Results of the safety evaluation of cancer vaccines dealing with novel targets for cancer immunotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. S151-S152
Author(s):  
A. Mancebo ◽  
A.M. Bada ◽  
A. Casacó ◽  
B. González ◽  
A. León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Novel Targets

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2495
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Matsuo ◽  
Osamu Yoshie ◽  
Kosuke Kitahata ◽  
Momo Kamei ◽  
Yuta Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Cancer immunotherapy aims to treat cancer by enhancing cancer-specific host immune responses. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has been attracting much attention because of the successful clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. However, although highly effective in some patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors are beneficial only in a limited fraction of patients, possibly because of the lack of enough cancer-specific immune cells, especially CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), in the host. On the other hand, studies on cancer vaccines, especially DC-based ones, have made significant progress in recent years. In particular, the identification and characterization of cross-presenting DCs have greatly advanced the strategy for the development of effective DC-based vaccines. In this review, we first summarize the surface markers and functional properties of the five major DC subsets. We then describe new approaches to induce antigen-specific CTLs by targeted delivery of antigens to cross-presenting DCs. In this context, the chemokine receptor XCR1 and its ligand XCL1, being selectively expressed by cross-presenting DCs and mainly produced by activated CD8+ T cells, respectively, provide highly promising molecular tools for this purpose. In the near future, CTL-inducing DC-based cancer vaccines may provide a new breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Tumor Microenvironment-Triggered In-Situ Cancer Vaccines with Dual Immunogenic Cell Death Inductions for Elevated Antitumor and Antimetastatic Therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lin ◽  
Binbin Ding ◽  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Meifang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer vaccine is to make tumor-specific antigens into vaccines, which then are injected back into the body to activate immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the high specificity and therapeutic...

scholarly journals Identification of two HLA-A*0201 immunogenic epitopes of lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC): potential novel targets for cancer immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy Thomas ◽  
Hibah Shaath ◽  
Adviti Naik ◽  
Salman M. Toor ◽  
Eyad Elkord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase C ◽  
Novel Targets

scholarly journals HLA-A2-restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes from Human Hepsin as Novel Targets for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guo ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
X.-B. Cao ◽  
Q.-Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Novel Targets

Biogenic particles can be multiantigenic, immunostimulative and activate innate immunity while suppressing tumor development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Biogenic Nanoparticles

Cancer immunotherapy, which attempts to activate or stimulate the immune system to treat cancer, has become the standard of treatment. Although some cancer vaccines are efficiently translated, they have not yet reached the same degree of success as infectious disease immunizations. A primary factor is the low immunogenicity of the tumor and related antigens. Unlike viruses, cancer cells emerge from somatic mutations in patients' healthy tissues, making it harder for the immune system to properly detect tumor cells. Biogenic nanoparticles have recently been highlighted as a solution to address some of the issues with creating anticancer vaccinations. Antigens, medication delivery, and others all benefit from biogenic nanoparticles. Biogenic nanoparticles have long been researched as a vaccine. Biogenic nanoparticles-based platforms, like particular VLPs, inherently activate inflammatory responses and may be increased with TAAs evaluated for antigen-specific antitumor responses to patient malignancies. OMVs and OMV-coated nanoparticles can be multiantigenic and immunostimulative in the box. PAMPs present in OMVs can activate innate immunity while suppressing tumor development. A range of cells, including immune and malignant cells, produce exosomes and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes may contain interesting materials such as specific drugs, proteins, DNA, and RNA species, and their function depends on host cells. In cancer vaccines, however, these biogenic nanoparticles still have some limitations. Transferring tumor antigens and adjuvants to the secondary lymphoid system is a critical issue for biogenic nanoparticles. OMVs lack tumor antigens. Adjuvants are low in VLPs and exosomes. Furthermore, enhancing the protective response of biogenic nanoparticles, generating protective antigens in these nanoparticles and reducing the toxicity of nanoparticles are all challenges in cancer immunotherapy. There has been a lot of information regarding biogenic nanoparticles created by a variety of bacteria or cells in the area of bacterial vesicle research for a long time, but there has been a dearth of in-depth study focused on identifying molecules crucial to biogenesis or biogenic nanoparticles. Many basic questions remain unanswered here. Which envelope factors release biogenic nanoparticles? What signals and mechanisms regulate biogenic biogenic nanoparticles? Understanding these and other concepts as a cancer immunotherapy delivery technique is vital for the future development of biogenic nanoparticles. Future investigations are anticipated to begin to address these fundamental issues and increase our knowledge.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes as a Vector for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Understanding and Progress

Vaccines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flickinger ◽  
Ulrich Rodeck ◽  
Adam Snook
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Current State ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic

Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, is becoming a popular vector for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, multiple vaccines have been developed utilizing modified Listeria as a tool for generating immune responses against a variety of cancers. Moreover, over a dozen clinical trials testing Listeria cancer vaccines are currently underway, which will help to understand the utility of Listeria vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize current views on how Listeria-based vaccines induce potent antitumor immunity and the current state of Listeria-based cancer vaccines in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Zhou ◽  
Shao-Cong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
Advanced Malignancies ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Made In

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.

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