Sub-organism (acetylcholinesterase activity), population (survival) and chemical concentration responses reinforce mechanisms of antagonism associated with malathion toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 146087
Author(s):  
J. Bray ◽  
A. Miranda ◽  
A. Keely-Smith ◽  
S. Kaserzon ◽  
G. Elisei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Population Survival

Chemically Contaminated Eel Fed to Pregnant and Lactating Mouse Dams Causes Hyperactivity in Their Offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Dridi ◽  
Nidhal Soualeh ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Cage Test

Abstract.This study examined whether perinatal exposure to polluted eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) induces changes in the locomotor activity of offspring mice across lifespan (post-natal days (PNDs) 47 – 329), using the open field and the home cage activity tests. Dams were exposed during gestation and lactation, through diets enriched in eels naturally contaminated with pollutants including PCBs. Analysis of the eel muscle focused on the six non-dioxin-like (NDL) indicator PCBs (Σ6 NDL-PCBs: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four groups of dams (n = 10 per group) received either a standard diet without eels or eels (0.8 mg/kg/day) containing 85, 216, or 400 ng/kg/day of ϵ6 NDL-PCBs. The open field test showed that early-life exposure to polluted eels increased locomotion in female offspring of exposed dams but not in males, compared to controls. This hyperlocomotion appeared later in life, at PNDs 195 and 329 (up to 32 % increase, p < 0.05). In addition, overactivity was observed in the home cage test at PND 305: exposed offspring females showed a faster overall locomotion speed (3.6 – 4.2 cm/s) than controls (2.9 cm/s, p <0.05); again, males remained unaffected. Covered distances in the home cage test were only elevated significantly in offspring females exposed to highest PCB concentrations (3411 ± 590 cm vs. 1377 ± 114 cm, p < 0.001). These results suggest that early-life exposure to polluted eels containing dietary contaminants including PCBs caused late, persistent and gender-dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice. Furthermore, female hyperactivity was associated with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.

Normal phase HPLC profiling of the acetylcholinesterase activity in apolar plant extracts

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Landreau ◽  
S Bertrand ◽  
C Simoes-Pires ◽  
L Marcourt ◽  
TD Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Normal Phase Hplc

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Antioxidant Activities of Five Cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. From Isparta, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Shirin Tarbiat ◽  
Azize Simay Türütoğlu ◽  
Merve Ekingen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Free Radical Damage

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impairment of language. Alzheimer's disease is strongly associated with oxidative stress and impairment in the cholinergic pathway, which results in decreased levels of acetylcholine in certain areas of the brain. Hence, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity has been recognized as an acceptable treatment against Alzheimer's disease. Nature provides an array of bioactive compounds, which may protect against free radical damage and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study compares the in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. petals (R. damascena 'Bulgarica', R. damascena 'Faik', R. damascena 'Iranica', R. damascena 'Complex-635' and R. damascena 'Complex-637') from Isparta, Turkey. The antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts were tested for ferric ion reduction and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated. All rose cultivars showed a high potency for scavenging free radical and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among cultivars, Complex-635 showed the highest inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.92 µg/mL. Our results suggest that all these extracts may have the potential to treat Alzheimer's disease with Complex-635 showing more promise.

Neuroprotective Effects of Ellagic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Zunera Chauhdary ◽  
Uzma Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

: Neurodegeneration is a multifactorial process involved the different cytotoxic pathways that lead towards neuronal cell death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a persistent neurodegenerative disorder that normally has a steady onset yet later on it worsens. The documented evidence of AD neuropathology manifested the neuro-inflammation, increased reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and decreased antioxidant protective process; mitochondrial dysfunction as well as increased level of acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, enhanced action of proteins leads towards neural apoptosis which have a vital role in the degeneration of neurons. The inability of commercial therapeutic options to treat AD with targeting single mechanism leads the attraction towards organic drugs. Ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid, latest studies expressed that ellagic acid can initiate the numerous cell signaling transmission and decrease the progression of disorders, involved in the degeneration of neurons. The influential property of ellagic acid to protect the neurons in neurodegenerative disorders is due to its antioxidant effect, iron chelating and mitochondrial protective effect. The main goal of this review is to critically analyze the molecular mode of action of ellagic acid against neurodegeneration.

Arthrophytum scoparium Extract Improves Memory Impairment and Affects Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Med A. Smach ◽  
Jawhar Hafsa ◽  
Bassem Charfeddine ◽  
Hedi Dridi ◽  
Khalifa Limem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Mice Brain

Background: Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin (Amaranthaceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine to treat many disorders such as migraine, headache, and neurological disorders. This study investigates the effect of Arthrophytum scoparium Aqueous Extract (ASAE) on cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by galactose (10%) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: The mice were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups, including the control group (saline water 9 ‰), Galactose group, Scop group (300 mg/kg/d), and Scop+Gal group (300 mg/kg/d). Mice received the corresponding solutions by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days before the Y-maze active tests. Galactose 10% was given to all groups except control and Scop groups, 30 min before the trial. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase Activity (AChE), Ascorbic Acid (AA), Gluthatione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice brains were examined. Results: Chronic administration of galactose significantly impaired cognitive performance in Y maze, caused marked oxidative damages and a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to other groups. On the contrary, ASAE (300 mg/kg) treatment suppressed galactoseinduced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of GSH and AA. Moreover, ASAE treatment reduced brain AChE activities in the galactose-induced model. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ASAE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and validated by clinical trials.

Spirocyclohexadienones as an Uncommon Scaffold for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph C. Gomes ◽  
Renata P. Sakata ◽  
Wanda P. Almeida ◽  
Fernando Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Molecular Docking Study

Background: The most important cause of dementia affecting elderly people is the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients affected by this progressive and neurodegenerative disease have severe memory and cognitive function impairments. Some medicines used for treating this disease in the early stages are based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Population aging should contribute to increase the cases of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, thus requiring the development of new therapeutic entities for the treatment of this disease. Methods: The objective of this work is to identify new substances that have spatial structural similarity with donepezil, an efficient commercial drug used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and to evaluate the capacity of inhibition of these new substances against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Results: Based on a previous results of our group, we prepared a set of 11 spirocyclohexadienones with different substitutions patterns in three steps and overall yield of up to 59%. These compounds were evaluated in vitro against acetylcholinesterase. We found that eight of them are able to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 12.67 µM. Molecular docking study indicated that the spirocyclohexadienone, 9e (IC50 = 0.12 µM), a mixedtype AChE inhibitor, showed a good interaction at active site of the enzyme, including the cationic (CAS) and the peripheral site (PAS). Conclusion: We described the first study aimed at investigating the biological properties of spirocyclohexadienones as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Thus, we have identified an inhibitor, which provided valuable insights for further studies aimed at the discovery of more potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Ameliorative Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on Memory Impairments in Stress Triggered Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Kamboj ◽  
Ajit Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Behavioral Alteration ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Family: Fabaceae) has been known to very useful medicinal plant in the Traditional Medicinal Systems from the centuries. With ethnopharmacological values, it is well-reported plant for their traditional uses for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic, expectorant activities, and antidepressant activities. Objective: Although it is described for memory enhancing activity, the present study was focused to examine the comparative effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts viz. flavonoid rich (GGFE) and glycyrrhizin rich (GGGE) in stress triggered rats and to provide future research insight for this herbal drug, for which no scientific justification has been reported till now. Methods: Male Wister rats divided into 7 different groups (n= 6 per group) were given chronic foot-shock stress for 21 successive days with scheduled administration of the extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) and standard drug (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Elevated Plus Maze, Rectangular Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Locomotor activity were performed to test behavioral alteration and learning ability of stressed rats. Further, rats were sacrificed to assay acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity in brain samples for the mechanistic role in learning and memory. Results: Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra were indicated a significant alteration in stress induced learning and memory deficiency in behavioral parameters studied. These extracts were also modulated significant changes in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity to improve the learning and memory of stressed rats. Conclusions: It is concluded that both extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGFE and GGGE) possess memory enhancing property in stress triggered rats. Moreover, these comparative results provided information and confirmed the high potential of GGGE in comparison to GGFE might be due to rich glycyrrhizin content present in GGGE responsible for acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme modulatory activity. Therefore, GGGE could be used as a promising lead for further mechanistic and molecular study for defining the role of glycyrrhizin of Glycyrrhiza glabra.

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