European multicentre validation trial of two new non-invasive tests for detection of antibody to H. pylori: Urine-based ELISA and rapid urine test

Data epidemiologi infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) terus berubah dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Indonesia dilaporkan memiliki prevalensi infeksi H. pylori yang rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia. Beberapa penelitian di Indonesia melaporkan bahwa sanitasi yang buruk, usia, agama, etnis merupakan faktor risiko untuk infeksi H. pylori. Dibandingkan dengan tes diagnostik lainnya, tes urine merupakan tes yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendeteksi H. pylori di Indonesia karena tes tersebut bersifat non-invasif dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau dan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada beberapa etnis di Indonesia, peneliti masih memiliki beberapa pertanyaan yang belum terjawab mengenai infeksi H. pylori di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan untuk membangun pusat penelitian H. pylori yang menyediakan fasilitas untuk kultur, evaluasi resistensi antibiotik, dan memperoleh informasi genotipe yang dapat menjelaskan perbedaan dalam infeksi H. pylori di antara berbagai etnis di Indonesia The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been changing over the past decades. Indonesia was reported have a low prevalence of H. pylori infection compared to other countries in Asia. Some studies in Indonesia have evaluated that poor sanitation, age, religion, ethnicity are the risk factors for H. pylori infection. Compared to other diagnostic tests, the urine test will be reliable for the detection of H. pylori in Indonesia because it is non-invasive and low cost with high accuracy. Although we have already performed studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in several ethnics, we still have some questions that remain unclear regarding H. pylori infection in Indonesia. Therefore, we have a need to build a H. pylori center that provide facilities for culturing, evaluating antibiotic resistance, and obtaining the genotype information that may explain the differences in H. pylori infection among ethnic groups in Indonesia.

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European multicentre validation trial of two new non-invasive tests for detection of antibody to H. pylori: Urine-based ELISA and rapid urine test

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(08)82436-5 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A491 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Leodolter ◽

Dino Vaira ◽

F. Bazzoll ◽

Alexander Hirschl ◽

Francis Megraud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urine Test ◽

Non Invasive ◽

H Pylori

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E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti-H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8090982 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 982

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Peng ◽

Rongguang Zhang ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Feiyan Yu ◽

Mingyang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Immunity ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Gastric Injury ◽

Oral Vaccines ◽

Gastric Mucus ◽

E Coli ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Considerable Impact ◽

H Pylori

Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L. lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes’ migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes’ movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB’s potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.

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Sensors for the detection of ammonia as a potential biomarker for health screening

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86686-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter P. Ricci ◽

Otto J. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Vapor Phase ◽

Detection System ◽

Health Screening ◽

The Body ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Screening Protocol ◽

H Pylori

AbstractThe presence of ammonia within the body has long been linked to complications stemming from the liver, kidneys, and stomach. These complications can be the result of serious conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), peptic ulcers, and recently COVID-19. Limited liver and kidney function leads to increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the body resulting in elevated levels of ammonia in the mouth, nose, and skin. Similarly, peptic ulcers, commonly from H. pylori, result in ammonia production from urea within the stomach. The presence of these biomarkers enables a potential screening protocol to be considered for frequent, non-invasive monitoring of these conditions. Unfortunately, detection of ammonia in these mediums is rather challenging due to relatively small concentrations and an abundance of interferents. Currently, there are no options available for non-invasive screening of these conditions continuously and in real-time. Here we demonstrate the selective detection of ammonia using a vapor phase thermodynamic sensing platform capable of being employed as part of a health screening protocol. The results show that our detection system has the remarkable ability to selectively detect trace levels of ammonia in the vapor phase using a single catalyst. Additionally, detection was demonstrated in the presence of interferents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone common in human breath. These results show that our thermodynamic sensors are well suited to selectively detect ammonia at levels that could potentially be useful for health screening applications.

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Modern knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of helicobacter infection

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-193-9-15-26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

H. Yu. Kiselev ◽

C. L. Gorlenko ◽

Ya. A. El-Taravi ◽

E. E. Porubayeva ◽

E. V. Budanova

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

World Wide ◽

International Agency ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Modern Knowledge ◽

H Pylori

Since its discovery, H. pylori infection is known as one of the risk factor for the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer, GIT tumors and numerous other diseases such as psoriasis. Infection caused by H. pylori is posed as the top oncogene in the risk of the development of gastrocarcinoma (First class oncogene by Classification of International Agency for Research of Cancer). That is why the elaboration of fast and accurate methods of diagnosis (non-invasive methods especially) and proper treatment of Helicobacter infection is still very important. Throughout the time, knowledge about pathogenesis of Helicobacter infection have been expanded with the detection of adhesins, chemotaxins and multiple virulence factors related to invasion, adhesion and cytotoxicity of H. pylori. Invasive and non-invasive methods of diagnostics are currently being improved in effectiveness and accuracy. But still, due to different factors (e. g., dramatically increasing drug resistance), eradication of H. pylori remains big problem world-wide. Our review represents modern data on pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of Helicobacter infection.

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Development and validation of a 25-Gene Panel urine test for prostate cancer diagnosis and potential treatment follow-up

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01834-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heather Johnson ◽

Jinan Guo ◽

Xuhui Zhang ◽

Heqiu Zhang ◽

Athanasios Simoulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Gene Panel ◽

Urine Test ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Benign Prostate

Abstract Background Heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to inaccurate cancer screening and diagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and overtreatment. We intended to develop non-invasive urine tests for accurate PCa diagnosis to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Methods Using a machine learning program, we identified a 25-Gene Panel classifier for distinguishing PCa and benign prostate. A non-invasive test using pre-biopsy urine samples collected without digital rectal examination (DRE) was used to measure gene expression of the panel using cDNA preamplification followed by real-time qRT-PCR. The 25-Gene Panel urine test was validated in independent multi-center retrospective and prospective studies. The diagnostic performance of the test was assessed against the pathological diagnosis from biopsy by discriminant analysis. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess its diagnostic improvement over PSA and risk factors. In addition, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was used to identify clinically significant PCa. Furthermore, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was assessed in a subset of patients to examine if cancer was detected after prostatectomy. Results The 25-Gene Panel urine test accurately detected cancer and benign prostate with AUC of 0.946 (95% CI 0.963–0.929) in the retrospective cohort (n = 614), AUC of 0.901 (0.929–0.873) in the prospective cohort (n = 396), and AUC of 0.936 (0.956–0.916) in the large combination cohort (n = 1010). It greatly improved diagnostic accuracy over PSA and risk factors (p < 0.0001). When it was combined with PSA, the AUC increased to 0.961 (0.980–0.942). Importantly, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was able to accurately identify clinically significant and insignificant PCa with AUC of 0.928 (95% CI 0.947–0.909) in the combination cohort (n = 727). In addition, it was able to show the absence of cancer after prostatectomy with high accuracy. Conclusions The 25-Gene Panel urine test is the first highly accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy method without DRE for PCa diagnosis. In clinical practice, it may be used for identifying patients in need of biopsy for cancer diagnosis and patients with clinically significant cancer for immediate treatment, and potentially assisting cancer treatment follow-up.

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