Effect of carbon disulphide fumigation on Trichoderma viride and other soil fungi

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Saksena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Trichoderma Viride

scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonism of Trichoderma Verede and Aspergillus Spp. against a Pathogenic Seed Borne Fungus of Sesame

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Delwar Hosen ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Four soil fungi were isolated from the soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against seed borne fungus Fusarium merismoides isolated from sesame. In dual culture colony interaction Trichoderma viride showed the highest (45.88%) growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides followed by A. niger (40.00%), A. flavus (36.37) and A. fumigatus (30.77%). Volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (67.69%) and non-volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (75.00%). Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 17-23, 2019

COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF TWO SAPROPHYTIC AND TWO PLANT PARASITIC SOIL FUNGI TO TEMPERATURE, HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION, AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
A. W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Ph Values

The behavior of two soil saprophytes, Trichoderma viride and Trichocladium asperum, and two root-infecting fungi, Ophiobolus graminis and Fomes annosus, was compared under various conditions in laboratory culture.On an agar-solidified organic medium optimum temperatures for growth were approximately: T. viride 25–30 °C, T. asperum 20–25 °C, O. graminis 20–25 °C, F. annosus 25 °C. T. viride rapidly outgrew the other fungi in the optimum range but this relationship changed at lower temperatures, its growth rate being equalled by that of O. graminis at 10 °C. T. viride was the only fungus to grow at 35 °C. In a synthetic liquid medium adjusted to pH values from 3.0–7.0 with a citrate–phosphate buffer, growth of O. graminis and F. annosus was sharply reduced at pH values below 5.0. T. viride made good growth at pH 3.1 and reduction in growth of T. asperum occurred only below pH 4.0. Both parasites required thiamine for growth in a synthetic medium and O. graminis also required biotin; in addition they showed a preference for organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen sources. T. viride and T. asperum grew well with KNO3 as nitrogen source and neither required vitamins. D-Glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose were readily utilized, and D-arabinose poorly utilized, by all four fungi. Utilization of other hexoses, pentoses, disaccharides, and polysaccharides varied considerably between the fungi.The relationship of the results obtained to the observations of others on the ecology of soil fungi is discussed and the possibility that combinations of physical and nutritional factors may favor specific fungi in the soil is considered.

GROWTH INHIBITION OF TWO SAPROPHYTIC AND TWO PLANT PARASITIC SOIL FUNGI BY ANTIBIOTICS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
A. W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Comparisons were made of growth inhibition of two saprophytic (Trichoderma viride, Trichocladium asperum) and two plant parasitic soil fungi (Ophiobolus graminis, Fomes annosus) by antibiotics. The fungi were grown on an agar medium containing various concentrations of one of the antibiotics: acti-dione, gliotoxin, griseofulvin, patulin, or trichothecin. In general the two parasites tended to be more sensitive than the saprophytes, but there were several individual exceptions. Moreover, the comparative responses of the fungi at different antibiotic concentrations were frequently not proportionately related. The results are discussed in relation to the possible effects of antibiotics on fungi in natural soil.

EFFECT OF A SOIL MICROFLORA SELECTED BY CARBON DISULPHIDE FUMIGATION ON SURVIVAL OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA IN WOODY HOST TISSUES

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Infected Tree ◽  
Woody Host ◽  
Host Tissues

A test has been made of Bliss's hypothesis that when infected tree roots are fumigated with carbon disulphide, Armillaria mellea is killed not by direct fungicidal action, but through the agency of Trichoderma viride, which is relatively tolerant of the fumigant and becomes dominant in the treated soil. Bliss's observation that T. viride becomes much more abundant in soil after fumigation was confirmed, though higher dosages of carbon disulphide tended to select still more resistant fungi, such as ascosporic penicillia of the P. luteum series. When small woody inocula of A. mellea had been incubated for 3 weeks in soil that had been previously fumigated with carbon disulphide at the rate of 828 p.p.m. and then kept for 3 weeks before use, 30% of the inoculum segment-ends failed to produce rhizomorphs when placed in tubes of fresh soil for a viability test. Nevertheless, this indirect effect of soil fumigation cannot wholly account for the total loss of viability when inocula of A. mellea are directly fumigated in soil. It seems, therefore, that carbon disulphide must directly damage at least the peripheral mycelium of A. mellea in the woody host tissues, and so facilitate invasion by T. viride and/or other fungi. With this additional postulate, Bliss's hypothesis seems to account well for all the observed facts.

scholarly journals Antagonistic activity of cellulase enzyme produced by Trichoderma Viride against Xanthomonas Citr

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Jatav ◽  
Sonu Singh Ahirwar ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Kirti Kushwaha ◽  
Sadhna Jatav
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Citrus Disease

Citrus canker is a bacterial disease which occurs in citrus (lemon) species produce by Xanthomonas especially X. citri. The infection occurs on the lesions of leaves, stems, and fruits of citrus trees, it also occurs in other plants such as orange, grapes. The main goal of this study was to prevent the lemon (citrus) disease such as citrus canker by using some cellulase enzymes produces by soil fungi. In the present study, we isolated soil fungi Trichoderma viride, which produces cellulase enzyme these have higher antibacterial activities against plant pathogen such as X. citri. This enzyme produced by T. viride by using fermentation method, quantified by DNAS method and used as a bio-control agent against X. citri. They also isolated and characterized X. citri. In the last step of the study they have checked antibacterial activity of cellulase enzyme against X. citri. The present study concluded that cellulase enzyme produced by T. viride shows higher antibacterial activity against X. citri when treated it at 100°C.

Degradation of [14C]photodieldrin by Trichoderma viride as affected by other insecticides

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. K. Tabet ◽  
E. P. Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Insecticidal Compounds

Various soil fungi were tested for their capacity to degrade the insecticide [14C]photodieldrin. Of nine species investigated, Trichoderma viride was the only one which degraded the insecticide to an appreciable extent into water-soluble, non-insecticidal compounds within 4–5 weeks. These products amounted to 32–41% of the radiocarbon applied to the culture media. The degradation was a function of live mycelia, which metabolized the insecticide and excreted water-soluble compounds into the culture media. Since soils usually contain a mixture of pesticide residues, the effects of several chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides on the capacity of the fungus to degrade [14C]photodieldrin were studied. Thus, in fungal cultures treated with compounds structurally similar to photodieldrin, such as aldrin and dieldrin, only 4–17% of the applied radiocarbon was water-soluble and more photodieldrin remained. In controls, however, 35% of the applied radiocarbon was in the form of water-soluble products and less photodieldrin remained. The degradation of [14C]photodieldrin by T. viride, with time, was associated with a continuous decline of hexane-soluble radiocarbon and a steady increase of water-soluble metabolites, which appeared in the fungal media. The amount of hexane-soluble radiocarbon in mycelia was directly related to the fungal mass.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PATHOGENICITY OF SOIL FUNGI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE 505

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
N. О. Kravchenko ◽  
Ye. P. Kopylov ◽  
О. V. Holovach ◽  
О. М. Dmytruk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Internal Organs

Assessment of pathogenic properties of the soil antagonist fungus Trichoderma viride Pers was performed in vivisection on white mice model. During the experiments the LD50 of strain was established, followed by the study of pathological and bacteriological tests of the internal organs of laboratory animals. According to the results obtained, Trichoderma viride Pers 505 strain belongs to a group of the avirulent microorganisms, not capable to invade internal organs of studied warm-blooded animals and cannot be considered as pathogenic.

THE INFLUENCE OF ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Germ Tubes

Six species of soil fungi were studied in association with Helminthosporium sativum. Phoma humicola, Epicoccum purpurascens, and Trichoderma viride strongly inhibited the pathogenic activities of H. sativum, while Actinomucor repens, Sclerotinia trifoliorum, and Myrothecium verrucaria were only slightly inhibitory. The pathogenicity of H. sativum was increasingly depressed by each of the six fungi as soil temperature was increased from 15° to 26 °C. The pH shifts which these fungi induced in soil were not sufficient to be considered as a factor in depressing pathogenicity. In plate tests on nonenriched soil-extract medium, S. trifoliorum and A. repens did not appreciably affect H. sativum. The other four fungi all caused distortion and breakdown of the spores, while M. verrucaria and E. purpurascens were found as internal parasites in spores of H. sativum. P. humicola, E. purpurascens, and T. viride caused the breakdown of mycelium of the pathogen, and P. humicola and E. purpurascens were found as internal parasites of the mycelium. The fungi produced substances in the medium which adversely affect the germination and growth of germ tubes of spores of H. sativum. A. repens and S. trifoliorum were least effective, T. viride and P. humicola were intermediate in their action, and E. purpurascens and M. verrucaria were very severely limiting. Two antagonistic mechanisms, antibiosis and direct parasitism, were demonstrated, both of which were responsible for disorganization of the mycelium of the pathogen. Only those fungi that caused disruption of the mycelium were able to depress the pathogenicity of H. sativum appreciably.

scholarly journals Antagonistic potentials of some soil fungi against three post‐harvest pathogenic fungi of Carica papaya L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rezuana Binte Helal ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Four antagonistic fungi were isolated from the papaya field soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potentiality against the three postharvest pathogenic fungi of Carica papaya L. following "dual culture colony interaction” and volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In dual culture colony interaction, out of four soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on C. gloeosporioides (84.28%), F. nivale (95.23%) and Fusarium sp. (87.15%). On the other hand A. niger showed the highest growth inhibition on C. gloeosporioides (77.39%), F. nivale (98.63%) and Fusarium sp. (35.05%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (77.64%), F. nivale (58.76%) and Fusarium sp. (79.37%). were observed in case of T. viride owing to the volatile metabolites. Whereas the maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (58.23%), F. nivale (37.43%) and Fusarium sp. (82.31%) were observed in case of A. niger owing to the volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (90.90%), F. nivale (89.13%) and Fusarium sp. (76.84%) were observed in case of T. viride owing to the effect of non-volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (92.42%), F. nivale (73.01%) and Fusarium sp. (68.67%) were observed in case of A. niger owing to the effect of non-volatile metabolites. Trichoderma viride and A. niger may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against anthracnose and fruit rot pathogens of papaya. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 1-7, 2019 (January)

scholarly journals Antagonistic Potentials of Selected Soil Fungi Against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Tagetes Erecta L. and T. Patula L

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Aktar ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Three antagonistic fungi were isolated from the field soil of blight infected Tagetes spp. by serial dilution method. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Antagonistic potentiality of aforesaid fungi were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi of Tageteserecta L. and T. patula L. following "dual culture colony interaction" and volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. The pathogenic fungi were A. alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. In dual culture colony interaction, out of three soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on A. alternata (71.03%), A. fumigatus (38.49%) and C. lunata (60.71%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata (74.55%) was observed with the culture filtrates of T. viride owing to volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus (37.43%) was observed with the culture filtrates of A. flavus owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of C. lunata was observed with the culture filtrates of A. niger owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata was observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. nigera and T. viride at all concentrations. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus was also observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. niger at all concentrations. Aspergillus niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against blight pathogens of T. erecta and T. patula. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 147-153, 2020 (July)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document