Comparison of two versions of larval development test to detect anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Várady ◽  
Július Čorba ◽  
Valéria Letková ◽  
Gabriel Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in Brazil: concordance of in vivo and in vitro (RESISTA-Test©) methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousmel Alemán Gainza ◽  
Isabella Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Amanda Figueiredo ◽  
Leonardo Aparecido Lima dos Santos ◽  
Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Larval Development Test

Abstract This study evaluated the resistance status of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through comparison between the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and the larval development test (LDT). For the FECRT, 35 sheep were selected in each of five flocks and divided into groups treated with: benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin, monepantel and control. Feces were collected for EPG and fecal cultures. The LDT was performed using thiabendazole (TBZ), levamisole (LEV), ivermectin aglycone (IVM-A) and Zolvix (ZLV). Resistance to all drugs was detected using FECRT in 100% of the flocks, except in relation to ZLV (40% resistant and 20% suspected of resistance). LDT indicated resistance to TBZ and IVM-A in all flocks, to LEV in 80% of flocks and to ZLV in 10%. Total agreement was obtained between the two tests for TBZ and IVM (k = 1.0), while for LEV (k = 0.8) and ZLV (k = 0.9), substantial and almost perfect agreement were obtained, respectively. The concordance between the tests was significant, thus showing that it is possible to use the outcome of the LDT to predict the FECRT, and hence validating the former as a fast diagnostic test for use by sheep farmers in Brazil.

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in Polish goat herds assessed by the larval development test

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Mickiewicz ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Agata Moroz ◽  
Adrian-Valentin Potărniche ◽  
Olga Szaluś-Jordanow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Larval Development Test

Abstract Background Helminthic infections, in particular those caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), are found worldwide and are among the most economically important diseases of goats. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in GIN of goats is currently present worldwide, and single- or multidrug resistant species are widespread. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AR to benzimidazoles (BZ), macrocyclic lactones (ML) and imidazothiazoles represented by levamisole (LEV) in the Polish goat herds by using an in vitro larval development test, which is useful especially in large-scale epidemiological surveys. Results This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 and enrolled 42 dairy goat herds scattered over the entire country. The most commonly used anthelmintic class in goat herds in Poland were BZ (92%), followed by ML (85%) and LEV (13%). BZ-resistant GIN populations were found in 37 herds (88%, CI 95%: 75 to 95%), ML-resistant GIN populations in 40 herds (95%, CI 95, 84 to 99%), and LEV-resistant GIN populations in 5 herds (12%, CI 95%: 5 to 25%). Multidrug resistance involving all three anthelmintic classes was found in 5 herds (12%, CI 95, 5 to 25%). Based on the morphological features of stage 3 larvae the main resistant GIN turned out to be Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. The use of BZ and frequency of anthelmintic treatments were significantly related to the presence of AR to BZ in Polish goat herds. Conclusions This cross-sectional study demonstrates the existence of AR to BZ, ML and LEV on Polish goat farms. Resistance to BZ and ML is widespread, while AR to LEV is currently at a low level. A considerable proportion of herds harbours multidrug resistant GIN, which requires further consideration. An effective anthelmintic treatment strategy, reasonable preventive measures and better understanding of the resistance-related management practices by farmers and veterinarians may delay further development of AR.

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

scholarly journals Frequency of benzimidazole resistance inHaemonchus contortus populations isolated from buffalo, goat and sheep herds

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Luiz Nunes ◽  
Livia Loiola dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo Bastianetto ◽  
Denise Aparecida Andrade de Oliveira ◽  
Bruno Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Benzimidazole Resistance

Anthelmintic resistance is an increasing problem that threatens livestock production worldwide. Understanding of the genetic basis of benzimidazole resistance recently allowed the development of promising molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, isolates of Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats, sheep and buffaloes raised in Brazil were screened for presence of the polymorphism Phe200Tyr in the β-tubulin 1 gene, which confers resistance to benzimidazole. The allelic frequency of the mutation conferring resistance ranged from 7% to 43%, and indicated that resistance to benzimidazole could be found in nematodes isolated from all the ruminant species surveyed. Although significant variation in the frequency of the F200Y mutation was observed between different herds or host species, no significant variation could be found in populations isolated from animals within the same herd. These findings suggest that screening of samples from a few animals has the potential to provide information about the benzimidazole resistance status of the entire herd, which would enable a considerable reduction in the costs of diagnosis for the producer. Molecular diagnosis has practical advantages, since it can guide the choice of anthelmintic drug that will be used, before its application in the herd, thus reducing the economic losses driven by anthelmintic resistance.

scholarly journals 26 Copper oxide wire particles to complement control of gastrointestinal nematodes with levamisole and/or albendazole in lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller ◽  
Mohan Acharya ◽  
Erin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Due to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR), complementary approaches to anthelmintic use to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep are necessary. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are effective against Haemonchus contortus but not other GIN, and FAMACHA aids to minimize further development of AR. The objective was to determine the efficacy of COWP alone or in combination with levamisole, albendazole, or a 3-way combination to control GIN known to have AR to these anthelmintics. Naturally infected Katahdin lambs were selectively dewormed based on FAMACHA© and/or packed cell volume (PCV). If FAMACHA© scores were 3, 4, or 5, lambs received 1 g COWP alone (n = 120), COWP and levamisole (n = 47) or albendazole (n = 6), or a 3-way combination (n = 10), respectively. Untreated lambs were included (CON; n = 31). Feces and blood were collected on days 0 (day of deworming) and 14 for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC) and FEC reduction (FECRED) and PCV. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in a mixed model. The mean FECRED was greater for the combination of levamisole and COWP than COWP alone (P < 0.001). In a mixed GIN population, COWP in combination with levamisole increased the efficacy of FECRED of H. contortus and other GIN genera present, offering greater GIN management in the presence of resistance to these anthelmintics.

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