman ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Stephen P. Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.

scholarly journals Close co-variation between soil moisture and runoff emerging from multi-catchment data across Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Ghajarnia ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
René Orth ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractSoil moisture is an important variable for land-climate and hydrological interactions. To investigate emergent large-scale, long-term interactions between soil moisture and other key hydro-climatic variables (precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, runoff, temperature), we analyze monthly values and anomalies of these variables in 1378 hydrological catchments across Europe over the period 1980–2010. The study distinguishes results for the main European climate regions, and tests how sensitive or robust they are to the use of three alternative observational and re-analysis datasets. Robustly across the European climates and datasets, monthly soil moisture anomalies correlate well with runoff anomalies, and extreme soil moisture and runoff values also largely co-occur. For precipitation, evapotranspiration, and temperature, anomaly correlation and extreme value co-occurrence with soil moisture are overall lower than for runoff. The runoff results indicate a possible new approach to assessing variability and change of large-scale soil moisture conditions by use of long-term time series of monitored catchment-integrating stream discharges.

scholarly journals Modeling Long-Term Temporal Variation of Dew Formation in Jordan and Its Link to Climate Change

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Atashi ◽  
Dariush Rahimi ◽  
Mustafa Al Kuisi ◽  
Anwar Jiries ◽  
Henri Vuollekoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dew Formation

In this study, we performed model simulations to investigate the spatial, seasonal, and annual dew yield during 40 years (1979–2018) at ten locations reflecting the variation of climate and environmental conditions in Jordan. In accordance with the climate zones in Jordan, the dew formation had distinguished characteristics features with respect to the yield, seasonal variation, and spatial variation. The highest water dew yield (an overall annual mean cumulative dew yield as high as 88 mm) was obtained for the Mountains Heights Plateau, which has a Mediterranean climate. The least dew yield (as low as 19 mm) was obtained in Badia, which has an arid climate. The dew yield had a decreasing trend in the past 40 years due to climate change impacts such as increased desertification and the potential of sand and dust storms in the region. In addition, increased anthropogenic air pollution slows down the conversion of vapor to liquid phase change, which also impacts the potential of dew formation. The dew yield showed three distinguished seasonal patterns reflecting the three climates in Jordan. The Mountains Heights Plateau (Mediterranean climate) has the highest potential for dew harvesting (especially during the summer) than Badia (semi-arid climate).

Long-term dynamics of thermal comfort in the territories of the Krasnoyarsk region climate belts

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Rofail Salykhovich Rakhmanov ◽  
Denis Alekseevich Narutdinov ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Bogomolova ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Potekhina ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Razgulin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Subarctic Climate ◽  
Continental Climate

Health risk assessment in the general population in different climate zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by the equivalent effective temperature (EET). The average monthly EET according to Missenard was calculated, their dynamics and health risk were assessed within two periods of determining climate norms for the last 10 years of each period (1961–1990 and 1991–2020). Within the period of 1991–2020 compared with the previous period in the subarctic climate in the summer months, EET had positive values (in opposition of 2 months in 1961–1990), increased in April by 7.87 °С (p = 0.0004), in June by 5.56 °С (p = 0.019) and October by 3.2 °С (p = 0.038); in continental climate zone — in April at 5.23 °С (p = 0.0001), in June at 3.88 °С (p = 0.0009) and in August at 1.32 °С (p = 0.023). Living conditions of the population have become more favorable, the nature of the health risk has changed. In the subarctic climate, the changes in uncomfortable conditions occurred according to the criteria of «frostbite threat» — «cold» (5 months against 6 months in the first period), «cool» — «moderately cool» (2 months against 3 months), «comfort, moderately warm. «In the continental climate zone, the changes were noted according to the criteria of «moderately warm» — «very cool» (7 months against 5 months). In both climate zones, positive changes have caused a decrease in health risk according to two criteria («the threat of frostbite»; «very cold»); there was a shift from the risk assessed as «cold»towards «comfort, moderately warm».

Defining Climate Zone of Borneo based on Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfaqar Sa'adi ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Shiru
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Climatic Characteristic

Abstract Although Borneo Island is one of the most vulnerable tropical regions to climate change, maps depicting the local climate conditions employing climate classification are still not well defined. The present study attempted regional climate classification to divide the Borneo region into several homogenous groups based on long-term average climate behavior. Daily gridded rainfall and temperature (Tavg, Tmax, and Tmin) data at 0.25o resolution spanning 56-years (1960−2016) was used. The classification was done using non-hierarchical k-mean and several hierarchical methods, namely, Single, Complete, McQuitty, Average, Centroid, Median, and two algorithms of Ward's method, wardD, and wardD2. The results showed that k-mean, wardD, and wardD2 were able to classify the climate of Borneo into four zones, namely 'Dry and hot' (DH), 'Wet and hot' (WH), 'Wet' (W), and 'Wet and cold' (WC) with a considerable difference at the boundaries. Spatial relevancy, stability, and variability of the clusters based on correlation and compromise programming showed that the wardD method was the most likely to yield acceptable results with optimum 4-cluster to partition the area into four principal climate zones. The constructed cluster plot, centroid plot, and probability distribution function (PDF) showed a distinct climatic characteristic between the climate zones in terms of rainfall, temperature, and seasonality. The proposed climate zonation for Borneo can help in better understanding climate regionality and climate-related development planning.

scholarly journals Theoretical Deduction of the Optimum Tilt Angles for Small-Scale Linear Fresnel Reflectors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Arsenio Barbón ◽  
Covadonga Bayón-Cueli ◽  
José A. Fernández Rubiera ◽  
Luis Bayón
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Optimum Angle ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Reflector System ◽  
Linear Fresnel Reflector

A theoretical justification and computation of the optimum values of the two longitudinal tilt angles of a small-scale linear Fresnel reflector is provided. The optimum angle of the mobile structure is proved to be half the latitude of the geographic location, while the optimum angle of the secondary reflector system is proved to be equal to that latitude. Brute-force verification is carried out for five EU cities, each in one of the five European climate zones.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical differentiation of the Balkan endemic species Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Lakusic ◽  
D. Lakusic ◽  
Violeta Slavkovska ◽  
V. Stevanovic ◽  
Branka Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Eu

Teucrium arduini L. is an endemic of the Mediteranean to sub-Mediterranean part of the Western Balkans. The ecological plasticity, i.e., inter-population differentiation, of the species Teucrium arduini was analyzed on the basis of morpho-anatomical variability of six populations from different types of vegetation, i.e., of rocky crevices, rocky ground, and a thermophilous forest in the eu-Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean, and transitional sub-Mediterranean-Central-European climate zones. Univariant statistic analysis included 22 quantitative characters related to leaf and stem anatomy and morphology. In order to establish the variability and significance of morpho-anatomical differentiation, principal component analyses (PCA), multivariant analyses of variances (MANOVA), and discriminant components analysis (DCA) were done. The analyses of plants from these spatially separated populations confirmed that the species T. arduini belongs to the category of xerophytes with malacophyllous leaves.

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