The effect of gestational age, birth weight, and disease on troponin I and creatine kinase MB in the first year of life

Summary Data on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born with esophageal atresia (EA) are still scarce and controversial. The aims of our study were to evaluate motor and cognitive development during the first year of life, in patients operated on of EA and to investigate potential risk factors for motor and cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study in a selected cohort of type C and D EA infants enrolled in our follow-up program from 2009 to 2017. In order to exclude possible confounding factors, the following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g; (ii) genetic syndrome or chromosomal anomaly known to be associated with neurodevelopmental delay; (iii) neurologic disease; (iv) esophageal gap ≥three vertebral bodies. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months of life (corrected age for infants with a gestational age of 32–37 weeks) with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—3rd Edition. In our selected cohort of EA infants, 82 were evaluated at 6 months and 59 were reevaluated at 12 months. Both Motor and Cognitive average scores were within the norm at both time points. However, we report increased number of infants with motor delay with time: 14% at 6 months and 24% at 12 months. Multiple regression analysis for Motor scores at 6 [F(4,74) = 4.363, P = 0.003] and 12 months [F(6,50) = 2.634, P = 0.027] identified (i) low birth weight, (ii) longer hospital stay and (iii) weight < fifth percentile at 1 year as risk factors. Interestingly, average Cognitive scores also increased with time from 85.2% at 6 months and 96.6% at 12 months. Multiple regression models explaining variance of Cognitive scores at 6 [F(4, 73) = 2.458, P = 0.053] and 12 months [F(6, 49) = 1.232, P = 0.306] were nonsignificant. Our selected cohort of EA patients shows, on the average, Motor and Cognitive scores within the norm both at 6 and 12 months. Nevertheless, the percentage of infants with Motor scores below the average increases regardless gestational age. None of clinical and sociodemographic variables taken into consideration was able to predict cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months whereas risk factors for Motor development change during the first year of life. Healthcare providers should pay particular attention to patients with low birth weight, longer hospital stays and weight under fifth percentile at 1 year. Future studies should include long-term outcomes to reveal possible catch up in motor development and/or possible findings in Cognitive scores.

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Elevated Levels of Fetal Hemoglobin Synthesis in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.86.2.193 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 193-196

Author(s):

Harry Bard ◽

Janie Prosmanne

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

First Year ◽

Postconceptional Age ◽

The Mean ◽

First Year Of Life

A study was devised to determine whether levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis are elevated in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) when compared with the levels of HbF synthesis found in normal control infants. Twelve infants with BPD, whose postconceptional ages ranged from 40 to 62 weeks, were studied. The mean (±SD) gestational age and birth weight was 29 ± 1.9 weeks and 1289 ± 376 g, respectively. Elevation infants matched for birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age served as the control subjects. Blood samples were incubated in an amino acid mixture containing [14C]leucine. The adult hemoglobin and HbF were then separated by column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex. The results demonstrated that the mean (±SD) level of HbF synthesis in infants with BPD was significantly higher than that in the control infants (42.6 ± 22.9% vs 18.8 ± 12.8%; P < .01). When levels of HbF synthesis in the infants with BPD and the control infants were compared with data previously reported in normal infants, 7 of the 12 infants with BPD, but none of the control infants, were synthesizing amounts of HbF greater than would be expected for their postconceptional age. The results suggest that cardiopulmonary insufficiency could stimulate HbF synthesis during the first year of life as a result of an erythropoietic response to hypoxemia.

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The premature small-for-gestational-age infant during the first year of life: Comparison by birth weight and gestational age

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80584-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 1066-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Ivette C. Pena ◽

Annabel J. Teberg ◽

Karen M. Finello

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Desenvolvimento motor no primeiro ano de vida de crianças prematuras conforme o peso de nascimento

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2017.3.27079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 27079

Author(s):

Raquel Saccani ◽

Amanda Gomes Martins ◽

Priscila De Oliveira Pinto

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Motor Development ◽

Strong Association ◽

First Year ◽

Weight Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Birth Weight Group ◽

First Year Of Life

***Motor development in the first year of life of premature infants according to birth weight***AIMS: To assess motor development in the first year of life of children born at 36 weeks' gestational age, comparing two groups, one with birth weight below 2500g and the other with 2500g or more.METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated the motor development of children enrolled in the Basic Health Units of Caxias do Sul and Porto Alegre, by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. The sample consisted of infants born at 36 weeks' gestation, evaluated with a corrected chronological age of 0 to 12 months, divided into two groups: Low Birth Weight group (LBW group: birth weight below 2,500 g) and Adequate Birth Weight group (ABW group: birth weight of 2,500 g or more). The independent t-test, the chi-square test of Pearson and the Eta2 test (strong association> 0.60) were used to analyze the data. P <0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: We evaluated 42 children, 21 in each group. Fifteen (71.42%) children with low birth weight were classified as small for gestational age. The mean motor development score percentile was 17.90±17.74 for the LBW group and 34.57±25.80 for the ABW group, indicating a better motor development of the second group (p=0.02) . There was a greater number of children with developmental delay in the LBW group (52.4%), whereas in the ABW group most were within the normal range (47.6%). The association was statistically significant between performance categories and birth weight groups, using the chi-square test (p=0.001), with Eta2=0.64 (strong association).CONCLUSIONS: In preterm infants with matched gestational age at 36 weeks, the low birth weight group had worse motor performance in the first year of life compared to the group with adequate birth weight.

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Neurobehavioral Profiles of Neonates Exposed to Cocaine Prenatally

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.4.778 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 778-783

Author(s):

Linda C. Mayes ◽

Richard H. Granger ◽

Mary Ann Frank ◽

Richard Schottenfeld ◽

Marc H. Bornstein

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Behavioral Assessment ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

First Year ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Selective Effect ◽

First Year Of Life

This study examined the effects of maternal cocaine use on performance on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Cocaine-exposed newborns (n = 56) were compared with a non-cocaine-exposed group (n = 30) born to mothers with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Cocaine-exposed newborns showed significant reduction in birth weight but did not experience greater obstetric or postnatal complications. On neurobehavioral assessments using the NBAS, cocaine-exposed newborns showed significantly depressed performance on the habituation cluster but not on other NBAS clusters when differences in birth weight were controlled. In a sample of 30 cocaine-exposed newborns matched on birth weight, gestational age, and race to the 30 non-cocaine-exposed newborns, cocaine-exposed newborns continued to show depressed habituation performance. The significance of a selective effect of cocaine exposure on early habituation performance is discussed in terms of the implications for attentional regulation in the first year of life.

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Tracheotomy in the Preterm Infant

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948709600117 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 68-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Margaret A. Kenna ◽

James S. Reilly ◽

Sylvan E. Stool

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Complication Rate ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Late Complication ◽

First Year ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Early Complications ◽

First Year Of Life

Over the last decade, prolonged survival of preterm infants (gestation ≤ 36 weeks) who require lengthy periods of mechanical ventilation has necessitated that many of these infants undergo tracheotomy. The complication rate for tracheotomy in these preterm infants has not been reported. We compared 83 full-term (FT) infants who underwent tracheotomy in their first year of life with 41 preterm infants. Twenty-three preterm infants had birth weight ≥ 1,500 g (PT), and 18 of the preterm infants had gestational age ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1,500 g (PT-VLBW). Early complications (day 0 to 7) occurred in over 50% of the PT-VLBW compared to only 24% of the FT infants. Late complication rates were similar for all three groups. This higher early complication rate for PT-VLBW infants may be related to gestational age, low birth weight, and medical condition rather than surgical technique.

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Growth patterns and nutritional status of small for gestational age infants in Malaysia during the first year of life

Child Health Nursing Research ◽

10.4094/chnr.2021.27.4.317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 317-327

Author(s):

Norain Ahmad ◽

Rosnah Sutan ◽

Azmi Mohd Tamil ◽

Noriah Hajib

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Well Being ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

First Year ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Infant Birth

Purpose: This study aimed to identify small for gestational age (SGA) infants' growth patterns, nutritional status, and associated factors.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at primary-care child health clinics in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The sample consisted of infants who fulfilled the criteria and were born in 2019. The anthropometric data of infants were assessed at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: A total of 328 infants were analysed. In total, 27.7%(n=91) of the subjects were SGA infants, and 237 of them were not. Significant differences in the median weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores were observed between SGA and non-SGA infants at birth, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. There was a significant difference between the growth patterns of SGA and non-SGA infants. Birth weight and sex significantly predicted the nutritional status(stunting and underweight) of SGA infants during their first year of life.Conclusion: SGA infants can catch up to achieve normal growth during their first year of life. Even though the nutritional status of SGA infants trends worse than non-SGA infants, adequate infant birth weight monitoring and an emphasis on nutritional advice are crucial for maintaining well-being.

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