Mixture toxicity of methylisothiazolinone and propylene glycol on the skin irritation tested by human 3D skin model, EpiDerm™

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. S189-S190
Author(s):  
K. Park ◽  
J. Park ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
3D Skin

Basic Red 51, a permitted semi-permanent hair dye, is cytotoxic to human skin cells: Studies in monolayer and 3D skin model using human keratinocytes (HaCaT)

2014 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalita B. Zanoni ◽  
Manoela Tiago ◽  
Fernanda Faião-Flores ◽  
Silvia B. de Moraes Barros ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Human Skin Cells ◽  
3D Skin

Generation of a plant polypeptide library and screening with a 3D skin model

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. A111-A111
Author(s):  
I. Horan ◽  
A.M. O'Brien ◽  
P.T. Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Skin Model ◽  
3D Skin

scholarly journals Nrf2 Overexpression for the Protective Effect of Skin-Derived Precursors against UV-Induced Damage: Evidence from a Three-Dimensional Skin Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehai Xian ◽  
Xia Xiong ◽  
Jixiang Xu ◽  
Li Xian ◽  
Qirong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Protective Genes ◽  
3D Skin

Background. Skin photodamage is associated with ultraviolet- (UV-) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inactivation. In our previous study, skin-derived precursors (SKPs) were shown to ameliorate a UV-induced damage in mice, probably through Nrf2 activation and ROS scavenging. Objective. To clarify the mechanism underlying the photoprotective effect of SKPs against UV-induced damage in a three-dimensional (3D) skin model. Methods. The Nrf2 gene in SKPs was modified using lentiviral infection, and 3D skin models were reconstructed with keratinocytes and fibroblasts on the basis of type I collagen. Subsequently, these models were divided into the following six groups: normal, model, overexpressed, control, silenced, and negative control groups. Prior to irradiation, respective SKPs were injected into the last four groups. Next, all groups except the normal group were exposed to UVA+UVB. Lastly, the pathological and molecular-biological techniques were employed to determine the parameters. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, was used to investigate the roles of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in SKP photoprotection. Results. Normal 3D skin models appeared as milky-white analogs with a clear, well-arranged histological structure. After the skin was exposed to irradiation, it exhibited cell swelling and a disorganized structure and developed nuclear condensation with numerous apoptotic cells. The expressions of cellular protective genes and Nrf2/HO-1/PI3K/Akt proteins remarkably decreased, which were accompanied by increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants (P<0.05). However, these phenomena were reversed by nrf2-overexpressing SKPs. The 3D skin in the overexpressed group showed mild swelling, neatly arranged cells, and few apoptotic cells. Cellular protective genes and Nrf2/HO-1/PI3K/Akt proteins were highly expressed, and the oxidative biomarkers were remarkably ameliorated (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of these proteins decreased after LY294002 pretreatment regardless of SKP treatment or not. Meanwhile, there were increases in both UV-induced apoptotic cells and ROS level accompanied with SOD and GPX decrease in the presence of LY294002. Conclusions. Evidence from the 3D skin model demonstrates that the protection of SKPs against UV-mediated damage is primarily via the PI3K/Akt-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, indicating that SKPs may be a promising candidate for the treatment of photodermatoses.

Propylene Glycol Toxicity in a Pediatric Patient: The Dangers of Diluents

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O'Donnell ◽  
Sue Lyon Mertl ◽  
William N. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Competitive Interference ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Child Subject

This report will present a case of neonatal propylene glycol poisoning from the use of intravenous lorazepam and also discuss the toxicity of diluents in general. Although used as a diluent in many pharmaceuticals and generally considered safe, propylene glycol can cause serious side effects: hyperosmolality in burn victims due to silver sulfadiazine products containing propylene glycol and in premature babies due to particular multivitamin preparations, irreversible perception deafness, skin irritation, high anion gap acidosis due to elevated lactate levels, and reversible neurological disturbances. Toxicity caused by propylene glycol may be manifested by hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, hemolysis and hemoglobinuria, skin irritation, deafness, and other neurological disturbances.1 Historically, the toxicity of diluents played an important role in the development of toxicity testing before the release of new drugs. The topic is current, as evidenced by the Important Drug Warning letter recently issued by Glaxo Wellcome, the manufacturer of Agenerase, warning about the toxicities and drug interactions associated with the propylene glycol diluent in the oral solution, as well as by competitive interference with the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme pathway. This report and discussion is included in the Forensic Pharmacist issue because the case investigation arose out of retention of one of the authors (O'Donnell) as an expert witness and consultant on behalf of the child/subject of the case report.

4C-4 B-Mode and C-Mode Imaging of Regenerated 3D Skin Model with 100 MHz Ultrasound

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Saijo ◽  
Y. Hagiwara ◽  
K. Kobayashi ◽  
N. Okada ◽  
A. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Model ◽  
3D Skin

5 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol Stearate and Propylene Glycol Stearate Self-Emulsifying

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Available Information

Propylene Glycol Stearates (PGS) are a mixture of the mono- and diesters of triple-pressed stearic acid and propylene glycol and are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products. Studies with 14C-labeled PGS show that it is readily metabolized following ingestion. In rats, the acute oral LD50 has been shown to be approximately 25.8 g/kg. The raw ingredient produced no significant dermal toxicity, skin irritation, or eye irritation in acute tests with rabbits. Subchronic animal studies produced no evidence of oral or dermal toxicity. Propylene glycol monostea-rate was negative in in vitro microbial assays for mutagenicity. In clinical studies, PGS produced no significant skin irritation at concentrations up to 55% nor skin sensitization on formulations containing 2.5%. Photo-contact allergenicity tests on product formulations containing 1.5% PGS were negative. From the available information, it is concluded that Propylene Glycol Stearates are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use.

scholarly journals 3D skin model to investigate the early epidermal morphological psoriatic features

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donetti E ◽  
Lombardo G ◽  
Baruffaldi Preis F ◽  
Cornaghi L ◽  
Pescitelli L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Model ◽  
3D Skin

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol (PG) Dicaprylate, PG Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, PG Dicocoate, PG Dipelargonate, PG Isostearate, PG Laurate, PG Myristate, PG Oleate, PG Oleate SE, PG Dioleate, PG Dicaprate, PG Diisostearate, and PG Dilaurate

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Safety Assessments

The Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate family of ingredients includes several esters and diesters of Propylene Glycol and fatty acids. These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as skin conditioning agents, viscosity increasing agents, and surfactants. Two skin irritation studies (minimal to no irritation) and a comedogenicity study (insignificant comedogen) on Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and a skin irritation study (slight) and an acute oral toxicity study (nontoxic) on Propylene Glycol Laurate were available. Available data were also found indicating that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Because of the ability of these Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters to enhance penetration of other agents, it was recommended that care be taken in using these and other Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters in cosmetic products. Previous Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments of related ingredients, including Polyethylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol Stearate, Coconut Oils and Acids, Isostearic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, were summarized. Included were mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitization data. Based in part on the limited data available on the ingredients included in the report, but more so on the previous reviews of chemically similar moieties, it was concluded that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are safe for use as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the 3D Skin Model: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Laviola Sanches ◽  
Luths Raquel de Oliveira Geaquinto ◽  
Rebecca Cruz ◽  
Desirée Cigaran Schuck ◽  
Márcio Lorencini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
3D Skin
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