scholarly journals The association between fast-food outlet proximity and density and Body Mass Index: Findings from 147,027 Lifelines cohort study participants

2021 ◽  
pp. 106915
Author(s):  
Carel-Peter L. van Erpecum ◽  
Sander K.R. van Zon ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Nynke Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Study Participants

scholarly journals Associations between major chain fast-food outlet availability and change in body mass index: a longitudinal observational study of women from Victoria, Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E Lamb ◽  
Lukar E Thornton ◽  
Dana Lee Olstad ◽  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Kylie Ball
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Victorian Women ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods

ObjectivesThe residential neighbourhood fast-food environment has the potential to lead to increased levels of obesity by providing opportunities for residents to consume energy-dense products. This longitudinal study aimed to examine whether change in body mass index (BMI) differed dependent on major chain fast-food outlet availability among women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.SettingEighty disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsSample of 882 women aged 18–46 years at baseline (wave I: 2007/2008) who remained at the same residential location at all three waves (wave II: 2010/2011; wave III: 2012/2013) of the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality study.Primary outcomeBMI based on self-reported height and weight at each wave.ResultsThere was no evidence of an interaction between time and the number of major chain fast-food outlets within 2 (p=0.88), 3 (p=0.66) or 5 km (p=0.24) in the multilevel models of BMI. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an interaction between time and change in availability at any distance and BMI.ConclusionsChange in BMI was not found to differ by residential major chain fast-food outlet availability among Victorian women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. It may be that exposure to fast-food outlets around other locations regularly visited influence change in BMI. Future research needs to consider what environments are the key sources for accessing and consuming fast food and how these relate to BMI and obesity risk.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the relationship between fast-food outlets, area-level deprivation, diet quality and body mass index: an exploratory structural equation modelling approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Mark Green ◽  
Kath Roberts ◽  
Claire Griffiths ◽  
Jim McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Equation Modelling

BackgroundInternationally, the prevalence of adults with obesity is a major public health concern. Few studies investigate the explanatory pathways between fast-food outlets and body mass index (BMI). We use structural equation modelling to explore an alternative hypothesis to existing research using area-level deprivation as the predictor of BMI and fast-food outlets and diet quality as mediators.MethodsAdults (n=7544) from wave II of the Yorkshire Health Study provided self-reported diet, height and weight (used to calculate BMI). Diet quality was based on sugary drinks, wholemeal (wholegrain) bread and portions of fruit and vegetables. Fast-food outlets were mapped using the Ordnance Survey Points of Interest within 2 km radial buffers around home postcode which were summed to indicate availability. Age (years), gender (female/male) and long-standing health conditions (yes/no) were included as covariates.ResultsThere was little evidence linking fast-food outlets to diet or BMI. An independent association between fast-food outlet availability and BMI operated counterintuitively and was small in effect. There was also little evidence of mediation between fast-food outlet availability and BMI. However, there was more evidence that area-level deprivation was associated with increased BMI, both as an independent effect and through poorer diet quality.ConclusionThis exploratory study offers a first step for considering complexity and pathways linking fast-food outlets, area-level deprivation, diet quality and BMI. Research should respond to and build on the hypothesised pathways and our simple framework presented within our study.

scholarly journals Association between fast-food outlet exposure and Body Mass Index in 124,286 Lifelines participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C L van Erpecum ◽  
S K R van Zon ◽  
U Bültmann ◽  
N Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) is a key risk factor for numerous non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes type II and dementia. Previous studies showed associations between fast-food outlet exposure and BMI, but contained methodological shortcomings. Particularly within the Netherlands, evidence is scarce. We aimed to examine the association between fast-food outlet exposure and BMI among the Dutch adult general population, and whether this association was mediated by daily caloric intake. Methods Cross-sectionally linking baseline adult data (N = 124,286) from the Lifelines cohort to fast-food outlet location (LISA: employer register) data, we regressed fast-food outlet density (within distances of 500 metre(m), and 1, 3, and 5 kilometre (km)) and fast-food outlet proximity around participants’ residential address on BMI. We used multilevel regression and multilevel mediation models, adjusting for age, sex, partner status, education, employment, neighbourhood deprivation and neighbourhood address density. We stratified analyses for urban and rural areas, as these involve different living environments and study populations. Results More than half (56%) of participants was overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0). The average BMI in urban and rural areas was 25.9 (SD 4.4) and 26.3 (SD 4.3), respectively. In rural areas, having at least three fast-food outlets within 500 m was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 0.28). In urban areas, having at least five fast-food outlets within 1 km was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.63). Having the nearest fast-food outlet within 100m was associated with higher BMI (B = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.67). The associations were partly explained by daily caloric intake. Conclusions Fast-food outlet exposure may be an important environmental determinant of BMI. Policy-makers should consider intervening upon the fast-food environment. Key messages Fast-food outlets within 500 metres in rural areas and 1 kilometre in urban areas may play a fundamental role in the rise of BMI. Targeting fast-food outlets may be key to reduce BMI on a population level.

scholarly journals Long-term body mass index changes in overweight and obese adults and the risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cohort study of over 260,000 adults in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Iyen ◽  
Stephen Weng ◽  
Yana Vinogradova ◽  
Ralph K. Akyea ◽  
Nadeem Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of long-term body mass index (BMI) changes in overweight or obese adults, on the risk of heart failure, CVD and mortality has not been quantified. Methods This population-based cohort study used routine UK primary care electronic health data linked to secondary care and death-registry records. We identified adults who were overweight or obese, free from CVD and who had repeated BMI measures. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the BMI trajectories of these individuals and then determined incidence rates of CVD, heart failure and mortality associated with the different trajectories. Cox-proportional hazards regression determined hazards ratios for incident outcomes. Results 264,230 individuals (mean age 49.5 years (SD 12.7) and mean BMI 33.8 kg/m2 (SD 6.1)) were followed-up for a median duration of 10.9 years. Four BMI trajectories were identified, corresponding at baseline, with World Health Organisation BMI classifications for overweight, class-1, class-2 and class-3 obesity respectively. In all four groups, there was a small, stable upwards trajectory in BMI (mean BMI increase of 1.06 kg/m2 (± 3.8)). Compared with overweight individuals, class-3 obese individuals had hazards ratios (HR) of 3.26 (95% CI 2.98–3.57) for heart failure, HR of 2.72 (2.58–2.87) for all-cause mortality and HR of 3.31 (2.84–3.86) for CVD-related mortality, after adjusting for baseline demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion The majority of adults who are overweight or obese retain their degree of overweight or obesity over the long term. Individuals with stable severe obesity experience the worst heart failure, CVD and mortality outcomes. These findings highlight the high cardiovascular toll exacted by continuing failure to tackle obesity.

Body-Mass Index and Mortality in Incident Dementia: A Cohort Study on 11,398 Patients From SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 447.e1-447.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara García-Ptacek ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Bahman Farahmand ◽  
Maria Luz Cuadrado ◽  
Dorota Religa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Dementia Registry
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