Infrastructure requirement for autonomous vehicle integration for future urban and suburban roads – Current practice and a case study of Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Hesavar Manivasakan ◽  
Riddhi Kalra ◽  
Steve O'Hern ◽  
Yihai Fang ◽  
Yinfei Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle

Complete Accessibility of Oscillations in Robotic Systems by Orthogonal Projections

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Tosunoglu ◽  
Shyng-Her Lin ◽  
Delbert Tesar
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Small Oscillations ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Driven System ◽  
System Equations ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

The current practice of controller development for flexible robotic systems generally focuses on one-link robotic arms and is valid for small oscillations. This work addresses the control of n-link, serial, spatial robotic systems modeled with m1 joint and m2 link flexibilities such that n≥m1+m2. System compliance is modeled by local springs and nonactuated prismatic and revolute type pseudo joints. The coupled, nonlinear, error-driven system equations are derived for the complete model without linearization or neglecting certain terms. For this system, the complete accessibility of vibrations is studied by orthogonal projections. It is shown that under some configurations of a robotic system, the induced oscillations may not be accessible to the controller. Given accessibility, the controller developed in this work assures the global asymptotic stability of the system. Example numerical simulations are presented based on the model of a six-degree-of-freedom Cincinnati Milacron T3-776 industrial robot. One example models the system compliance in four joints, while another case study simulates four lateral link oscillations. These examples show that this controller, even under inaccurate payload description, eliminates the oscillations while tracking desired trajectories.

scholarly journals Interpreting Traditional Cost Contingency Methods in the Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Donn ◽  
Alexis Dykman ◽  
Nilesh Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Journal Paper

This research investigates how contingency is currently calculated in project budgets within the building industry. This is an important aspect to consider as a large proportion of construction projects are significantly over-budget. The study presents three non-simulation methods and one simulation method for calculating cost contingency following the results of a forthcoming journal paper. These methods are applied against a case study project in attempt to highlight the most reliable method, and to create a methodology that will be useful to the industry. This paper identifies that the traditional fixed percentage approach is not sufficient and suggests that this could be one of the main reasons why construction projects are over budget. While it is unclear which method is the most reliable, this study provides a focus for future research into reliability and utilisation of contingency methods in the building industry. The research demonstrates that current practice needs to change to reduce the large number of construction projects that run over budget.

scholarly journals Clinical waste management under COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095970
Author(s):  
P Agamuthu ◽  
Jayanthi Barasarathi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Standard Operating

Malaysia recorded 8904 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and 124 deaths as of 27 July 2020. Globally, everyday there are thousands of new cases of COVID-19 being recorded. Due to the high number of infections globally and nationwide the increase in the amount of clinical waste (CW) generation was expected. Malaysia has reported a 27% (by weight) increase in the generation of CW which was mostly attributed to COVID-19 related waste. This article presents the impacts of COVID-19 in waste generation, policy and regulation of CW management (CWM) in Malaysia and a case study on the CWM at a selected hospital used as a COVID-19 focal point. The current practice of CWM due to COVID-19 related cases follows the existing policy and legislation of CWM detailed in the Schedule Waste Regulation (2005), Environmental Quality Act, 1974, and with the standard operating procedure provided by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The case study conducted through survey and questionnaire interviews revealed that the CWM in government hospitals followed existing guidelines for CWM for COVID-19 waste, with some additional precautions and rules by the waste management contractors.

scholarly journals Heuristics Algorithms for a Heterogeneous Fleets VRP with Excessive Demand for the Vehicle at the Pickup Points, and the Longest Traveling Time Constraint: A Case Study in Prasitsuksa Songkloe, Ubonratchathani Thailand

Logistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasitorn Kaewman ◽  
Raknoi Akararungruangkul
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Time Constraint ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
De Algorithm ◽  
Excessive Demand ◽  
Special Case

This paper presents a methodology to solve a special case of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) called the heterogeneous fleets VRP with excessive demand of the vehicle at the pickup points, and the longest time constraint (HFVRP-EXDE-LTC). We developed two metaheuristics—a differential evolution (DE) algorithm and an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS)—to solve the problem. These two proposed methods have been designed to effectively solve a special case of VRP. From the computational results, we can see that the proposed heuristics outperformed the best practices that are currently in use. The DE yielded a 9.78% lower cost than that of the current practice (757,250 baht per year), while ALNS generated a 10.89% (906,750 baht per year) lower cost than that of current practice. Comparing the proposed heuristics, ALNS achieved a 1.01% lower cost than that of DE, as ALNS had a better mechanism that was designed to escape from the local optimal.

Social distancing in a social therapy environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Geraldine Ann Akerman ◽  
Emily Jones ◽  
Harry Talbot ◽  
Gemma Grahame-Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Social Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Emotional Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a prison-based therapeutic community (TC). Design/methodology/approach The paper takes the form of a case study where the authors reflect on their current practice, using the findings of research on social isolation and the overarching TC principles to explore the effect of the pandemic on the TC at HMP Grendon. The authors consider how the residents and staff adjusted to the change as the parameters changed when the social distancing rules were imposed and how they adapted to the prolonged break to therapy. Sections in the paper were written by a resident and an operational member of staff. The authors conclude with their thoughts on how to manage the consequences the lockdown has brought and start to think about what returning to “normality” might mean. Findings The paper describes the adjustments made by the residents and staff as the UK Government imposed the lockdown. The authors, including a resident and an operational member of staff comment on the psychological and practical impact these adjustments had. The thought is given to the idea of “recovery”, returning to “normality” and how this study can be best managed once restrictions are lifted. Research limitations/implications At the time of writing, there are no confirmed cases of COVID-19 at HMP Grendon. The measures and commitment from all staff and residents in the prison to keep the prison environment safe may in part account for this. This paper explores the effects of lockdown on the emotional environment in a TC and highlights the consequences that social isolation can have on any individual. To the authors’ knowledge, there is currently no research undertaken on the impact of lockdown/social isolation on a TC. This research would be useful, as the authors postulate from reflections on current practice that the effects of the lockdown will be greater in a social therapy environment. Originality/value HMP Grendon started in 1962, as this time there have been no significant events that have meant the suspension of therapy for such a sustained period. It is, therefore, important that the impact of such is considered and reflected upon.

scholarly journals From Invention Disclosures to Innovation - Challenges in Transforming Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Senni Kirjavainen ◽  
Tua A. Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Collaborative Culture ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Change Efforts

AbstractAdopting design thinking and innovation-oriented approaches in organizations is crucial but not always simple. New practices of collaboration, user-orientedness and exploration require a compatible culture to be successfully integrated into product development. This paper presents a case study based on 12 interviews of employees and managers in a large Finland-based technology company, introducing new ways of working to product development. Silos, focusing on inventions, and a lack of resources for exploration were highlighted as key challenges in transitioning from incremental development to innovations. Perhaps counterintuitively, introducing new ways of working requiring a collaborative culture - the most widely recognized shortcoming in the current practice in the case - were best received, and support and feedback could be found for pilot projects in these arenas. When the gap between the practice and culture was smaller, change efforts could perhaps be more challenging, as there was less of a consensus on a need to change. The results suggest than developers need not automatically shy away from piloting new ways of working even when existing cultures are not compatible.

The Australian Approach to Residential Footing Design on Expansive Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
An Nan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Movements

Expansive soils in semi-arid regions are of great concern to design and geotechnical engineers. Damage to residential buildings resulting from expansive soil movements has been widely reported in Australia. This paper describes the current practice in Australia, which includes the site classification, laboratory tests and residential footing design. A case study of a residential house damaged by expansive soils is also presented.

Active steering control for autonomous vehicles based on a driver-in-the-loop platform: A case study of collision avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422-1437
Author(s):  
Keji Chen ◽  
Xiaofei Pei ◽  
Daoyuan Sun ◽  
Zhenfu Chen ◽  
Xuexun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Active Steering ◽  
Active Steering Control

Leveraging the advancements in sensor and mapping technologies, the collision-free autonomous vehicle becomes possible in the future. In this article, a case study of collision avoidance by active steering control is presented and verified by a driver-in-the-loop platform. The proposed control system integrates a risk assessment algorithm and a hierarchical model predictive control approach to ensure a safe driving. First, a fuzzy logic is used to estimate the potential conflict. Besides, a nonlinear model predictive control is introduced in the upper layer of the model predictive controller to generate a collision-free trajectory. Furthermore, the lower layer determines the optimal steering angle based on the linear time-variant model predictive control to follow the replanning path. The performance of the controller has been evaluated in the real-time driver-in-the-loop test. The results show that the autonomous vehicle is able to avoid the collision with the surrounding vehicle that is operated by a real driver, and the performance of collision avoidance is improved by means of the risk assessment.

scholarly journals Service-Sales Ambidexterity: Evidence, Practice, and Opportunities for Future Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko de Ruyter ◽  
Debbie Isobel Keeling ◽  
Ting Yu
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Structural Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
Effective Service

Aligning the service-sales interface within and beyond organizational boundaries is worthwhile, yet many firms are not reaping the rewards of such practice. The managerial need for in-depth insights into the blending of selling and service delivery could be better informed through resolution of current open theoretical debates. This position article extends the current knowledge base on the service-sales interface in three ways. First, we offer a synopsis of current scholarly progress on blending service delivery with sales and identify contextual conditions that foster effective service-sales ambidexterity. Second, turning to current practice, we use an empirical case study to demonstrate how a multinational company strategically deploys online learning to bridge structural knowledge and skills gaps within its reseller network to build ambidextrous capacity in the channel and support solution selling. Complementing this human learning approach, we also explore recent advances in machine learning and their impact on the service-sales interface. Third, we blend these academic and practice perspectives to offer a service-sales interface agenda that identifies directions for future research in terms of both the theoretical development of ambidexterity and defining the effective blending of technologies at the service-sales interface that enables ambidexterity in practice.

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