Effects of hybrid, kernel maturity, and storage period on the bacterial community in high-moisture and rehydrated corn grain silages

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the rehydration approach of mature corn grains as an alternative for high-moisture corn grain silage production in distinct corn hybrids, storage period, cultivation locations and kernel maturity at plant harvest. High-moisture corn was used as a control. The dry matter content and pH of the silage were measured, and the bacterial community associated with corn grains pre- and post-ensiling was also assessed through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The decrease in pH value was directly linked to an ecological microbial succession of Enterobacteriales and Actinomycetales to Lactobacillales in the silage at 120 days after storage, either in rehydrated or high-moisture corn. These results were similar for both maize production locations and hybrids tested. Finally, the similarity between the ensiling processes including rehydrated corn and the high-moisture corn grain silages proves the reliability of the rehydration approach as an alternative for the maintenance of a successful bacterial community structure and composition capable of producing high-quality silages from dent and flint corn hybrids in tropical conditions.

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Chemical and Microbial Changes in Dehulled Confectionery Sunflower Kernels during Storage Under Controlled Conditions

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-39.1.18 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. A. ROBERTSON ◽

J. K. THOMAS

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Storage Period ◽

Plate Count ◽

Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽

High Moisture ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Aerobic Plate Count ◽

And Storage ◽

Microbiological Analyses

Samples of freshly dehulled, confectionery sunflower kernels were adjusted to moistures of 5.2, 10.5, and 14.7%, sealed in plastic bags and stored at 35, 75, and 95 F (1.7, 23.9, and 35 C) for 12 weeks. At 2-week intervals aliquots were removed for flavor, chemical, and microbiological analyses. Acid values of oil extracted from stored kernels increased with temperature, moisture content, and storage time. At acid values of 4 or higher, kernels had a sour flavor. In general, the peroxide value decreased with increased moisture at each temperature and storage period. The initial aerobic plate count of the sunflower kernels was log 6.83/g, the Enterobacteriaceae count was log 6.15/g, and the yeast and mold count was log 3.65/g. From countable plates randomly selected, about 80% of the Enterobacteriaceae were identified as Enterobacter agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola). At 35 F microbial counts generally changed little. At 75 F, however, counts decreased rapidly; and at 95 F, yeast and mold counts of 14.7% moisture kernels increased, Enterobacteriaceae counts decreased, and aerobic plate counts decreased except in high moisture samples. A microbiological survey of whole sunflower seed and dehulled kernels from three dehulling operations indicated that contamination of the dehulled kernels was primarily from sunflower hulls rather than from processing equipment.

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High-moisture corn grain silage inoculated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Lactobacillus plantarum in different storage times

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i1.10371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e0410110371

Author(s):

Rafael Frank ◽

Marcela Abbado Neres ◽

Tatiane Fernandes ◽

Rodrigo André Schöne ◽

André Sanches de Avila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

High Moisture ◽

Propionibacterium Acidipropionici ◽

Colony Forming Unit ◽

Ph Values ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Storage Times ◽

And Storage ◽

Corn Grain ◽

High Moisture Corn

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, growth of microorganisms, and the aerobic stability of high-moisture corn grain silage inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum + Propionibacterium acidipropionici. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replications (50 experimental units) and the treatments were: use or not of microbial inoculant (2 x 105 colony forming unit (CFU) g-1 Lactobacillus plantarum + Propionibacterium acidipropionici) and the storage length for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 d. Aerobic stability of silage was evaluated at 28 and 56 d of storage length. The lactic acid bacteria population was influenced by storage length and the greatest values were estimated at 8 d of storage length. Regardless of inoculant application, no enterobacteria were present from 3 d post-ensiling. With respect to mold growth, an interaction between inoculant and storage length was observed wherein molds were most abundant after 3 d of storage in silage that received inoculant. However, at 14 d of storage the use of bacterial inoculant reduced the occurrence of molds. pH values obtained after 3 d of ensiling were less than 4.0 for all the treatments. The high-moisture corn grain silage possessed good fermentative quality. Further, adequate pH values were achieved from the third day of ensilage and were not influenced by the presence of bacterial inoculant.

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The Influence Mechanism of Temperature and Storage Period on Polarization Properties of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene) Ultrathin Films

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11050301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Xingjia Li ◽

Zhi Shi ◽

Xiuli Zhang ◽

Xiangjian Meng ◽

Zhiqiang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrathin Films ◽

Remanent Polarization ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Storage Period ◽

Testing Temperature ◽

Fatigue Properties ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

High Level ◽

And Storage

The effect of testing temperature and storage period on the polarization fatigue properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) ultrathin film devices were investigated. The experimental results show that, even after stored in air for 150 days, the relative remanent polarization (Pr/Pr(0)) of P(VDF–TrFE) of ultrathin films can keep at a relatively high level of 0.80 at 25 °C and 0.70 at 60 °C. To account for this result, a hydrogen fluoride (HF) formation inhibition mechanism was proposed, which correlated the testing temperature and the storage period with the microstructure of P(VDF–TrFE) molecular chain. Moreover, a theoretical model was constructed to describe the polarization fatigue evolution of P(VDF–TrFE) samples.

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Changes in Particle Size, Sedimentation, and Protein Microstructure of Ultra-High-Temperature Skim Milk Considering Plasmin Concentration and Storage Temperature

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2339

Author(s):

So-Yul Yun ◽

Jee-Young Imm

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Storage Period ◽

Sediment Analysis ◽

Sediment Formation ◽

And Storage ◽

Ultra High Temperature

Age gelation is a major quality defect in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) pasteurized milk during extended storage. Changes in plasmin (PL)-induced sedimentation were investigated during storage (23 °C and 37 °C, four weeks) of UHT skim milk treated with PL (2.5, 10, and 15 U/L). The increase in particle size and broadening of the particle size distribution of samples during storage were dependent on the PL concentration, storage period, and storage temperature. Sediment analysis indicated that elevated storage temperature accelerated protein sedimentation. The initial PL concentration was positively correlated with the amount of protein sediment in samples stored at 23 °C for four weeks (r = 0.615; p < 0.01), whereas this correlation was negative in samples stored at 37 °C for the same time (r = −0.358; p < 0.01) due to extensive proteolysis. SDS-PAGE revealed that whey proteins remained soluble over storage at 23 °C for four weeks, but they mostly disappeared from the soluble phase of PL-added samples after two weeks’ storage at 37 °C. Transmission electron micrographs of PL-containing UHT skim milk during storage at different temperatures supported the trend of sediment analysis well. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra of UHT skim milk stored at 23 °C for three weeks, PL-induced particle size enlargement was due to protein aggregation and the formation of intermolecular β-sheet structures, which contributed to casein destabilization, leading to sediment formation.

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Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1225

Author(s):

Shanshan Zhao ◽

Fengyuan Yang ◽

Yuan Wang ◽

Xiaomiao Fan ◽

Changsong Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Ph Value ◽

Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽

High Concentration ◽

High Moisture ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Alfalfa Silage ◽

Fermentation Parameters

The aim of this study was to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of fermentation parameters and the bacterial community during the ensiling of high-moisture alfalfa. A commercial lactic acid bacteria (YX) inoculant was used as an additive. After 15 and 30 days of ensiling, the control silage (CK) exhibited a high pH and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N); Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were the dominant genera. At 60 d, the pH value and the concentration of NH3-N in CK silage increased compared with 15 and 30 d, propionic acid and butyric acid (BA) were detected, and Garciella had the highest abundance in the bacterial community. Compared with CK silage, inoculation of YX significantly promoted lactic acid and acetic acid accumulation and reduced pH and BA formation, did not significantly reduce the concentration of NH3-N except at 60 d, and significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Garciella and Anaerosporobacter, but did not significantly inhibit the growth of Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium. In conclusion, high-moisture alfalfa naturally ensiled is prone to rot. Adding YX can delay the process of silage spoilage by inhibiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent.

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Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Ana L M Gomes ◽

Antonio V I Bueno ◽

Fernando A Jacovaci ◽

Guilherme Donadel ◽

Luiz F Ferraretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Moisture Concentration ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

And Storage ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract Our objective was to examine the effects of processing, moisture, and anaerobic storage length of reconstituted corn grain (RCG) on the fermentation profile, geometric mean particle size (GMPS), and ruminal dry matter disappearance (DMD). Dry corn kernels were ground (hammer mill, 5-mm screen) or rolled, then rehydrated to 30%, 35%, or 40% moisture, and stored for 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 d in laboratory silos. Rolled corn had an increased GMPS compared with ground corn (2.24 and 1.13 mm, respectively, at ensiling). However, there was a trend for an interaction between processing and moisture concentration to affect particle size, with GMPS increasing with increased moisture concentration, especially in ground corn. Longer storage periods also slightly increased GMPS. Processing, moisture, and storage length interacted to affect the fermentation pattern (two- or three-way interactions). Overall, pH decreased, whereas lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and NH3-N increased with storage length. RCG with 30% moisture had less lactic acid than corn with 35% and 40% moisture, indicating that fermentation might have been curtailed and also due to the clostridial fermentation that converts lactic acid to butyric acid. Ensiling reconstituted ground corn with 30% of moisture led to greater concentrations of ethanol and butyric acid, resulting in greater DM loss than grain rehydrated to 35% or 40% of moisture. Ammonia-N and in situ ruminal DMD were highest for reconstituted ground corn with 35% or 40% of moisture, mainly after 60 d of storage. Therefore, longer storage periods and greater moisture contents did not offset the negative effect of greater particle size on the in situ ruminal DMD of rolled RCG. Nonetheless, RCG should be ensiled with more than 30% moisture and stored for at least 2 mo to improve the ruminal DMD and reduce the formation of ethanol and butyric acid.

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The Effect of Pad-Bath pH and Storage Period on the Hydrolysis of DMDHEU

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/004051758205200407 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 269-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.R. Beck ◽

D.M. Pasad

Keyword(s):

Storage Period ◽

And Storage ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Impact of initial grain moisture, fumigation, and storage period on physicochemical characteristics of wheat in Pakistan

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.16387 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Akhlaq ◽

Shinawar Waseem Ali ◽

Ayesha Murtaza ◽

Muhammad Arshad Javed ◽

Aftab Ahmad Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Period ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

And Storage

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ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY AND FRESH-CUT ARRACACHA QUALITY

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542015000300009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 276-282

Author(s):

Hêmina Carla Vilela ◽

Patrícia de Fátima Pereira Goulart ◽

Kamila Rezende Dázio de Souza ◽

Ana Carolina Vilas Boas ◽

Jane Silva Roda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Storage Period ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Useful Life ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

And Storage ◽

Microbiological Aspects

The arracacha is an alternative of fresh-cut product; however it can be easily degraded after the processing techniques. The objective of this work was to evaluate the useful life of fresh-cut arracacha submitted to two types of cuts and storage, as well as to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The roots were selected, sanitized and submitted to two cut types: cubed and grated. Then they were evaluated at 3 times: 0, 3 and 7 days. The cutting in cubes provided higher quality and lower SOD, CAT and APX activity. However, the grated product presented higher PG activity and lower PPO activity. The microbiological safety and the nutritional value were maintained in both cuts during the whole storage period. The useful life, regarding the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological aspects, can be established at 7 days under refrigeration for fresh-cut arracacha.

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