Critical and subcritical cracking of high-strength wires obtained by cold-drawing of pearlitic and duplex stainless steels

2022 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 103205
Author(s):  
Mihaela Iordachescu ◽  
Andrés Valiente ◽  
Maricely De Abreu ◽  
Patricia Santos
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Subcritical Cracking

scholarly journals Cutting Performance of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels with Drills of Three Cutting Edges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marouvo ◽  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Simões
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Cutting Vibration

Austenitic and duplex stainless steels are considered be the best in corrosion resistance among different grades of stainless steels. Due to high strength, duplex stainless steels applications are increasingly as an alternative to the austenitic stainless steels. In this sense, the machining study of this materials is an important issue, in order to better understand the performance of the tools and the quality of the parts manufactured for high-demand industries. In this research, the machinability of both stainless steels was evaluated in the drilling operation, using drills with three cutting edges. This type of drill geometry is particularly useful when conventional solid carbide drills fail. The drill point of triple edge is very stable, demonstrating optimal positioning accuracy and better performance in deep bores. Using the same tool geometry, a comparative analysis of drilling performance on austenitic and duplex stainless steels was made. In experimental procedure, external low-pressure cooling or internal high-pressure cooling was applied alternatively. The cutting vibration, the tool wear, the roughness and the hole diameter accuracy were evaluated in the series of holes made. The obtained results show that the most important factor to increase the number of holes made is the use of high-pressure internal cooling. When external cooling is used, AISI 304 have a worse behaviour than duplex stainless steel, due to greater susceptibility to built-up-edge formation and work hardening. The tool deterioration is mainly non-uniform chipping for external cooling and flank wear for internal cooling.

Fractal Characterization of the Fractured Surface of a Duplex Stainless Steel and Their Relation with the Strength and Ductility

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
O. A. Hilders ◽  
L. Sáenz ◽  
N. Peña ◽  
M. Ramos ◽  
A. Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Due to the very good combination of the most outstanding properties of ferrite and austenite, the microstructure of duplex stainless steels allows them to obtain high strength and toughness levels even at low temperatures . As a result of these combined effects, duplex stainless steels have become very popular for many applications . In practice, the prolonged use of these materials at temperatures below approximately 500°C may cause an embrittlement of the ferrite phase, which has been called 475°C embrittlement. Thus, the isothermal aging at 475°C can be exploited to produce a variety of strength values associated with the corresponding decreases in ductility and variations of the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces. No experimental measurements of the fractal dimension - tensile properties relationships are available for many commercial metallic alloys, then, the present experiments on a duplex stainless steel were conducted to show that the fractal dimension, D, many be used as a characterization parameter in fracture morphology - mechanical properties studies.

Laser melting deposition of duplex stainless-steel coating on high strength low alloy pipeline steels for improving wear and corrosion resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Kaiping Du ◽  
Qiongyu Zhou ◽  
Ping Ou ◽  
Derong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
Laser Melting Deposition

In this paper, a duplex stainless steels coating was successfully prepared on high strength low alloy (HSLA) pipeline steels by laser melting deposition. The microstructure and phase identification of the obtained coating were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tribological behavior and corrosion behavior were investigated by high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester, polarization test, Eocp–t curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that the obtained coating is bonded metallurgically with the substrate and comprises α, γ, M2B and (Fe, Cr)23C6 phase. In addition, the obtained coating shows nearly 22.5% improvement in wear resistance over the substrate and much better corrosion resistance due to its nobler open circuit potential (Eocp), corrosion current density (i corr) and bigger impedance value than the substrate, confirming that the laser melting deposited duplex stainless steels coating can be a promising candidate for the protective coating of HSLA pipeline steels.

Duplex stainless steels: sustainable materials for highly durable structures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Backhouse ◽  
Sukanya Hägg Mameng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
Duplex Steels

<p>Stainless steels are well known for their durability in the built environment, having been widely used in external building cladding, street furniture and public artworks; the 1930’s stainless steel roof of the Chrysler Building is a fine example. Modern steelmaking techniques have facilitated the production of stainless steels with 85% recycled content and the production of high strength duplex stainless steels. High strength minimizes the weight of steel required and the inherent corrosion resistance means there is no need for additional corrosion protection even in aggressive coastal environments. These properties allow duplex steels to be efficiently used as durable structural engineering materials. The corrosion performance of several stainless steels, including a newly developed duplex grade LDX2404 (EN1.4662/UNS82441) has been studied in coastal atmospheric conditions. The performance of stainless steels under these test conditions is found to be similar to the performance in existing structural applications in comparable real-world environments. It is observed that the performance of a stainless steel grade can be adequately assessed in a given environment after only a few months or years, as the onset of any detrimental corrosion effects become visibly evident rather quickly. Appropriately selected grades of stainless steel for a given environment can be fully resistant to corrosion effects, and thus can be considered highly durable materials for bridges and other structural uses in the external environment.</p>

Compatibility Evaluation for Application of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels to Seawater Systems in Nuclear Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Hyun Young Chang ◽  
Heung Bae Park ◽  
Young Sik Kim ◽  
Sang Kon Ahn ◽  
Kwang Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Pitting Potential

Lean duplex stainless steels have been developed in Korea for the purpose of being used in the seawater systems of industries. The flow velocity of some part of seawater systems in nuclear power plants is high and damages of components from corrosion are severe. Therefore, this environment requires using high strength and high corrosion resistant steels. The newly developed lean duplex stainless steels STS329LD(20.3Cr-2.2Ni-1.4Mo) and STS329J3L(22.4Cr-5.7Ni-3.6Mo) are evaluated for the compatibility in seawater systems of nuclear power plants. In this study, the physical & mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of two alloys were quantitatively evaluated in comparison with commercial stainless steel 316L. Microstructures and mechanical properties of them were analyzed and the electrochemical properties related to corrosion resistance were measured such as pitting potential, passive current density, and corrosion rates from Tafel analysis. Critical pitting temperatures were measured in accordance with ASTM G48E method. The pitting initiation time and lifetime for replacement were predicted from the PRE values of test alloys and empirical equations that have been formulated from the condenser tubes of a nuclear power plant.

Crevice corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking of high-strength duplex stainless steels in simulated concrete pore solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Moser ◽  
Preet M. Singh ◽  
Lawrence F. Kahn ◽  
Kimberly E. Kurtis ◽  
David González Niño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking

scholarly journals Characterization of the hot cracking resistance using the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF): application to duplex stainless steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilhem Martin ◽  
Muriel Veron ◽  
Yves Brechet ◽  
Bechir Chehab ◽  
Richard Fourmentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Work Of Fracture

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) involve two ductile phases, i.e. ferrite and austenite, with a proportion of each phase around 50%. The main advantage in comparison with other austenitic and ferritic stainless steels is the excellent combination of high strength and corrosion resistance together with good formability and weldability. Unfortunately, DSS present in general a poor hot workability. Standard hot ductility tests like hot tensile or hot torsion tests are always helpful to compare the fracture resistance of two very ductile materials. A new method based on the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept has been used in order to determine the hot cracking resistance. The EWF concept was introduced to address ductile fracture based on the entire load-displacement response up to the complete fracture of a specimen and not from the initiation measurements such as in classical fracture mechanics concepts. The aim of the method consists in separating, based on dimensional considerations, the work performed within the plastic zone from the total work of fracture in order to provide an estimate of the work spent per unit area within the fracture process zone to break the material. This method proved to be very well adapted to high temperature cracking. Two different duplex stainless steels have been characterized by the essential work of fracture method. Examination of the fracture micrographs and profiles match the EWF results. This method turns out to be a discriminating tool for quantifying hot cracking and to generate a physically relevant fracture index to guide the optimization of microstructures towards successful forming operations.

Duplex Stainless Steels: The Versatile Alloys

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3403 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-510
Author(s):  
Roger Francis
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy

Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the invention of argon oxygen decarburization melting and the addition of nitrogen that made the alloys stronger, more weldable, and more corrosion resistant. Today, there is a family of duplex stainless steels covering a range of compositions and properties, but they all share high strength and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking, compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. This paper briefly reviews the range of modern duplex stainless steels and why they are widely used in many industries. They are the workhorse corrosion-resistant alloy in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, their use in three industries common in Australia and New Zealand is reviewed: oil and gas, mineral processing, and desalination. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is reviewed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries.

scholarly journals Effects of low temperature aging on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex and lean duplex stainless steels UNS S32205 and UNS S32304

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Gabriel Wasserman ◽  
Sergio Souto Maior Tavares ◽  
Juan Manuel Pardal ◽  
Fernando Benedicto Mainier ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Critical Pitting Temperature

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) with austenite-ferrite microstructure are high strength and corrosion resistant steels frequently used as pipes and accessories in chemical/petrochemical on/and off-shore industries. Low temperature heat treatments (400-475ºC) may increase the hardness and wear resistance of duplex steels, due to a spinodal decomposition reaction of the ferrite, whose small particles α' precipitate in the matrix. In this work, several heat treatments at 400ºC and 475ºC with short duration (<24h) were performed on UNS S32304 and UNS S32205 grades. The kinetics of a' precipitation was studied by hardness measurements. Tensile tests were also carried out for some heat treatment conditions to evaluate the effect of the aging on the ductility of both grades. The hardening of duplex UNS S32205 was more intense than that of UNS S32304, although both steels have shown an interesting increase in tensile strength. Specimens of duplex steel heat treated at 475ºC for 4 h and 8 did not show any detectable decrease of corrosion resistance in anodic polarization and critical pitting temperature tests were carried out in NaCl media.

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