On the addition of two incoherent unsteady noise records of similar statistical structures. Part 2: effects of long time span and diurnal variations

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Tang
ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Maftuh Maftuh

For many observers, Banten is well known as an area where the population has a strict religious understanding onislamic law. Colonial officials and experts in Islamic studies such as Snouck Hurgronje and GF Pijper, testified that compared to other Muslims across Java , Muslim in Banten and Cirebon were stricter in practicing Islam . The phenomenon of the social life of the religious community in Banten is necessarily formed within a very long time span. This paper traces the root of the formation of public religious understanding ojMuslim in Banten. Using a socio-historical approach, this paper then leads to the conclusion that the sultan of Banten issued policies that had a greater emphasis to the adherence to the Shari'a rather than Sufism. Religious orientation on the fiqh-oriented can explain the Islamic militancy Banten community, as witnessed by the colonial officials, and even still can be seen up to this present moment.Key words: Jslamization, Sultanate, Banten


Fossil Record ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-D. Heinrich

Tendaguru is one of the most important dinosaur localities in Africa. The Tendaguru Beds have produced a diverse Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) dinosaur assemblage, including sauropods (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), theropods (e.g., <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>), and ornithischians (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>). Contrary to the well studied skeletal anatomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs, the available taphonomic information is rather limited, and a generally accepted taphonomic model has not yet been established. Assessment of unpublished excavation sketches by the German Tendaguru expedition (1909–1913) document bone assemblages of sauropod and ornithischian dinosaurs from the Middle Saurian Bed, Upper Saurian Bed, and the Transitional Sands above the <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Bed, and shed some light on the taphonomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs. Stages of disarticulation range from incomplete skeletons to solitary bones, and strongly argue for carcass decay and post-mortem transport prior to burial. The sauropod bone accumulations are dominated by adult individuals, and juveniles are rare or missing. The occurrence of bones in different superimposed dinosaur-bearing horizons indicates that skeletal remains were accumulated over a long time span during the Late Jurassic, and the majority of the bone accumulations are probably attritional. These accumulations are likely to have resulted from long-term bone imput due to normal mortality events caused by starvation, seasonal drought, disease, old age and weakness. The depositional environment of the Middle and Upper Saurian Bed was mainly limnic to brackish in origin, while the palaeoenvironment of the Transitional Sands was marginal marine. <br><br> Tendaguru zählt zu den bedeutendsten Dinosaurier-Lagerstätten Afrikas. Aus den Tendaguru-Schichten sind zahlreiche Skelettreste von Sauropoden (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), Theropoden (z.B. <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>) und Ornithischiern (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>) geborgen worden. Sie stammen aus der späten Jura-Zeit (Kimmeridge — Tithon). Während der Skelettbau der Tendagurusaurier gut untersucht ist, wirft die Taphonomie des Sauriervorkommens von Tendaguru noch immer Fragen auf. Unklar ist bislang, wie die enormen Anreicherungen von Dinosaurierknochen in den Tendaguru-Schichten zustandekamen. Unveröffentlichte Grabungsskizzen der Deutschen Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1913) erweitern unsere Kenntnisse über die Taphonomie der Tendagurusaurier. In den ausgewerteten Grabungsskizzen sind Knochenansammlungen von Sauropoden und Ornithischiern aus dem Mittleren und Oberen Sauriermergel sowie aus den Übergangsschichten über der <i>Trigonia smeei</i>-Schicht dokumentiert. Die Lage und der Erhaltungszustand der Funde lassen auf erheblichen Zerfall der Kadaver und post-mortalen Transport von Skelettelementen vor der Einbettung schließen. Das Vorkommen von Saurierknochen in mehreren übereinanderliegenden Profilabschnitten der Tendaguru-Schichten zeigt, daß Skelettreste während der späten Jura-Zeit über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg akkumuliert wurden. Die Ansammlungen von Skelettresten gehen wahrscheinlich auf „normale” Sterbe-Ereignisse zurück, wie z. B. Verhungern, Verdursten, Kankheit, Altersschwäche und jahreszeitliche Dürre. Als Ablagerungsraum der Mittleren und Oberen Saurierschicht kommt ein küstennaher limnischer, zeitweise wohl auch brackischer Küstenstreifen in Betracht. Die knochenführenden Übergangsschichten unter- und oberhalb der Saurierschichten sind randlich marine Ablagerungen. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102</a>


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-82
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Mordvintseva

Abstract The paper presents a comparative analysis of burial assemblages of ‘barbarian’ élites located on the territory of the Crimea between Chersonesos Taurica and the Bosporan kingdom dating from the 3rd century BC to the mid-3rd century AD. The main goal of the research is to define indications of self-identities of the Crimean non-urban societies represented by their élites and to outline their networking inside and outside the peninsula as well as their changes during four chronological periods. The research is based on the precondition that networking in the political sphere is closely connected to the exchange of symbols of power and status. In material culture, such symbols might be represented by the so-called ‘prestige objects’. Changes in the assortment of these items observed over a long time-span are helping to visualize the development of internal and external relationships of social élites.


1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph N. Zabarenko ◽  
Lucy M. Zabarenko

An unusual version of liaison psychiatry is described in which the object of the liaison is the practicing physician in the hospital setting. Hospital work rounds were used as teaching rounds at frequent intervals over a relatively long time span. The paper demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of such a project. The processes and principles of teaching psychological medicine in this way are described and exemplified.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Tang ◽  
Michael H. Soffel ◽  
Jin-He Tao ◽  
Wen-Biao Han ◽  
Zheng-Hong Tang
Keyword(s):  

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriey P Borodovskiy ◽  
Marek Krąpiec ◽  
Łukasz Oleszczak

AbstractThis paper presents radiocarbon (14C) dating of Scythian period sites discovered in Northern Altai, Russia, in the 1990s, including large, unlooted barrow cemeteries in the Manzherok region. The results indicate that barrows attributed to the Karakoba culture may represent a long time span from the beginning of the 9th century BC until the beginning of 1st century BC, while those linked with the North Pazyryk culture generally keep within the Scythian period: from the beginning of the 5th century BC to the late 1st century AD. 14C analysis has confirmed the viability of traditional archaeological dating and the contemporaneity of barrows belonging to various cultural traditions (North Pazyryk, Karakoba), and also allowed correlating the horizons of burials to the seismic phenomena observed at the site.


Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (244) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. M. Peterson

Andrew Fleming's 1987 paper identified coaxial field systems in the British landscapes that could be dated over a long time-period, from Neolithic to Roman. What does that time-span imply and amount to?


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Zoltán Fabulya ◽  
György Hampel

The heat treatment of cans, particularly canned meat, is a process with a big energy need, since the cans need sterilization, a heat treatment with a long time span around 120°C with the use of fuel gas in big quantity. The reduction of the use of the natural resources is the challenge in our days which appears in the new system approach of the environment management, the principle of sustainable development. That is to say, let us produce the same amount of products with less energy consumption, or more amounts with less specific energy consumption. The heat treatment is used to avert microbiological danger. The operation regulation has to be defined in a way which produces a microbiologically reliable product, but does not harm its organoleptic peculiarities, substance, taste and flavour because of the oversized treatment. In the interest of safety we have to define the extent and the time span of the heat effect leading to the destruction of the microbiological pathogens with the use of engineering calculations, modelling and computer simulation. We also have to secure the observance of the regulations obtained this way for the sake of the higher quality and the less resource utilization. This observance ability is answered with the help of our developed model for the computer simulation of heat treatment processes.


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