Effect of electrode properties and operational parameters on capacitive deionization using low-cost commercial carbons

2016 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L. Zornitta ◽  
Julio J. Lado ◽  
Marc A. Anderson ◽  
Luís A.M. Ruotolo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Operational Parameters

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic, Inorganic and Microbial Pollutants Present in Water by Novel Materials: A Critical Review and Present Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kuruvilla ◽  
C. Freeda Christy ◽  
A. Samson Nesaraj
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Presently water pollution is the one of the major threats faced by living things all over the world. The main cause of water pollution is its effect on the life of aquatic animals. Organic, inorganic, microbial and other pollutants often mix with water bodies mainly due to human activities. Because of the presence of pollutants in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen level can be decreased which in turn affect the survival of aquatic life. The pollutant water may enter the agriculture fields and damage the plants extensively. The methods, such as, coagulation, adsorption, foam floating, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, etc. are presently employed to treat the waste water. Among these methods, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation is considered to be a good method because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. In this review, the decontamination of different kinds of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water with different photocatalysts process is presented.

Recent Advances in Fluidized Bed Gasification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Olagoke Oladokun
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gasification Technology ◽  
Potential Use

The chapter presents recent developments in the gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) through fluidized bed gasifiers. The bioenergy potential of oil palm EFB as an environmentally friendly biomass is presented. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the prospects of utilising biomass gasification technology as a practical method for valorising EFB. The successful development and deployment of gasification for oil palm EFB depends on a critical understanding of the fundamental theories of the chemical reactions, classification, and operational parameters of biomass gasifiers. Hence, the potential use of fluidized bed gasifiers for oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is highlighted in detail. Next, the analysis of the fundamental theories, assumptions, and equations of fluidization critical to fluidized bed gasification of EFB is presented. The chapter concludes by highlighting the potential of oil palm EFB as a low-cost, abundant, lignocellulosic feedstock for valorisation through fluidized bed gasification.

scholarly journals Modified coal fly ash as low cost adsorbent for removal reactive dyes from batik industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Taufiq ◽  
Pratikno Hidayat ◽  
Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Modified Fly Ash

The removal of reactive dyes on modified coal fly ash has been investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. Physical characteristics of modified coal fly ash was characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (50–200 mg/L), solution pH (4–10) and adsorbent dosage (50–200 mg/L) were studied. The adsorption experiments indicated that modified coal fly ash was effective in removing of Remazol Blue. The percentage removal of dyes increased while the modified fly ash dosage increased. The percentage removal of dyes increased with decreased initial concentration of the dye and also increased with amount of adsorbent used. The optimum of removal of dyes was found to be 94% at initial dye concentration 50 g/mL, modified fly ash dosage 250 g/mL, and pH of 2.0.

scholarly journals Modification of Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Nanocarbons for Enhanced Capacitive Deionization Performance: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lin ◽  
Maoxin Liao ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xinran Sheng ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Morphology Control ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Metal Organic

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising electrochemical water treatment technology. Development of new electrode materials with higher performance is key to improve the desalination efficiency of CDI. Carbon nanomaterials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted wide attention for their porous nanostructures and large specific surface areas. The desalination capacity and cycling stability of MOF-derived carbons (MOFCs) have been greatly improved by means of morphology control, heteroatom doping, Faradaic material modification, etc. Despite progress has been made to improve their CDI performance, quite a lot of MOFCs are too costly to be applied in a large scale. It remains crucial to develop MOFCs with both high desalination efficiency and low cost. In this review, we summarized three modification methods of MOFCs, namely morphology control, heteroatom doping, and Faradaic material doping, and put forward some constructive advice on how to enhance the desalination performance of MOFCs effectively at a low cost. We hope that more efforts could be devoted to the industrialization of MOFCs for CDI.

The Design and Performance of a Sequencing Sediment Trap for Lake Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Muzzi ◽  
Brian J. Eadie
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Coastal Systems ◽  
Sample Bottle ◽  
And Performance

Static sediment traps have been successfully used to examine the processes of particle flux and resuspension in large lakes and coastal systems. Although the traps themselves are inexpensive, the deployment and retrieval of them is costly, which restricts both the quantity and frequency of samples. To overcome this, a programmable sequencing sediment trap was designed and tested for use in large lakes and coastal systems. Sediment is collected into a carousel of 23 standard 60 ml (Nalgene™) polyethylene sample bottles. The sequencing design incorporates an electric motor and paddle to rotate the carousel so that one sample bottle at a time is exposed according to a preprogrammed schedule. These traps incorporate a cylindrical design with a 20 cm collection opening and an 8:1 aspect ratio. The micro-controller monitors the operation and records operational parameters allowing corifirmation of the exposure time of each bottle. Several field tests were conducted to verify the precision and uniformity of the sediment collection. Impmvements made over the 10 years of deployment experience and field testing have resulted in a very reliable and low-cost instrument.

The Monitoring and Control of Burners Co-Firing Coal and Biomass

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Valliappan ◽  
K. Jagiełło ◽  
S. J. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Flame Monitoring ◽  
And Control

The monitoring and control of combustion systems co-firing coal and biomass is a critical consideration when aiming to increase the proportion of biomass being combusted. This is because it is likely that the combustion will become increasingly unstable as the biomass proportion increases. In order to develop a flame monitoring and control system, flame signal data sets were collected from combustion measurements taken on a 500kW pilot scale combustion test facility. The sensors used were photodiodes with sensitivities in the UV, visible and IR wavelengths. The analysis of these data, identified flame features that can be related to operational parameters such as flame stability, excess air level, NOx and CO emissions. These features were then applied in the development of an intelligent flame monitoring and optimisation system for individual burners based on these low cost sensors. The testing of the monitoring and control system on a pilot scale burner and at full scale are described in this paper.

Evaluation of operational parameters for a capacitive deionization reactor employing asymmetric electrodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio J. Lado ◽  
Rodolfo E. Pérez-Roa ◽  
Jesse J. Wouters ◽  
M. Isabel Tejedor-Tejedor ◽  
Marc A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Asymmetric Electrodes

scholarly journals Utilization of a Novel Low-Cost Gibto (Lupinus Albus) Seed Peel Waste for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Adugna Nigatu Alene ◽  
Gietu Yirga Abate ◽  
Adere Tarekegne Habte ◽  
Desiew Mekuanint Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Malachite Green Dye

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of malachite green (MG) dye onto the raw (RLAPW) and activated (ALAPW) surface of Lupinus albus seed peel waste prepared via physicochemical activation under alkaline condition as a dye adsorbent. Proximate analysis, surface area (Sears’ method), point of zero charge (pHzpc), and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the adsorbents. The effects of operational parameters such as pH (4) for ALAPW and pH (6) for RLAPW, adsorbent dose (0.2 g), initial dye concentration (30 mg/L), contact time (60 min), and temperature (298 K) were optimized. The experimental data well fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 7.3 mg/g for activated Lupinus albus seed peel waste (ALAPW) and Sips isotherm for raw Lupinus albus seed peel waste (RLAPW) with the adsorption capacity of 6.6 mg/g. The kinetics data well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Thermodynamic study revealed that the bioadsorption process using bioadsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Desorption experiment was conducted and showed desorption efficiency at an acidic pH of 2. The results showed that the prepared adsorbents exhibited good adsorption capacity and can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of malachite green dyes.

scholarly journals Metodología geometalúrgica para mejorar el proceso de extracción de oro en pequeña escala de la mina Gualconda en Nariño – Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kamilo Pantoja-Barrios ◽  
Eliana Katherine Molina-Ramírez ◽  
Silvia Natalia Fuentes-Torres ◽  
Fabian Andrés Ramírez ◽  
Jaime Mojica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Gold Bearing

In the gold beneficiation processes, the degree of particle size reduction is strongly influenced by the size and shape of the mineral species associated with the economically important metals. The capacity, energy consumption, and costs of the gold-bearing ore processing depend mainly on the operational parameters of the equipment of comminution and gravimetric concentration; therefore, it is essential to characterize the liberation degree of the minerals of interest as function of particle size. The small-scale mining beneficiation plants usually do not consider the liberation of sulfide particles as a requirement to define the grinding size reduction ratio, this is determined empirically, evaluating in which size a higherpercentage of gold recovery is obtained. The methodology proposed in this paper constitutes a low cost analytical technique, using the free software IMAGE-J, to determine the appropriate liberation size for sulfide particles and associated gold particles,as well as the size distribution of gold ore particles. Additionally, the Molycop-Tools software was used to simulate the best grinding strategy based on the liberation results obtained.Through the methodology of automatic image analysis to determine the liberation degree of sulfides, the mineralogical characterization, and the recommendation of a metallurgical processing strategy for the gold-bearing ore based on steady-state simulations, it was possible to establish the appropriate parameters of ball mill grinding and gravimetric concentration of the Gualconda mine in the Department of Nariño, in order to improve the gold recovery and increase the plant capacity.

scholarly journals Prediction of Temperature During Machinability of Al2O3 Reinforced Al7075

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Varna Krishna ◽  
Vijay K. Shankar ◽  
Lakshmidevamma Madarakallu Muniyappa ◽  
Mahagundappa M. Benal
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Al2o3 Particle ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
P Value ◽  
Operational Parameters

Metal matrix composite Al2O3 particle reinforced Al have become useful engineering materials due to their properties such as low cost, wear-resistant, heat-resistant and low weight. The present study focused on prediction of temperature produced during machining of Al2O3 reinforced with Al7075. In this investigation the percentage of Al2O3 (mesh size of 100-300)was varied 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% to the base material of Al7075. The temperature was measured using thermal gun at machining tip of the tool at which maximum temperature were measured by varying operational parameters such as depth of cut (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25mm), spindle speed (80, 112, 140, 200 and 355rpm) and feed rate (0.10, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2 and 0.25mm/sec). Experimental results revels that the temperature increases with increase in feed rate and depth, whereas, in case of spindle speed there is a fluctuation in temperature for all the combinations considered. The percentage contribution of operational parameters on temperature was determined using ANOVA analysis. Overall analyses for all the combination considered shows that feed rate (45.07%), depth (33.75%) and spindle speed (5.2%) on temperature. The developed models with a P-value are less than 0.05 were considered to be a statistically significant with 95% of confidence interval. A good agreement between experimental and statistical modeling were achieved and comparison of experimental and statistical analysis were drawn.

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