The operational mechanism and effectiveness of China's central environmental protection inspection: Evidence from air pollution

2021 ◽  
pp. 101215
Author(s):  
Po Kou ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Xiaoyuan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Operational Mechanism

The Zhenhua Case: the emergence of civil environmental public interest litigation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Restoration Cost

Abstract In 2015, the All-China Environment Federation v Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Corporation Limited case was the first civil environmental public interest litigation (CEPIL) against air pollution in China. Constituting a milestone in the field of air pollution control in China, this case (i) confirms the eligibility of a non-governmental organisation (NGO) to file civil public interest litigations; (ii) discusses remedies for the ecological destruction caused by air pollution; (iii) assesses the ecological and environmental damage using the ‘virtual restoration cost’ method; and (iv) uses public apology as an innovative way for Zhenhua to assume liability. By applying and interpreting several important rules under the Environmental Protection Law of China (EPLC) for the first time, this case sets an example for future CEPILs against air pollution in China.

scholarly journals Does the “Miracle Drug” of Environmental Governance Really Improve Air Quality? Evidence from China’s System of Central Environmental Protection Inspections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxin Wu ◽  
Piao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Media ◽  
Positive Effect

Central environmental protection inspections have completed their goal of full coverage of 31 provinces in China, and more than 17,000 officials have been held accountable. The media has evaluated the effectiveness of central environmental protection inspections using the notions of “instant results” and the “miracle drug of environmental governance.” Can this approach effectively promote local environmental governance? This paper takes the treatment effect of central environmental protection inspections on air pollution as an example. Using the method of regression discontinuity, central environmental protection inspections are found to have a positive effect on the air quality index (AQI), but this effect is only short term and unsustainable. Additionally, there are inter-provincial differences. Judging from the research results on sub-contaminants, the treatment effect of central environmental protection inspections on air pollution is mainly reflected in PM10, PM2.5 and CO. Under the current situation in which PM10 and PM2.5 are the main assessment indexes, this phenomenon indicates that due to the political achievements and promotion of local officials and for reasons of accountability, it is more effective for the central government to conduct specific environmental assessments through local governments than to conduct central environmental protection inspections.

Design of Automatic Aerial Air Pollution Monitoring System

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 571-574
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring

Based on air pollution situation, make the ball with hydrogen floating in the air height of 50 meters as the aerial air pollution automatic detection mobile platform, based on sensor technology, embedded technology, thrust composite applications, GPRS, GPS and other hardware combined with the lower position machine applications、PC software system , conducted the system requirements analysis, software and hardware architecture design and description. The system solves the common aerial equipment’s problem of letting propeller blown air when detecting air parameters, using aerial balloon floating platform for air-parameter sensor automatically detects collection. Achieve operational automation, thus greatly reduce the work intensity of aerial air pollution monitoring and management, reduce the error of manual operation may occur, improve the efficiency of environmental protection, promote informatization construction of environmental protection work. This paper elaborates the overall design process of aerial air pollution automatic monitoring system.

scholarly journals Does Whistleblowing Work for Air Pollution Control in China? A Study Based on Three-party Evolutionary Game Model under Incomplete Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Yang ◽  
Weixin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Government Officials

During China’s air pollution campaign, whistleblowing has become an important way for the central government to discover local environmental issues. The three parties involved in whistleblowing are: the central government environmental protection departments, the local government officials, and the whistleblowers. Based on these players, this paper has constructed an Evolutionary Game Model under incomplete information and introduced the expected return as well as replicator dynamics equations of various game agents based on analysis of the game agents, assumptions, and payoff functions of the model in order to study the strategic dynamic trend and stability of the evolutionary game model. Furthermore, this paper has conducted simulation experiments on the evolution of game agents’ behaviors by combining the constraints and replicator dynamics equations. The conclusions are: the central environmental protection departments are able to effectively improve the environmental awareness of local government officials by measures such as strengthening punishment on local governments that do not pay attention to pollution issues and lowering the cost of whistleblowing, thus nurturing a good governance and virtuous circle among the central environmental protection departments, local government officials, and whistleblowers. Based on the study above, this paper has provided policy recommendations in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Public awareness and support for environmental protection—A focus on air pollution in peninsular Malaysia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0212206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunn Shin Jocelyne Chin ◽  
Laura De Pretto ◽  
Vivek Thuppil ◽  
Matthew J. Ashfold
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia

Study on the Characteristics of Ecological Civilization System in Shanghai

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1924-1927
Author(s):  
Guo Dong Yan ◽  
Jian Cheng Kang ◽  
Guo Wei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
Promotion Committee ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Laws And Policies

The resources constraint is tight and system bottleneck prominent in Shanghai, so institutional innovation of ecological civilization is urgent. The research fucous on the Characteristics of Shanghai ecological civilization system and find that Operational mechanism of Coordination Promotion Committee works well and Have Effective pricing policies, Effective fiscal transfer payment system for ecological compensation. Multiple construction project subsidy policies but the Environmental protection laws and policies are not adequate, Ineffective law enforcement supervision and accountability mechanism, Restructure of low-carbon pilot plans is needed, Compensation policy for use of environmental resources needs improvement. So as to Put forward the countermeasures and Suggestions such as Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, improve pollution control system.Establish environmental taxation policies, strengthen environmental protection investment mechanism.Joint prevention mechanism for air pollution, implement "fog control" accountability system

Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dan Wood
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
Clean Air

A principal-agent perspective has been employed in recent studies to rediscover the importance of democratic hierarchies in shaping public bureaucratic outputs. I test the robustness of the hierarchy model for explaining outputs from an agency that has often been cast in the image of bureaucratic independence, the Environmental Protection Agency. Examining the effect of the Reagan presidency on EPA outputs for clean air, Box-Tiao models are constructed to explain shifts in the vigor of air pollution enforcements between 1977 and 1985. The analysis shows that the influence of elected institutions is limited when an agency has substantial bureaucratic resources and a zeal for their use. Moreover, under these conditions, bureaucracy can even move outputs in directions completely opposite from what a model of hierarchy would predict. The implication is that for some agencies it is necessary to give greater consideration to the agent in explaining implementation outcomes through time.

scholarly journals TAX SYSTEM IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575-1579
Author(s):  
Biljana Radovanović ◽  
Gordana Stojmenović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
The Republic

In the upcoming period, the Republic of Serbia should provide financial resources in the amount of about EUR 10 billion for the field of environmental protection in order to harmonize standards with EU standards in the same area and in that way bring it closer to joining the European peoples' community. Analyzing existing sources and levels of environmental financing, there are major problems that the Republic of Serbia has to overcome in order to join the European Union. It is necessary to adopt strategies in the field of climate change, air pollution and waters of the Republic of Serbia, and that the Ministry of Environmental Protection should be given greater authority. One of the most common and most sophisticated sources of financing environmental protection is found in fiscal conditions, primarily in ecological taxes, fees and taxes collected within the tax system of the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals Air Pollution, Vietnames Legal Finalization for Environmental Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Hai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

Air pollution has been a growing concern for decades, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. It has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. According to the World Health Organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Air pollution is considered as the major environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of some diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight. This article aims to discuss toxicology of major air pollutants, sources of emission, and their impact on human health. We have also proposed practical measures to reduce air pollution in VietNam. Keywords: Air pollution, cardiovascular diseases, environment, human health, Vietnam. References: [1] http://www.healthdata.org/infograp hic/global-burden-air-pollution.[2] http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/781521473177013155/pdf/108141-REVISED-Cost-of-PollutionWebCORRECTEDfile.pdf.[3] https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-topline.[4] https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-su/khong-khi-ha-noi-lai-vuon-len-muc-o-nhiem-nhat-the-gioi-1185769.html.[5] Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (adopted 13 November 1979, entered into force 16 March 1983).[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency (2007), “Terms of Environment: Glossary, Abbreviations and Acronyms.[7] Trường Đại học Luật Hà Nội, Giáo trình luật môi trường, NXB. Công an Nhân dân, Hà Nội, 2014, tr.165.[8] WHO, ‘A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease: FAQs’ http://www. who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/global-exposure-assessment-faq/en.[9] https://www.worldenvironmentday.global/what-causes-air-pollution#agriculture.[10] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.[11] WHO, “Household Air Pollution and Health” (February 2016).http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/.[12] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.[13] M. Sand et al, “Response of Arctic Temperature to Changes in Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers” (2016) 6 Nature Climate Change 286.[14] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6862654/#B2-ijerph-16-04296.[15] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114000062.[16] Kết luận số 56-KL/TW, ngày 23/8/2019 của Bộ Chính trị về tiếp tục thực hiện Nghị quyết Trung ương 7 khoá XI về chủ động ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu, tăng cường quản lí tài nguyên và bảo vệ môi trường.[17] Quyết định số 79/QĐ-BTNMT, ngày 09/01/2020 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường về việc công bố 10 sự kiện ngành tài nguyên và môi trường năm 2019.[18] https://www.thiennhien.net/2020/02/25/chat-luong-khong-khi-do-thi-dien-bien-xau-trong-2-thang-dau-nam/.[19] https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/thoi-su/moi-truong/khong-khi-ha-noi-o-nguong-rat-co-hai-ngay-thu-7-lien-tiep-599095.html.[20] https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-su/khong-khi-ha-noi-lai-vuon-len-muc-o-nhiem-nhat-the-gioi-1185769.html.[21] Shannon N. Koplitz và cộng sự, Burden of Disease from Rising Coal-Fired Power Plant Emissions in Southeast Asia (2017), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.6b03731. [22] Nguyễn Quang Dy, Câu chuyện đầu năm: Nguy cơ khủng hoảng môi trường, http://www.viet-studies.net/kinhte/NQuangDy_KhungHoangMoiTruong.html.    

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