scholarly journals Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Vitalii Zozulia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Null Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Class D ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint

Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of damages of drivers and passengers in cars of class D in a side impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. Zozulya
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Class D ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
The Right

Aim of the study - to establish features of damage of the driver and the passenger in salon of the car of a class D at side collision. Material and methods. Cases of road accidents were analyzed from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine. Side impact (right and left) with the fatal outcome of the driver and front passenger of class D cars were considered in the case of an automobile injury. We used general scientific and special methods, namely system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. Additionally, a forensic examination of the damage was carried out. Statistical analysis included primary data processing using descriptive statistics and testing the null hypothesis by multivariate analysis.Results. We identified characteristics of damage to the driver and passenger in a side impact. They were different and characterized by dependence on the right or left side of the collision.Conclusions. The resulting set of injuries witch characterize a driver or passenger of class D cars in left and right impact can be used to identify them in a forensic medical examination.

scholarly journals C1-C2 Subluxation after Mild Cervical Spine Trauma in a Child

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Isabel Snee ◽  
Isabel Snee ◽  
Catherine A. Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Halo Traction ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cervical Spine Alignment ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint ◽  
Spine Radiographs ◽  
Halo Device

We report a case of a seven-year-old girl who presented with a “Cock-Robin” head tilt and cervical spine injury after falling from her bed. Initial cervical spine X-ray reported a fractured clavicle. However, almost four weeks later, the torticollis had not resolved. Computerized tomography (CT) of the cervical spine revealed subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint at C1-C2. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not show any spinal cord injury. Manual reduction and hard collar placement were attempted, yet C1- C2 subluxation recurred. The child was placed into halo traction and then into a halo vest. CT scan showed near complete resolution of C1-C2 subluxation. Three months later the halo device was removed, and the patient was placed in a hard cervical collar then transitioned into a soft collar over a four month period. During this time, the patient received physical therapy. Final cervical spine radiographs revealed proper cervical spine alignment and resolution of C1-C2 subluxation.

scholarly journals Investigating the Availability and Usage of Seatbelts in Malawi for Policy Review and Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Gibson Mpokonyoka Ngwira ◽  
Benjamin Bolaane ◽  
Bhagabat P. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Road Fatality ◽  
Major Factors

Road fatalities remain a major public health concern as over 1.3 million people across the world die in road accidents annually, and another 20-50 million sustain injuries. Malawi, with vehicle ownership about 437,416, has not been an exception to this, with reported fatality rates of 35 crash deaths per 100,000 population, possibly due to limited understanding of factors that contribute to such high road fatality rates. This may have resulted in implementing inappropriate and ineffective mitigation measures. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the availability, including their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, which could possibly be one of the major factors for increase in road fatalities. To establish the rates of availability, ncluding their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, primary data through survey for a sample of 1,200 vehicles were investigated. The independent ariables of data were cross tabulated with the dependent variables to establish these rates. Chi-square test was also performed to establish the significance of associations between the cross tabulated variables. The analysis found that Malawi’s drivers and assengers poorly comply with seatbelt laws. The overall seatbelt usage rate was 35.8%. In this regard, where over 90% of motor vehicles in Malawi have functional seatbelts, poor enforcement of existing seatbelt laws and awareness on the dangers of not using eatbelts could account for the low usage.

Atlanto-axial dislocation in acute rheumatic fever

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Bicknell ◽  
Wolff M. Kirsch ◽  
Robert Seigel ◽  
William Orrison
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Halo Vest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dislocation Reduction ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 10-year-old boy had a sore throat, followed in 4 weeks by acute rheumatic fever and in 6 weeks by atlanto-axial dislocation. Reduction of the dislocation by means of a halo vest relieved his pain, but the cervical spine remained unstable after 3 months of immobilization and required an occiput-C1–2 fusion and rib graft to stabilize the atlanto-axial joint. This is the eighth reported case of atlanto-axial dislocation associated with acute rheumatic fever. The features of previous cases are summarized and the clinical aspects, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of atlanto-axial dislocation are reviewed.

scholarly journals Congenital deformation of the posterior arch of the atlas: Subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint with temporary quadriplegia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1882338
Author(s):  
Tobias M Ballhause ◽  
Mirko Velickovic ◽  
Darius M Thiesen ◽  
Marc Dreimann
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
The Third ◽  
Congenital Origin ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint

Instabilities of the craniocervical junction can be of rheumatic, traumatic, or congenital origin. The reported patient has a congenital malformation of the cervical spine, which is frequently observed in patients with Klippel–Feil syndrome. Her posterior arch of the atlas (C1) is hypoplastic and a chronic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint would be possible. Although most common fusions in Klippel–Feil syndrome patients exist at C2/3, the majority of studies about Klippel–Feil syndrome deal with pediatric or adolescent individuals. Through extreme flexion of her neck, there was a compression of the spinal cord by the odontoid process. This led to a quadriplegia lasting about 10 min. Over the following weeks, all of her symptoms started to diminish. This situation turned out to be the third episode involving temporary neurological disorders in this 60-year-old female’s life.

Design of Warning Delivery Strategies in Advanced Rider Assistance Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Valtolina ◽  
Sara Vanzi ◽  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
Luca Minin ◽  
Stefano Marzani
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Delivery Strategy ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Assistance Systems

European statistics show that motorbikes road accidents are extremely high and the reduction of such accidents is one of the main concern for the European community. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems are safety electronic systems used to assist the driver in avoiding risks and road accidents, by means of warnings sent before the situation becomes critical. The use of such systems in motorcycle context is currently lacking due to numerous variables that it is necessary to consider for making sure the riding. This paper presents an innovative research for the safety improvement of Powered-Two-Wheelers (PTW) by means of the development of effective and rider-friendly interfaces and interaction elements for the on-bike assistance systems. In particular, the paper presents the experimental results on comfort and safety aspects of two advanced rider assistance systems: the Frontal Collision Warning (FCW) and the Lane Change Support (LCS). The study starts from analyzing results of motorcycle simulator tests performed in 3D Virtual Reality environments which aim is to find recursive rider’s behavior patterns in FCW and LCS situations according to different multimodal type of warnings (visual, audio and haptic). Afterward, the paper presents three different machine learning models, Hidden Markov Models, Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks, that have been considered for simulating the riders’ behavior patterns according to the reaction time needful for avoiding a front collision. These simulation behavior models enabled to design a warning delivery strategy for apprising the rider of possible dangerous situations due to front collisions. Finally, the paper describes how this warning delivery strategy has been implemented in a HMI (Human Machine Interface) installed on motorbikes. This HMI is thought to offer an effective FCW system based on an understandable but, at the same time, discreet and unobtrusive rider-friendly solution.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Recovery of Penetrating Cervical Spinal Cord Injury with Physiotherapeutic Treatment: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yao Christian Hugues Dokponou ◽  
Mamoune El Mostarchid ◽  
Housni Abderrahmane ◽  
Niamien Patrice Koffi ◽  
Miloudi Gazzaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Cord Injury

Stab wounds to the cervical spine are less common than injuries from road accidents, sports injuries, and falls. The presence of vital, vascular, neural, respiratory, and digestive structures in the neck region mean that this kind of spinal injury is generally critical, and its management is a challenge. We report a unique case of a previously healthy 17-year-old adolescent admitted for quadriplegia secondary to a stab wound to the cervical spine at the C4C5 level. There was no surgical indication. The patient underwent physiotherapy. He showed spontaneous neurological improvement two weeks later and was able to sit on his own and to walk about three months of physical rehabilitation.

P015 Imaging findings in cervical spine in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Tunisia

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Bettaieb ◽  
Hanene Ferjani ◽  
Kaouther Maatallah ◽  
Dorra Ben Nessib ◽  
Wafa Triki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limited Range Of Motion

Abstract Background Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic disease characterized by prolonged synovial inflammation that may cause structural joint damage. However, little is known about cervical spine involvement in JIA. The main objective of this study is to describe radiological findings of the cervical spine in patients with JIA. Methods We conduct a retrospective monocentric study. All JIA patients were included (ILAR criteria). Sociodemographic, JIA subtype, and clinical characteristics were collected. Disease activity at JIA diagnosis was evaluated by JADAS10 (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score) in poly and oligoarticular subtypes and by BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) in arthritis-related enthesitis form. Cervical spine radiographs including anteroposterior and lateral with flexion views were analyzed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results We included 25 patients (16 girls and 9 boys) diagnosed with JIA with a mean age at disease onset of 9.9 ± 3.9 [3–16]. The median disease duration was 36 months (IQR 25–75%; 30–84). The JIA subtypes were in decreasing order of frequency: Enthesitis-related Arthritis (n = 9), Oligoarticular (n = 6), Polyarticular RF- (n = 4), Polyarticular RF + (n = 2), Systemic (n = 2), Psoriatic Arthritis (n = 1), and Undifferentiated (n = 1). Median ESR and CRP were 17 mm/h [2–98] and 15.4 mg/l [0–56] respectively. The Median BASDAI score was 2.8 [1–6.3]. Median JADAS10 score was 5.3 [0–20]. Four patients (16%) were on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Five patients (20 %) have a cervical spine involvement with the following subtypes: Polyarticular (n = 2), enthesitisenthesitis-related arthritis (n = 2), and systemic (n = 1). Clinical manifestations were neck pain (n = 3) and limited range of motion (n = 4). Neurological examination noted brisk deep tendon reflexes (n = 6), positive Babinski reflex (n = 1) and positive Hoffmann reflex (n = 2). No patient had a neurological deficit. The conventional radiographs of the cervical spine showed: loss of cervical lordosis (n = 2), diastasis C1-C2 (n = 3), erosion of the odontoid process (n = 1), and anterior ankylosis (n = 3). Subsequent cervical spine MRI confirmed these findings and showed pannus at the craniocervical junction in one case and block vertebra of C6-C7 in another case. Atlanto-axial subluxation was anteroposterior in 3 patients and rotatory in one. Conclusion Cervical spine involvement is frequent and underestimated in JIA, and its radiological features are various. Hence, regular radiographic monitoring of the cervical spine is required to prevent the development of this complication.

Significance of Brand name in Brand Loyalty-An Empirical Study in Automobile Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Shivani Malhan ◽  
Manvinder Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This paper attempts to examine whether the consumer is brand conscious and he thinks that the brand name is important for him or not. According to the pilot study and interview method applied in this paper, the most important attributes considered by the customers while repurchasing the car are Price, Comfort and safety, Brand name and Customer Service. The study is based on primary data, collected from Jalandhar city of Punjab. Conjoint analysis is employed to determine which combinations of a limited number of attributes are most influential for the respondents while taking a decision in purchase of passenger car. In conjoint analysis, we use full profile approach in which profiles are reduced using orthogonal array approach. The empirical findings reiterate that consumers in this region experience that the most important attribute in Brand Loyalty is comfort and safety. This is because customers think that the features like front passenger airbags, advanced braking systems and air conditioning are very essential in the today are set up. The second important determinant of Brand Loyalty is price which may be accounted to affordability of the customer. The customers have also given relevance to customer service because the process of building the relationship with customer starts with the purchase of car but it keeps on evolving after the sale. The least importance is given to the attribute - brand name as per the empirical findings of the study.</p>

scholarly journals Grisel Syndrome: Prompt Diagnosis, Prompt Management Equals Happy Ending

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidi Aswadi Halim Lim ◽  
Azian Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmad Razali Md Ralib
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Initial Radiograph ◽  
Cervical Traction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grisel Syndrome ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Soft Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint

Grisel syndrome is a rare cause of torticollis resulting from subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2 vertebra) joint from surrounding soft tissue inflammation. Atlanto-axial joint injuries typically occur in the setting of trauma. However, here we report a case of a non-traumatic cause of atlanto-axial joint subluxation in a child. The child initially presented to our centre with 5 days history of torticollis preceded by a few days of upper respiratory tract symptoms. The initial radiograph of the cervical spine did not demonstrate any obvious abnormality. However, due to a high index of suspicion by the attending physician, a CT of the cervical spine was performed, which indeed revealed an atlanto-axial subluxation. The patient was put on cervical traction for a few days, and discharged well with soft collar and analgesia.

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