CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIZE SPECTRUM AND PARTICLE TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL DEPENDING ON AIR MASS ORIGIN AND ITS METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. S1033-S1034
Author(s):  
A. PUGATŠOVA ◽  
E. TAMM
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Mass Origin

Microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol depending on air mass origin

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S187-S188
Author(s):  
M. Fischer ◽  
G. Jennings ◽  
A. Mirme ◽  
E. Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Mass Origin

A four-year size-segregated characterization study of particles PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 depending on air mass origin at Melpitz

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Spindler ◽  
E. Brüggemann ◽  
T. Gnauk ◽  
A. Grüner ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Mass ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Air Mass Origin

scholarly journals Seasonal characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) based on high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometric (HR-ToF-AMS) measurements at the HKUST Supersite in Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Li ◽  
B. P. Lee ◽  
L. Su ◽  
J. C. H. Fung ◽  
C.K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Air Mass Origin

Abstract. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive measurements at high time resolution for tracking its dynamic features and the lack of long-term observation for tracking its seasonal variability. Here, we present highly time-resolved and seasonal compositions and characteristics of non-refractory components in PM with a diameter less than 1 μm (NR-PM1) at a suburban site in Hong Kong. The measurements were made with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Air Quality Research Supersite for 4 months, with one in each season of the year. The average NR-PM1 concentration of ~ 15 μg m−3 is higher than those AMS measurements made in South Korea and Japan, but lower than those in North China, the Yangtze River Delta and the nearby Pearl River Delta. The seasonal dependence of the total NR-PM1 monthly averaged concentrations was small, but that of the fractions of the species in NR-PM1 was significant. Site characteristic plays an important role in the relative fractions of species in NR-PM1 and our results are generally consistent with measurements at other non-urban sites in this regard. Detailed analyses were conducted on the AMS data in the aspects of (1) species concentrations, (2) size distributions, (3) degree of oxygenation of organics, and (4) positive matrix factorization (PMF)-resolved organic factors in a seasonal context, as well as with air mass origin from back-trajectory analysis. Sulfate had the highest fraction in NR-PM1 (> 40%), and the surrogates of secondary organic species – semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) and low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LVOOA) – prevailed (~ 80%) in the organic portion of NR-PM1. Local contributions to the organic portion of NR-PM1 at this suburban site was strongly dependent on season. The hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) factor related to local traffic emissions contributed > 10% to organic aerosols in spring and summer but only 6–7% in autumn and winter. The cooking organic aerosol (COA) factor contributed > 10% to organic aerosols in winter. With the aid of highly time-resolved data, diurnal patterns of the degree of oxygenation of organic aerosols were used to determine the sources and formation processes of the least understood organic portion of PM. The oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio (O : C) and average carbon oxidation state OS C) showed little variation in autumn and winter, when the long-range transport of oxidized organics dominated, whereas they peaked in the afternoon in spring and summer, when locally produced secondary organic aerosol prevailed. Air mass origin, in contrast, had a strong influence on both NR-PM1 concentrations and the fractions of species in NR-PM1. The findings of the current study provide a better understanding of the role of air mass origin in the seasonal characteristics of the PM composition and the relative importance of local vs. transported organic aerosols in this region.

Changes of air pollutants’ concentrations in selected Romanian cities during the pandemic year 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Iorga ◽  
George-Bogdan Burghelea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Air Mass

<p>Present research contributes to scientific knowledge concerning spatial and temporal variation of major air pollutants with high resolution at the country scale bringing statistical information on concentrations of NOx, O<sub>3</sub>, CO, SO<sub>2</sub> and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) and below 2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) during the pandemic year 2020 using an observational data set from the Romanian National Air Quality Network in seven selected cities spread out over the country. These cities have different level of development, play regional roles, might have potential influence at European scale and they are expected to be impacted by different pollution sources. Among them, three cities (Bucharest, Brașov, Iași) appear frequently on the list of the European Commission with reference to the infringement procedure that the European Commission launched against Romania in the period 2007-2020 regarding air quality.</p><p>Air pollutant data was complemented with local meteorological parameters at each site (atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, global solar radiation, wind speed and direction). Statistics of air pollutants provide us with an overview of air pollution in main Romanian cities.  Correlations between meteorological parameters and ambient pollutant levels were analyzed. Lowest air pollution levels were measured during the lockdown period in spring, as main traffic and non-essential activities were severely restricted. Among exceptions were the construction activities that were not interrupted. During 2020, some of selected cities experienced few pollution episodes which were due to dust transport from Sahara desert. However, in Bucharest metropolitan area, some cases with high pollution level were found correlated with local anthropogenic activity namely, waste incinerations. Air mass origins were investigated for 72 hours back by computing the air mass backward trajectories using the HYSPLIT model. Dust load and spatial distribution of the aerosol optical depth with BSC-DREAM8b v2.0 and NMBM/BSC-Dust models showed the area with dust particles transport during the dust events.</p><p>The obtained results are important for investigations of sources of air pollution and for modeling of air quality.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Acknowledgment:</strong></p><p>The research leading to these results has received funding from the NO Grants 2014-2021, under Project contract no. 31/2020, EEA-RO-NO-2019-0423 project. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for HYSPLIT transport model, available at READY website https://www.ready.noaa.gov  and the Barcelona dust forecast center for BSC-DREAM8b and NMBM/BSC-Dust models, available at:  https://ess.bsc.es/bsc-dust-daily-forecast are also acknowledged. The data regarding ground-based air pollution and meteorology by site was extracted from the public available Romanian National Air Quality Database, www.calitateaer.ro.</p>

The rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR station

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmas Hõrrak ◽  
Xuemeng Chen ◽  
Kristo Hõrrak ◽  
Uko Rand ◽  
Kaupo Komsaare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rate Enhancement ◽  
Gamma Radiation Dose

<p>The SMEAR Estonia station (58.277663 N, 27.308266 E, 36 m a.s.l.) was established in south-east of Estonia at the Järvselja Experimental Forestry in 2012 to investigate the atmosphere-biosphere interactions and atmospheric aerosol formation and growth.</p><p>In summer 2019, the gamma-radiation monitor GammaTRACER XL2-3 (Saphymo GmbH) was set up at Järvselja station and the rain sensor DRD11A (Vaisala Oyj) in autumn 2019. These devices enable to measure the gamma-radiation dose rate and precipitation intensity, which affect the ionization rate of atmospheric air close to ground, with high accuracy and time resolution, and complement our measurement system of atmospheric ions and aerosol particles.</p><p>The gamma-radiation dose rate measurements at about 1.2 m above the ground reveled on relatively steady background about 70 nSv/h occasional events with increase up to about 110 nSv/h, which correlated well with rainfall intensity. Commonly such events last 3-4 hours, but in specific meteorological situation with continuous long-lasting rain and air mass movement from southerly directions the effect can last 2-3 days, resulting in gradual increase in gamma-radiation dose rate level during about 24 h.</p><p>Such a phenomenon is known to occur due to wet deposition of radioactive aerosol particles during rain, namely due to the radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) short-lived daughter progeny products (Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214) attached to atmospheric aerosol particles. The radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) daughter progeny involvement is confirmed by simultaneous gamma-spectrometric measurements with SARA AGS711F (Envinet GmbH) at Tõravere station (58° 15' 52,9" N, 26° 27' 42,1", 72 m), located about 50.3 km west from the Järvselja SMEAR station. The gamma dose rates showed very similar temporal behavior when both stations were affected by the same air mass with precipitation zone passing over the stations.</p><p>To our best knowledge, the details of rain-induced enhancement of gamma-radiation dose rate and atmospheric processes behind the phenomenon are not well known and are worth future investigations. The events of rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR and Tõravere station are analyzed and discussed in more detail in the presentation and the spatial representativity of the phenomenon is estimated based on the gamma-radiation monitoring network data of Estonian Early Warning System.</p>

scholarly journals Long-term real-time chemical characterization of submicron aerosols at Montsec (southern Pyrenees, 1570 m a.s.l.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 2935-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ripoll ◽  
M. C. Minguillón ◽  
J. Pey ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
D. A. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Air Mass Origin

Abstract. Real-time measurements of inorganic (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and black carbon (BC)) and organic submicron aerosols (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 μm) from a continental background site (Montsec, MSC, 1570 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) were conducted for 10 months (July 2011–April 2012). An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was co-located with other online and offline PM1 measurements. Analyses of the hourly, diurnal, and seasonal variations are presented here, for the first time, for this region. Seasonal trends in PM1 components are attributed to variations in evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, air mass origin, and meteorological conditions. In summer, the higher temperature and solar radiation increases convection, enhancing the growth of the PBL and the transport of anthropogenic pollutants towards high altitude sites. Furthermore, the regional recirculation of air masses over the WMB creates a continuous increase in the background concentrations of PM1 components and causes the formation of reservoir layers at relatively high altitudes. The combination of all these atmospheric processes results in a high variability of PM1 components, with poorly defined daily patterns, except for the organic aerosols (OA). OA was mostly composed (up to 90%) of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), split in two types: semivolatile (SV-OOA) and low-volatility (LV-OOA), the rest being hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). The marked diurnal cycles of OA components regardless of the air mass origin indicates that they are not only associated with anthropogenic and long-range-transported secondary OA (SOA) but also with recently produced biogenic SOA. Very different conditions drive the aerosol phenomenology in winter at MSC. The thermal inversions and the lower vertical development of the PBL leave MSC in the free troposphere most of the day, being affected by PBL air masses only after midday, when the mountain breezes transport emissions from the adjacent valleys and plains to the top of the mountain. This results in clear diurnal patterns of both organic and inorganic concentrations. OA was also mainly composed (71%) of OOA, with contributions from HOA (5%) and biomass burning OA (BBOA; 24%). Moreover, in winter sporadic long-range transport from mainland Europe is observed. The results obtained in the present study highlight the importance of SOA formation processes at a remote site such as MSC, especially in summer. Additional research is needed to characterize the sources and processes of SOA formation at remote sites.

scholarly journals Air-mass origin as a diagnostic of tropospheric transport

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Orbe ◽  
Mark Holzer ◽  
Lorenzo M. Polvani ◽  
Darryn Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Mass Origin

scholarly journals CO, NO<sub>x</sub> and <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> as tracers for fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub>: results from a pilot study in Paris during winter 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7343-7358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lopez ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
M. Delmotte ◽  
A. Colomb ◽  
V. Gros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Plant Respiration ◽  
Air Mass Origin

Abstract. Measurements of the mole fraction of the CO2 and its isotopes were performed in Paris during the MEGAPOLI winter campaign (January–February 2010). Radiocarbon (14CO2) measurements were used to identify the relative contributions of 77% CO2 from fossil fuel consumption (CO2ff from liquid and gas combustion) and 23% from biospheric CO2 (CO2 from the use of biofuels and from human and plant respiration: CO2bio). These percentages correspond to average mole fractions of 26.4 ppm and 8.2 ppm for CO2ff and CO2bio, respectively. The 13CO2 analysis indicated that gas and liquid fuel contributed 70% and 30%, respectively, of the CO2 emission from fossil fuel use. Continuous measurements of CO and NOx and the ratios CO/CO2ff and NOx/CO2ff derived from radiocarbon measurements during four days make it possible to estimate the fossil fuel CO2 contribution over the entire campaign. The ratios CO/CO2ff and NOx/CO2ff are functions of air mass origin and exhibited daily ranges of 7.9 to 14.5 ppb ppm−1 and 1.1 to 4.3 ppb ppm−1, respectively. These ratios are consistent with different emission inventories given the uncertainties of the different approaches. By using both tracers to derive the fossil fuel CO2, we observed similar diurnal cycles with two maxima during rush hour traffic.

scholarly journals Estimating relationships between air mass origin and chemical composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D5) ◽  
pp. 5005-5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Methven ◽  
Mathew Evans ◽  
Peter Simmonds ◽  
Gerard Spain
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Mass Origin
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