Dynamics of Acute H. Pylori Infection Based on Non Invasive Testing Following Challenge with a CAG +A-Positive Strain

Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L. lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes’ migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes’ movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB’s potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.

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Sensors for the detection of ammonia as a potential biomarker for health screening

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86686-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter P. Ricci ◽

Otto J. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Vapor Phase ◽

Detection System ◽

Health Screening ◽

The Body ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Screening Protocol ◽

H Pylori

AbstractThe presence of ammonia within the body has long been linked to complications stemming from the liver, kidneys, and stomach. These complications can be the result of serious conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), peptic ulcers, and recently COVID-19. Limited liver and kidney function leads to increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the body resulting in elevated levels of ammonia in the mouth, nose, and skin. Similarly, peptic ulcers, commonly from H. pylori, result in ammonia production from urea within the stomach. The presence of these biomarkers enables a potential screening protocol to be considered for frequent, non-invasive monitoring of these conditions. Unfortunately, detection of ammonia in these mediums is rather challenging due to relatively small concentrations and an abundance of interferents. Currently, there are no options available for non-invasive screening of these conditions continuously and in real-time. Here we demonstrate the selective detection of ammonia using a vapor phase thermodynamic sensing platform capable of being employed as part of a health screening protocol. The results show that our detection system has the remarkable ability to selectively detect trace levels of ammonia in the vapor phase using a single catalyst. Additionally, detection was demonstrated in the presence of interferents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone common in human breath. These results show that our thermodynamic sensors are well suited to selectively detect ammonia at levels that could potentially be useful for health screening applications.

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Modern knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of helicobacter infection

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-193-9-15-26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

H. Yu. Kiselev ◽

C. L. Gorlenko ◽

Ya. A. El-Taravi ◽

E. E. Porubayeva ◽

E. V. Budanova

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

World Wide ◽

International Agency ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Modern Knowledge ◽

H Pylori

Since its discovery, H. pylori infection is known as one of the risk factor for the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer, GIT tumors and numerous other diseases such as psoriasis. Infection caused by H. pylori is posed as the top oncogene in the risk of the development of gastrocarcinoma (First class oncogene by Classification of International Agency for Research of Cancer). That is why the elaboration of fast and accurate methods of diagnosis (non-invasive methods especially) and proper treatment of Helicobacter infection is still very important. Throughout the time, knowledge about pathogenesis of Helicobacter infection have been expanded with the detection of adhesins, chemotaxins and multiple virulence factors related to invasion, adhesion and cytotoxicity of H. pylori. Invasive and non-invasive methods of diagnostics are currently being improved in effectiveness and accuracy. But still, due to different factors (e. g., dramatically increasing drug resistance), eradication of H. pylori remains big problem world-wide. Our review represents modern data on pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of Helicobacter infection.

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21 P Prevalence and effect of helicobacter pylori CAG—A positive strain on young type I diabete patients

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/s1590-8658(02)90060-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. A16

Author(s):

M. Candelli ◽

D. Rigante ◽

G. Marietti ◽

E.C. Nista ◽

A. Schiavino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Type I ◽

Positive Strain ◽

Cag A

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Rapid Urin Test (RAPIRUN) as a Simple Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool of H. pylori Infection: A Meta Analysis

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2017.9366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 6662-6666

Author(s):

S Azalea ◽

E Rangganata ◽

A. F Syam

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

H Pylori

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Comparison of IL-6, IL-8 Concentrations in H. pylori- and non-H. pylori-associated Gastritis

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v6i3.29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽

Sahat Salim ◽

Ricky Rivalino Sitepu

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. The gastric mucosal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 have been reported to be increased in H. pylori infection, but the serum levels in H. pylori infection is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection.METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on eighty consecutive gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, Indonesia from May-October 2014. Histopathology was performed for the diagnosis of gastritis. Rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serum samples were obtained to determine circulating IL-6 and IL-8. Univariate and bivariate analysis (independent t test) were done.RESULTS: There were 41.25% patients infected with H. pylori. Circulatory IL-6 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori negative, but there were no differences between serum levels of IL-8 in H. pylori positive and negative patients.CONCLUSION: The immune response to H. pylori promotes systemic inflammation, which was reflected in an increased level of serum IL-6. Serum levels of IL-8 were not significantly different between H. pylori positive and negative.KEYWORDS: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, IL-6, IL-8, cytokine

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Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2014.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 114-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sohair B. Fayed ◽

Soha M. Abd El Dayem ◽

Ensaf Khalil ◽

Mona Abd El Kader ◽

Eatemad Abd El Halim

Keyword(s):

Age Of Onset ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Children ◽

Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

H Pylori ◽

Cag A

Objective: To evaluate H. pylori infection and virulent strain in diabetic children. Patients: In this study 53 type 1 diabetics and 53 of normal volunteers were included. Methods: All studied children were subjected to assessment of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), Anti H. pylori antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM), Anti-cytotoxin associated gene A antibodies (Anti Cag A IgG). Results: Anti H. pylori antibodies IgA, IgG, total antibodies and anti Cag A IgG were significantly higher in diabetics. Diabetic patients with positive anti Cag A IgG had a lower age of onset of diabetes, higher age of patients, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1. Conclusion: High prevalence of infection with the virulent strain of H. pylori among diabetic children with older age, large BMI, high HbA1 and younger age of onset of disease. The screening for the virulent strain in diabetic patients with poor metabolic control is mandatory. Control of diabetes is essential to present the infection with H. pylori.

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Urease Plays an Important Role in the Chemotactic Motility of Helicobacter pylori in a Viscous Environment

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.66.10.4832-4837.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (10) ◽

pp. 4832-4837 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Hiroki Nakamura ◽

Hironori Yoshiyama ◽

Hiroaki Takeuchi ◽

Tomoko Mizote ◽

Kiwamu Okita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Wild Type Strain ◽

Chemotactic Activity ◽

Acetohydroxamic Acid ◽

Wild Type ◽

Positive Strain ◽

Carbonyl Cyanide ◽

Viscous Solution ◽

H Pylori ◽

Gastric Mucous

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori exhibits chemotactic responses to urea, flurofamide, acetohydroxamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate. In buffer, the chemotactic activities of a urease-positive strain were higher than those of the isogenic urease-negative strain. Moreover, the chemotactic activities of the urease-positive strain were increased in a viscous solution containing 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone, whereas those of the urease-negative mutant were not. These results are in accordance with the fact that the mutant strain did not show swarming in motility agar regardless of having flagella. Incubation of the wild-type strain with flurofamide resulted in partial inhibition of the chemotactic activities in the viscous solution. In addition, incubation with acetohydroxamic acid, a low-molecular-weight, diffusible urease inhibitor, resulted in complete loss of chemotactic activity in the viscous solution. The inhibition of the chemotactic activity by urease inhibitors paralleled the inhibition of urease. The chemotactic activity of H. pylori was also inhibited by the proton carrier carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, showing that H. pylori utilizes proton motive force for motility. These results indicate that cytoplasmic urease plays an important role in the chemotactic motility of H. pylori under a condition that mimics the ecological niche of the bacterium, the gastric mucous layer.

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