Ichnological evidence of jökulhlaup deposit recolonization from the Touchet Beds, Mabton, WA, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. MacEachern ◽  
Michael C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Mount St Helens

AbstractThe late Wisconsinan Touchet Beds section at Mabton, Washington reveals at least seven stacked jökulhlaup deposits, five showing evidence of post-flood recolonization by vertebrates. Tracemakers are attributed to voles or pocket mice (1–3 cm diameter burrows) and pocket gophers or ground squirrels (3–6 cm diameter burrows). The Mount St. Helens S tephra deposited between flood beds contains the invertebrate-generated burrows Naktodemasis and Macanopsis. Estimates of times between floods are based on natal dispersal distances of the likely vertebrate tracemakers (30–50 m median distances; 127–525 m maximum distances) from upland areas containing surviving populations to the Mabton area, a distance of about 7.9 km. Tetrapods would have required at least two to three decades to recolonize these flood beds, based on maximum dispersal distances. Invertebrate recolonization was limited by secondary succession and estimated at only a few years to a decade. These ichnological data support multiple floods from failure of the ice dam at glacial Lake Missoula, separated by hiatal surfaces on the order of decades in duration. Ichnological recolonization times are consistent with published estimates of refill times for glacial Lake Missoula, and complement the other field evidence that points to repeated, autogenically induced flood discharge.

Evidence of Multiple Late-Wisconsin Floods from Glacial Lake Missoula in Badger Coulee, Washington

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Bunker
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
South Central ◽  
Mount St Helens

AbstractCatastrophic floods from glacial Lake Missoula entered the Pasco Basin in south-central Washington and backflooded its marginal valleys. Badger Coulee, one such valley, contains beds of fine-grained slackwater sediment deposited by these floods. The slackwater sediment contains two ash layers of the Mount St. Helens set S tephra, about 13,000 yr old. The ash was deposited on a ground surface developed atop slackwater sediment deposited during preash flooding. Evidence of the former ground surface includes the reworked ash, inferred trace fossils, stream and debris-flow deposits, slopewash and/or eolian sediment, and colluvium at the ash horizon. These features and the ash were buried by slackwater sediment deposited during postash flooding. Nonflood, subaerial deposits are not present atop other beds. Instead, beds commonly are reversely graded across “contacts,” suggesting that multiple beds were continuously deposited. The exposed beds thus record at least two late-Wisconsin floods, one preash, the other postash. The pre- and postash floods may be correlative with earlier-reported floods thought to have occurred 17,500-14,000 and 14,000–13,000 yr B.P., respectively.

Natal dispersal of juvenile arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E Byrom ◽  
Charles J Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Juvenile Males

Natal dispersal is assumed to be costly because of the risk of mortality, yet rarely are movement patterns and survival of dispersers observed directly. We determined the fates and dispersal distances of 150 radio-collared juvenile arctic ground squirrels from 1993 to 1995 at Kluane, Yukon Territory, Canada (61°N, 138°W). We tested the hypothesis that dispersal has a high mortality cost, and we also attempted to distinguish among three hypotheses to explain natal dispersal: competition for mates, competition for resources, and inbreeding avoidance. Juveniles were radio-collared at emergence from the natal burrow on five 9-ha grids nested within larger (1 km2) experimental manipulations: two controls, a predator exclosure, a food-supplemented grid, and a predator exclosure + food grid. In all years and on all areas, dispersing juveniles were more likely to die than philopatric squirrels, and the risk of mortality increased with distance from the natal burrow for both sexes. Overall, survival of philopatric squirrels was 73%, whereas survival of dispersing squirrels ranged from a maximum of 40% to a minimum of 25%. Juvenile females were strongly philopatric independent of population density, except on the predator exclosure + food grid in 1995, where population density was extremely high and resources other than food were probably limiting. Resource competition may explain patterns of philopatry and dispersal in female arctic ground squirrels. Juvenile males moved farther from their natal site than females and more of them died. Males also had a strong tendency to disperse that was independent of food availability or population density, which suggests that male arctic ground squirrels ultimately may disperse to avoid either inbreeding with female relatives or intrasexual competition for mates.

Behaviour during handling predicts male natal dispersal distances in an establishing reintroduced hihi (Notiomystis cincta) population

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Richardson ◽  
J. G. Ewen ◽  
P. Brekke ◽  
L. R. Doerr ◽  
K. A. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Notiomystis Cincta

scholarly journals Efficacy of IGI® Carbon Dioxide Gas to Kill Ground Squirrels and Pocket Gophers in Underground Burrows

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
William, A. Donahue ◽  
Michael , W. Donahue ◽  
Bret , E. Vinson ◽  
M. , Bernadette Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

scholarly journals Glacial and Postglacial History of the White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, U.S.A.

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. P. Cotter ◽  
James M. Bloomfield ◽  
Edward B. Evenson
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Stratigraphic Model ◽  
Glaciofluvial Deposits ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Mount St Helens ◽  
Peak Set

ABSTRACT Glacial and glaciofluvial deposits are mapped and differentiated to develop new local, relative-age (RD) stratigraphies for the North Fork of the Big Lost River, Slate Creek and Pole Creek drainages in the White Cloud Peaks and Boulder Mountains, Idaho. This stratigraphic model expands the areal extent of the "Idaho glacial model". Volcanic ash samples collected from the study area are petrographically characterized and correlated, on the basis of mineralogy and glass geochemistry, to reference samples of identified Cascade Range tephras. Four distinct tephras are recognized including; Mount St. Helens-Set S (13,600-13,300 yr BP), Glacier Peak-Set B (11,250 yr BP), Mount Mazama (6600 yr BP) and Mount St. Helens-Set Ye (4350 yr BP). A core of lake sediments containing two tephra units was obtained from a site called "Pole Creek kettle". Pollen and sediment analyses indicate three intervals of late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic change. Cool and wet climatic conditions prevailed in the region shortly before and immediately following the deposition of the Glacier Peak-Set B ash (11,250 yr BP). Climatic warming occurred from approximately 10,500 to 6600 yr BP after which warm, dry conditions prevailed. Sediment accumulation in the kettle ceased by 4350 yr BP. The presence of Glacier Peak-Set B tephra in the base of the Pole Creek kettle core provides a minimum age of 11,250 yr BP for the retreat of valley glaciers from their Late Wisconsinan maximum position. A radiocarbon date of 8450 + 85 yr BP (SI-5181), and the presence of Mount Mazama ash (6600 yr BP) up-core support the Glacier Peak-Set B identification.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Natal Dispersal of Pied Flycatchers: How Far Away From Home?

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-717
Author(s):  
Nikita Chernetsov ◽  
Leonid V. Sokolov ◽  
Vladislav Kosarev ◽  
Dmitry Leoke ◽  
Mikhail Markovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dispersal Distances

Abstract Over four years, nestling Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) were banded and recaptured in nest boxes at a 44 km long and 1–1.5 km wide study area along the Courish Spit on the southeast Baltic coast. The return rate for males was nearly twice as high as for females. Males settled significantly closer to their natal sites than predicted by the null model, which assumed that any nest box in the study area was selected at random. For females, the frequency distribution of natal dispersal distances was not significantly different from that predicted by the null model. The difference in average dispersal distance between the sexes was highly significant. Although some individuals settled within tens of kilometers, most male Pied Flycatchers settled within several kilometers of their natal sites. We suggest that even if females settle on average farther from their natal sites than males do, both sexes imprint on a relatively small (several kilometers in diameter) area during postfledging exploration, to which they return each spring.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Natal Dispersal of White Storks (Ciconia Ciconia) in Poland: How Far and Where to?

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Chernetsov ◽  
Wiesław Chromik ◽  
Pawel T. Dolata ◽  
Piotr Profus ◽  
Piotr Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Ciconia Ciconia ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
White Storks ◽  
Population Indices ◽  
Dispersal Distances

Abstract Distance and direction of natal dispersal were studied in a Polish White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) population on the basis of 25 years of banding and resighting data. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant sex-linked bias (females settled farther from the natal sites than males) and effect of banding year, in that dispersal distances were decreasing toward the end of the study period. Population indices in the hatching year and the presumed recruitment year did not help to explain the variance. The birds showed a trend toward settling southeast of the natal site, but this was significant only in individuals that settled within 50 km of the natal site. We suggest that when returning from winter sites in the southeast, young White Storks settle before they reach their presumed migratory target in the vicinity of the natal site. This is only possible if, in spite of a relatively high population density, many breeding areas and potential nesting sites remain vacant. This might also explain our failure to find density dependence in the interannual variation of dispersal distances.

Studies on two populations of Ixodes kingi Bishopp (Ixodidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Tick Size ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Two Populations

Studies on tick size, distribution, and hosts are made of two populations of Ixodes kingi Bishopp, the individuals of which appear to differ only in size. In Canada large specimens were collected only in Alberta and mainly from carnivores and ground squirrels, while small specimens were found only in British Columbia and mostly on pocket gophers and mice but occasionally on weasels. A study of available United States material revealed a similar pattern, the two populations being separated by the Rocky Mountains and the Wasatch Range, but each containing a scattered few specimens of intermediate size. It was shown that individuals of the two populations will interbreed and yield viable F2 larvae. It is suggested that the species is in a state of evolutionary divergence northwards.

Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

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