Male drivers speed choice in Iran in relation to driver and front passenger characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tavakoli Kashani ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Anvari ◽  
Ahmad Mohammadian
Keyword(s):  
Front Passenger

Design and Analysis of Automotive Instrument Panel

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Akmal Haniffah ◽  
Mohamad Fazrul Zakaria ◽  
Tan Kean Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Instrument Panel ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Front Passenger

This study presents the automotive instrument panel (IP) design in order to improve the quality, cost, and safety of the existing design. A few conceptual designs were generated based on safety aspect and ergonomic design. The most suitable design was selected using concepts scoring. The IP head impact simulation was conducted using finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the head injury criterion (HIC) value of the front passenger in vehicle according to ECE-R21 regulation. The finite element (FE) model, which consist of upper IP, lower IP, carrier structure and head-form, was built-up to carry out head impact analysis of the IP assembly. The optimum IP design was proposed by analysis of different materials, which are 20% talc filled rubber modified polypropylene (PP+EPDM-TD20), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer, and polypropylene (PP) copolymer. The HIC value for all IP was compared using simulation result and theoretical calculation. The lowest HIC value will reduce the head occupant injury. In this study, only the raw material cost was considered in cost evaluation. The IP from ABS polymer performed the lowest HIC value, which were 179.7 but very costly compare to other materials.

scholarly journals Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Vitalii Zozulia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Null Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Class D ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint

Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.

Development of Prediction Method for Wind Noise Caused by Airflow Around Front Pillar

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Okutsu ◽  
Naoki Hamamoto ◽  
Robert Powell ◽  
Long Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Wind Noise ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Head Area

To control high frequency wind noise upper than 1 kHz is important to ensure the comfort for a driver and passengers when vehicles cruise at high speed. Therefore the prediction method for high frequency wind noise inside a cabin has been required for development of a vehicle. This paper describes about the prediction method for high frequency wind noise from numerical simulation results. In this study, wind noise caused by airflow around a front pillar is predicted. We have predicted wind noise by visualizing noise sources and pressure fluctuation on vehicle surfaces in recent years. Although an inferior-to-superior relationship can be predicted from these results, it was difficult to estimate quantitative interior noise level. In this research, the SEA code is examined to predict such noise level. The SEA code has confirmed showing a qualitative and almost quantitative consistency of measured and calculated SPL at the head area of a front passenger seat.

scholarly journals Protection for Thorax Injury Severity in 90° Lateral Collision

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kallieris ◽  
Frank Boggasch ◽  
Rainer Mattern
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

The thoracic trauma index (TTI) and the viscous criterion (VC) are injury criteria intended for the prediction of torso injury severity. The criteria were assessed in two series of experiments: 90° (lateral) car to car collisions and controlled left trunk impacts against either a rigid or padded wall. Forty-two belt restrained human cadavers in the age range 18–65 years, located in the near-side front passenger seat, were used. The impact velocity was between 40 and 60 km/h. Left and right side impacts were simulated using standard or modified car side structures. With the second series of experiments, the left side of each subject was impacted under one of two different test conditions: 24 km/h rigid wall or 32 km/h padded wall. The thorax deformation was evaluated through the double integration of the accelerated difference at the fourth and eight ribs, near and far side. Deformation maxima of 6–138 mm (mean 69 mm), VC values of 0.3–4.7 m/s (mean 1.6 m/s), and TTI values of 85–252 (mean 63) occurred. Torso abbreviated injury severity (AIS) values were between 0 and 5. Statistical analyses showed a stronger influence of age on injury severity than the injury criteria or biomechanical responses in the two series of experiments. The TTI showed the highest correlation with thoracic AIS and the number of rib fractures, while VC was the better predictor of abdominal AIS. The results are discussed critically and the strength and robustness of the injury criteria analyzed.

Age Differences in Visual Abilities in Nighttime Driving Field Conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Chrysler ◽  
Suzanne M. Danielson ◽  
Virginia M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Nighttime Driving

This study was conducted to provide field data on age differences in sign legibility and object detection. Two age groups of healthy drivers with normal vision were tested for nighttime visual ability. The older group had an average age of 65.6 years and the younger group averaged 22.5 years. The field study was conducted on a private road with the subjects seated in the front passenger seat. Subjects performed a Landolt ring legibility task for four types of signs; positive and negative contrast, new and worn material. Subjects also performed object detection tasks using a small object and a pedestrian target appearing in average and low reflectance. In addition, sign legibility and object detection were completed for some trials using a simulated inclement weather visor to create a worst-case scenario. The object detection task was also completed in the presence of glare from oncoming headlamps. Results showed that older driver's legibility distances were 65% those of the younger drivers. Age differences in the object detection task ranged from a 20% to a 45% reduction for older drivers across visibility conditions.

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