The role of active arsenic species produced by metabolic reduction of dimethylarsinic acid in genotoxicity and tumorigenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
K YAMANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Reduction

Methylation of Arsenic by Freshwater Green Algae

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Baker ◽  
P. T. S. Wong ◽  
Y. K. Chau ◽  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
W. E. Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid

Isolates from four genera of freshwater green algae were capable of methylating sodium arsenite in lake water and Bold's basal medium. Analysis of the liquid phase of the methylation flasks revealed the presence of methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and trimethylarsine oxide. Volatile arsine and methylarsines were not detected in the headspace gases presumably because of the inability of the algae to reduce completely the methylated–arsenic species. Although the algae varied with respect to their methylating abilities, the levels of methylated–arsenic compounds were always significantly higher when the algae were grown in lake water. This may have been due to the lower phosphate concentration in the lake water. We suggest that arsenic methylation by green algae constitutes an additional source for the formation and cycling of organo-arsenic compounds in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals Elemental and Speciation Analyses of Different Brands of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2925
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Proch ◽  
Aleksandra Orłowska ◽  
Przemysław Niedzielski
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In this work, a methodology for determination of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in fifty-eight samples (forty-nine products of thirteen brands from three countries) commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was performed. The hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICP OES) technique was used. Arsenic was determined below the quantification limit in 38 samples of yerba mate. As(III) was found at the level 0.09 and 0.08 mg kg−1. The As(V) content was in the range: 0.21 to 0.28 mg kg−1. The content of DMA was found the highest of the three arsenic species in the range: 0.21 to 0.47 mg kg−1. The content of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was found in the range: 0.61 to 15.4 mg kg−1 and 0.66 to 43.1 mg kg−1, respectively and the dominance of Fe(III) was observed. Moreover, total and extractable content of 16 elements were determined. The results have been subjected to statistical analysis in order to establish relationships between samples of the same origin (country), kind (type) and composition (purity).

scholarly journals Speciation of Arsenic in Chicken Meat by Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Polatajko ◽  
Joanna Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A method was developed for speciation analysis of arsenic in chicken meat. Different procedures were optimized for the recovery of arsenic compounds without destroying the original compounds, and 2 anion-exchange liquid chromatography columns were compared for the separation of arsenic species prior to on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The 2 species found were dimethylarsinic acid (106 ± 5 ng/g) and arsenobetaine (37 ± 4 ng/g). The stability of arsenic species in a chicken meat candidate reference material for at least 12 months was demonstrated.

Dimethylarsinic acid is the causal agent inducing rice straighthead disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5631-5644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Tang ◽  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Axiang Gao ◽  
Yuchen Ji ◽  
Baoyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

Abstract Straighthead disease is a physiological disorder in rice with symptoms of sterile spikelets, distorted husks, and erect panicles. Methylated arsenic species have been implicated as the causal agent of the disease, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we investigated whether dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) causes straighthead disease and its effect on the transcriptome of young panicles. DMA addition caused typical straighthead symptoms in hydroponic culture, which were alleviated by silicon addition. DMA addition to soil at the tillering to flowering stages induced straighthead disease. Transgenic rice expressing a bacterial arsenite methyltransferase gene gained the ability to methylate arsenic to mainly DMA, with the consequence of inducing straighthead disease. Field surveys showed that seed setting rate decreased with increasing DMA concentration in the husk, with an EC50 of 0.18 mg kg−1. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 364 and 856 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the young panicles of DMA-treated plants compared with control, whereas Si addition markedly reduced the number of genes affected. Among the differentially expressed genes, genes related to cell wall modification and oxidative stress responses were the most prominent, suggesting that cell wall metabolism is a sensitive target of DMA toxicity and silicon protects against this toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of arsenosugar ingestion on urinary arsenic speciation

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Ma ◽  
X Chris Le
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Abstract We developed and evaluated a method for the determination of μg/L concentrations of individual arsenic species in urine samples. We have mainly studied arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) because these are the most commonly used biomarkers of exposure by the general population to inorganic arsenic and because of concerns over these arsenic species on their toxicity and carcinogenicity. We have also detected five unidentified urinary arsenic species resulting from the metabolism of arsenosugars. We combined ion pair liquid chromatography with on-line hydride generation and subsequent atomic fluorescence detection (HPLC/HGAFS). Detection limits, determined as three times the standard deviation of the baseline noise, are 0.8, 1.2, 0.7, and 1.0 μ/L arsenic for arsenite, arsenate, MMAA, and DMAA, respectively. These correspond to 16, 24, 14, and 20 pg of arsenic, respectively, for a 20-μL sample injected for analysis. The excellent detection limit enabled us to determine trace concentrations of arsenic species in urine samples from healthy subjects who did not have excess exposure to arsenic. There was no need for any sample pretreatment step. We used Standard Reference Materials, containing both normal and increased concentrations of arsenic, to validate the method. Interlaboratory studies with independent techniques also confirmed the results obtained with the HPLC/HGAFS method. We demonstrated an application of the method to the determination of arsenic species in urine samples after the ingestion of seaweed by four volunteers. We observed substantial increases of DMAA concentrations in the samples collected from the volunteers after the consumption of seaweed. The increase of urinary DMAA concentration is due to the metabolism of arsenosugars that are present in the seaweed. Our results suggest that the commonly used biomarkers of exposure to inorganic arsenic, based on the measurement of arsenite, arsenate, MMAA, and DMAA, are not reliable when arsenosugars are ingested from the diet.

scholarly journals Arsenic Species Analysis at Trace Level by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfang Hou ◽  
Wanjing Cui ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Zhanhui Tao ◽  
Yafei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A sensitive and accurate simultaneous continuous analysis for six arsenic species including arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenocholine (AsC), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenite (AsIII), and arsenate (AsV) has been developed by high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). An anion-exchange column of Hamilton PRP-X100 (Switzerland) was applied for separation of the six arsenic species with gradient elution of 1.25 mmol/L Na2HPO4 and 11.0 mmol/L KH2PO4 as the mobile phase A and 2.5 mmol/L Na2HPO4 and 22.0 mmol/L KH2PO4 as the mobile phase B. The linearity ranges for AsB, AsC, MMA, DMA, AsIII, and AsV were between 0.5 and 50.0 μg/L, and the detection limits of the six arsenic species were all within 0.01–0.35 ng/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were within 2.26–3.68% and the recovery rates of samples ranged from 95 to 103%. The proposed method was applied for the arsenic speciation analysis of sediment pore-water samples, which were taken from the supernatant after centrifugation and filtration.

scholarly journals Arsenic Methyltransferase and Methylation of Inorganic Arsenic

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Nirmal K. Roy ◽  
Anthony Murphy ◽  
Max Costa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Foot Disease

Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment, and exists predominantly as inorganic arsenite (As (III) and arsenate As (V)). Arsenic contamination of drinking water has long been recognized as a major global health concern. Arsenic exposure causes changes in skin color and lesions, and more severe health conditions such as black foot disease as well as various cancers originating in the lungs, skin, and bladder. In order to efficiently metabolize and excrete arsenic, it is methylated to monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acid. One single enzyme, arsenic methyltransferase (AS3MT) is responsible for generating both metabolites. AS3MT has been purified from several mammalian and nonmammalian species, and its mRNA sequences were determined from amino acid sequences. With the advent of genome technology, mRNA sequences of AS3MT have been predicted from many species throughout the animal kingdom. Horizontal gene transfer had been postulated for this gene through phylogenetic studies, which suggests the importance of this gene in appropriately handling arsenic exposures in various organisms. An altered ability to methylate arsenic is dependent on specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AS3MT. Reduced AS3MT activity resulting in poor metabolism of iAs has been shown to reduce expression of the tumor suppressor gene, p16, which is a potential pathway in arsenic carcinogenesis. Arsenic is also known to induce oxidative stress in cells. However, the presence of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter sequences of AS3MT in several species does not correlate with the ability to methylate arsenic. ARE elements are known to bind NRF2 and induce antioxidant enzymes to combat oxidative stress. NRF2 may be partly responsible for the biotransformation of iAs and the generation of methylated arsenic species via AS3MT. In this article, arsenic metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, a discussion of the AS3MT gene and its evolutionary history, and DNA methylation resulting from arsenic exposure have been reviewed.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Properties of Arsenic Species after Intravenous and Intragastrical Administration of Arsenic Trioxide Solution in Cynomolgus Macaques Using HPLC-ICP-MS

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Shi ◽  
Mingyan Ju ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhu ◽  
Hui Gan ◽  
Ruolan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A rapid and sensitive method was established for arsenic (As) speciation based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). This method was validated for the quantification of four arsenic species, including arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in cynomolgus macaque plasma. Separation was achieved in just 3.7 min with an alkyl reverse phase column and highly aqueous mobile phase containing 20 mM citric acid and 5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate (pH = 4.3). The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5–500 ng·mL−1 (measured as As), with r > 0.99. The above method was validated for selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, carryover effect and stability, and applied in a comparative pharmacokinetic study of arsenic species in cynomolgus macaque samples following intravenous and intragastrical administration of arsenic trioxide solution (0.80 mg·kg−1; 0.61 mg·kg−1 of arsenic); in addition, the absolute oral bioavailability of the active ingredient AsIII of arsenic trioxide in cynomolgus macaque samples was derived as 60.9 ± 16.1%.

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