How do green and black coffee brews and bioactive interaction with gut microbiome affect its health outcomes? Mining evidence from mechanistic studies, metagenomics and clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Martin von Bergen ◽  
Basma M. Saleh ◽  
Masun Nabha Homsi ◽  
Mohamed S. Abd El-Al
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Coffee Brews

Minimal Modeling Approaches to Value of Information Analysis for Health Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Meltzer ◽  
Ties Hoomans ◽  
Jeannette W. Chung ◽  
Anirban Basu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Analytic Models

Value of information (VOI) techniques can provide estimates of the expected benefits from clinical research studies that can inform decisions about the design and priority of those studies. Most VOI studies use decision-analytic models to characterize the uncertainty of the effects of interventions on health outcomes, but the complexity of constructing such models can pose barriers to some practical applications of VOI. However, because some clinical studies can directly characterize uncertainty in health outcomes, it may sometimes be possible to perform VOI analysis with only minimal modeling. This article 1) develops a framework to define and classify minimal modeling approaches to VOI, 2) reviews existing VOI studies that apply minimal modeling approaches, and 3) illustrates and discusses the application of the minimal modeling to two new clinical applications to which the approach appears well suited because clinical trials with comprehensive outcomes provide preliminary estimates of the uncertainty in outcomes. We conclude that minimal modeling approaches to VOI can be readily applied to in some instances to estimate the expected benefits of clinical research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigar ◽  
Myers ◽  
Oliver ◽  
Arellano ◽  
Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Organic Food Consumption

The current review aims to systematically assess the evidence related to human health outcomes when an organic diet is consumed in comparison to its conventional counterpart. Relevant databases were searched for articles published to January 2019. Clinical trials and observational research studies were included where they provided comparative results on direct or indirect health outcomes. Thirty-five papers met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Few clinical trials assessed direct improvements in health outcomes associated with organic food consumption; most assessed either differences in pesticide exposure or other indirect measures. Significant positive outcomes were seen in longitudinal studies where increased organic intake was associated with reduced incidence of infertility, birth defects, allergic sensitisation, otitis media, pre-eclampsia, metabolic syndrome, high BMI, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The current evidence base does not allow a definitive statement on the health benefits of organic dietary intake. However, a growing number of important findings are being reported from observational research linking demonstrable health benefits with organic food consumption. Future clinical research should focus on using long-term whole-diet substitution with certified organic interventions as this approach is more likely to determine whether or not true measurable health benefits exist.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action for HDAC Inhibitors—Insights from Omics Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Strict Specificity

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are a class of prominent epigenetic drugs that are currently being tested in hundreds of clinical trials against a variety of diseases. A few compounds have already been approved for treating lymphoma or myeloma. HDIs bind to the zinc-containing catalytic domain of the histone deacetylase (HDACs) and they repress the deacetylase enzymatic activity. The broad therapeutic effect of HDIs with seemingly low toxicity is somewhat puzzling when considering that most HDIs lack strict specificity toward any individual HDAC and, even if they do, each individual HDAC has diverse functions under different physiology scenarios. Here, we review recent mechanistic studies using omics approaches, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and chemoproteomics, methods. These omics studies provide non-biased insights into the mechanism of action for HDIs.

scholarly journals Reintroducing B. infantis to the cesarean-born neonate: an ecologically sound alternative to “vaginal seeding”

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebbeca M Duar ◽  
David Kyle ◽  
Rachel M Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome

ABSTRACT There is a burgeoning literature highlighting differences in health outcomes between babies born vaginally and by caesarean section (c-section) This has led to the suggestion that infants born by c-section may benefit from vaginal swabbing/seeding. Here, we discuss from an ecological perspective that it is gut-adapted, not vagina-adapted microbes that are likely to take up residence in the gut and have the most beneficial impact on the developing neonate. Further, we caution the practice of ‘vaginal seeding’ may be potentially unsafe and also give parents and health professionals a false sense of action in restoring the infant gut microbiome following c-section. Instead, we argue that restoring B. longum subsp. infantis, which has evolved to colonize the infant gut, is a safe and ecologically-sound approach to restoring the gut microbiome of infants born by c-section.

scholarly journals The Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Dogs Assessed Using Metagenomic Sequencing: A Randomized Control Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1591-1591
Author(s):  
Jirayu Tanprasertsuk ◽  
Justin Shmalberg ◽  
Aashish Jha ◽  
LeeAnn Perry ◽  
Ryan Honaker
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract Objectives Dogs share similar gut microbiome (GM) with humans, making them a great model for investigating the effects of probiotics (PR) on GM and health. This randomized control trial examined changes in MB and health outcomes in household dogs after PR supplementation. Methods All dogs recruited were fed human grade cooked food ≥ 1 mo, not fed any cultured food, PR, prebiotics, or on antibiotics ≥ 3 mo, and absent of major diseases. Dogs were randomized to receive a daily dose of PR (20 billion CFU of L. reuteri, P. acidilactici, E. faecium, L. acidophilus, B. animalis, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus) or placebo (PL) for 4 weeks. Owners completed a health survey and collected stool samples at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention in both groups. Additional stool samples were collected 2 weeks after stopping the PR in the PR group. GM profiling was performed with metagenomic sequencing. Results Twenty three dogs in the PR and 19 dogs in the PL group completed the trial (5.6 ± 3.0 y, 69% male). PR had no effect on α-diversity. As compared to baseline, changes in β-diversity at the species level in 4.3% of GM were significantly affected by PR at week 4 (P < 0.001) but not at week 6. A significant increase (adj P < 0.01) for ≥ 2-fold in abundance was observed at week 4 as compared to baseline for 41 bacterial taxa, 29 (71%) of which belong in the Lactobacillus genus. The abundance of E. coli also decreased at week 4 in the PR group (2.8 folds, adj P < 0.01). The abundance of these taxa returned to baseline at week 6. Such changes in diversity or abundance were not observed with PL. Dogs fed PR tended to be at a lower risk of diarrhea during the trial (0% vs 16%, P = 0.08). No change in other health outcomes was observed. Conclusions Oral PR supplementation has a small but significant effect on GM in healthy dogs. Findings warrant further investigation with longer duration in populations at a higher risk of gastrointestinal diseases. Funding Sources NomNomNow Inc.

Formula Supplementation of the Breastfed Infant: Assault on the Gut Microbiome

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Although formula supplementation is well known to have detrimental effects on the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, on the maternal milk production, and on the health outcomes of mothers and infants, there are immediate and long-lasting effects on the infant’s gut microbiome. Breast milk is an important element modulating the metabolic and immunological programming relative to a child’s health. An unfavorable or abnormal microbial colonization during early life interferes with many functions in the gut and facilitates invasion of pathogens and foreign or harmful antigens. Alterations of the gut environment (such as from supplementation with formula) are directly responsible for mucosal inflammation and disease, autoimmunity conditions, and allergic disorders in childhood and adulthood. Clinicians and parents will benefit from knowledge of this side effect of formula supplementation.

scholarly journals Black Tea Flavonoids: A Focus on Thearubigins and their Potential Roles in Diet & Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bond JT ◽  
Derbyshire JE
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Specific Health

The potential health benefits of black tea are well documented but the specific roles of thearubigins are less widely published. We undertook a review to identify human observational studies and laboratory studies investigating inter-relationships between thearubigin intakes and health. Twenty-two publications were identified-five observational studies and 17 laboratory/mechanistic studies. Evidence from observational studies demonstrates that black tea is a major dietary provider of thearubigins, with reported intakes of 327 mg/d in the UK, a nation of tea drinkers but lower in Europe (156 mg/d). A growing body of evidence (from laboratory/cell studies) signifies that thearubigins could have potential health roles, including antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticancer properties, along with the ability to reduce inflammation and improve gastrointestinal motility. Well-designed human trials are now needed to further investigate thearubigin intakes from dietary sources in relation to specific health outcomes.

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