Experimental study of the hydrothermal reactivity of organic acids and acid anions: II. Acetic acid, acetate, and valeric acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (19) ◽  
pp. 3645-3664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. McCollom ◽  
Jeffrey S. Seewald
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Acetate

THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN THE PIG: I. THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE PROPORTIONS OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN PIG FECES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diet Level

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of diet, level of feeding and age and/or weight on the proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the feces of pigs. Cellulose was added to the control ration fed in one experiment and dried whey or bran to that fed in another experiment. When the level of intake of the cellulose-supplemented ration was reduced, the digestibility of crude fiber in the ration increased. The proportion of fecal acetic acid also increased, but the difference observed did not reach statistical significance at P = 0.05. Differences in the proportion of acetic, butyric and valeric acid due to cellulose supplementation of the control ration were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The whey and the bran-supplemented rations gave statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) for the proportions of fecal valeric, propionic or acetic acid. The proportions of fecal VFA appeared to be relatively unaffected by the age and/or weight of pigs from weaning to market weight.

A SYNTHESIS OF α-NAPHTHYL-ACETIC ACID AND SOME HOMOLOGUES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. F. Manske ◽  
Archie E. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Diacetic Acid ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Crude Product ◽  
By Products

In the course of a study of the synthesis of α-naphthyl-acetic acid, a method was elaborated by Dr. A. Cambron that made available large quantities of α-chloromethyl-naphthalene. During the purification of the crude product and in the later stages of the synthesis we have encountered a number of by-products. Among others, these include methyl α-naphthyl-methyl ether, di-α-naphthyl-methyl ether, α-naphthyl carbinol, and 1:5-bis-chloromethyl-naphthalene. The last-named was converted into 1:5-naphthylene-diacetic acid, m.p. 280 °C., via the corresponding nitrile. δ-(1-Naphthyl)-valeric acid, m.p. 84 °C., and ε-(1-naphthyl)-hexoic acid, m.p. 62 °C., were synthesized by standard procedures.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Product Branching in the Reaction of Acetic Acid with OH Radicals

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 2401-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. De Smedt ◽  
X. V. Bui ◽  
T. L. Nguyen ◽  
J. Peeters ◽  
L. Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Product Branching

Mitigating the Antimicrobial Activities of Selected Organic Acids and Commercial Sanitizers with Various Neutralizing Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOEN JU PARK ◽  
JINRU CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Lactic Acids

This study was conducted to evaluate the abilities of five neutralizing agents, Dey-Engley (DE) neutralizing broth (single or double strength), morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and sodium thiosulfate buffer, in mitigating the activities of acetic or lactic acid (2%) and an alkaline or acidic sanitizer (a manufacturer-recommended concentration) againt the cells of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC; n = 9). To evaluate the possible toxicity of the neutralizing agents to the STEC cells, each STEC strain was exposed to each of the neutralizing agents at room temperature for 10 min. Neutralizing efficacy was evaluated by placing each STEC strain in a mixture of sanitizer and neutralizer under the same conditions. The neutralizing agents had no detectable toxic effect on the STEC strains. PBS was least effective for neutralizing the activity of selected organic acids and sanitizers. Single-strength DE and sodium thiosulfate neutralized the activity of both acetic and lactic acids. MOPS buffer neutralized the activity of acetic acid and lactic acid against six and five STEC strains, respectively. All neutralizing agents, except double-strength DE broth, had a limited neutralizing effect on the activity of the commercial sanitizers used in the study. The double-strength DE broth effectively neutralized the activity of the two commercial sanitizers with no detectable toxic effects on STEC cells.

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

scholarly journals Experimental Study On Pyrolysis of Rice Straw Catalyzed By CaO/Al2O3-Phosphate Mixture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianlian Xu ◽  
Zhongwen Xu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Yinmei Yuan ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract This paper studied the synergistic effects of CaO or Al2O3 and three potassium phosphates (e.g., KH2PO4, K2HPO4·3H2O and K3PO4·3H2O) in the rice stalk pyrolysis through pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) experiments. The results show that after co-catalyzed by CaO/Al2O3 and potassium phosphates, the total contents of phenols, aldehydes, acids, LG from most samples decrease and those of ketones increase compared with those catalyzed by potassium phosphates alone. CaO/Al2O3 and potassium phosphates show synergistic effects in the regulation of the types or contents of phenols, ketones, aldehydes, etc. and are suitable for the production of ketone-rich bio-oil. Dehydration reactions, etc. are further promoted under the co-catalysis of the two catalysts, and some phenols can be converted to benzene products, etc. The contents of acetic acid can decrease to 0. For 50% K3PO4.3H2O impregnated sample, the yields of furans reduce sharply after CaO addition. For most impregnated samples except 50% K2HPO4·3H2O sample and 30%, 50% K3PO4.3H2O, the contents of total furans and furfural increase after Al2O3 addition.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Multi-Drug Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and Wild-Type Escherichia coli STEC Using Organic Acids: A Potential Alternative to the Food Industry

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Vinicius Silva Castro ◽  
Yhan da Silva Mutz ◽  
Denes Kaic Alves Rosario ◽  
Adelino Cunha-Neto ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the main bacterial species involved in food outbreaks worldwide. Recent reports showed that chemical sanitizers commonly used to control these pathogens could induce antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the efficiency of chemical sanitizers and organic acids when inactivating wild and clinical strains of Salmonella and E. coli, targeting a 4-log reduction. To achieve this goal, three methods were applied. (i) Disk-diffusion challenge for organic acids. (ii) Determination of MIC for two acids (acetic and lactic), as well as two sanitizers (quaternary compound and sodium hypochlorite). (iii) The development of inactivation models from the previously defined concentrations. In disk-diffusion, the results indicated that wild strains have higher resistance potential when compared to clinical strains. Regarding the models, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid showed a linear pattern of inactivation, while sodium hypochlorite had a linear pattern with tail dispersion, and acetic acid has Weibull dispersion to E. coli. The concentration to 4-log reduction differed from Salmonella and E. coli in acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. The use of organic acids is an alternative method for antimicrobial control. Our study indicates the levels of organic acids and sanitizers to be used in the inactivation of emerging foodborne pathogens.

Organically Modified Silica-Based Xerogels Derived from 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-Isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane through Carboxylic Acid Solvolysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianshe Fu ◽  
Rute A. Sá Ferreira ◽  
Sonia S. Nobre ◽  
Luís D. Carlos ◽  
João Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Silica Xerogels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Organically Modified Silica

Organically-modified silica xerogels from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES) have been synthesized through carboxylic acid (formic acid, acetic acid and valeric acid) solvolysis. The resulting hybrid materials have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, mid-infrared spectroscopy, 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results show that urea cross-links have been formed in these hybrids. The luminescence features depend on the selected carboxylic acids. For example, comparatively to the hybrids derived from formic and acetic acid solvolysis, valeric acid shows a red-shift of the emission features.

Different temperatures select distinctive acetic acid bacteria species and promotes organic acids production during Kombucha tea fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Filippis ◽  
Antonio Dario Troise ◽  
Paola Vitaglione ◽  
Danilo Ercolini
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Kombucha Tea ◽  
Different Temperatures
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