THE RECOVERY OF HYDROCYANIC ACID FROM FUMIGATED CITRUS LEAVES

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

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Effect of Adjuvants on Oxytetracycline Uptake upon Foliar Application in Citrus

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9100677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Nabil Killiny ◽

Faraj Hijaz ◽

Pedro Gonzalez-Blanco ◽

Shelley E. Jones ◽

Myrtho O. Pierre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Water Addition ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Citrus Huanglongbing ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Trunk Injection ◽

Citrus Leaves ◽

Target Effects

Recently in Florida, foliar treatments using products with the antibiotics oxytetracycline and streptomycin have been approved for the treatment of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by the putative bacterial pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. Herein, we assessed the levels of oxytetracycline and ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ titers in citrus trees upon foliar applications with and without a variety of commercial penetrant adjuvants and upon trunk injection. The level of oxytetracycline in citrus leaves was measured using an oxytetracycline ELISA kit and ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ titer was measured using quantitative PCR. Low levels of oxytetracycline were taken up by citrus leaves after foliar sprays of oxytetracycline in water. Addition of various adjuvants to the oxytetracycline solution showed minimal effects on its uptake by citrus leaves. The level of oxytetracycline in leaves from trunk-injected trees was higher than those treated with all foliar applications. The titer of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ in the midrib of leaves from trees receiving oxytetracycline by foliar application was not affected after four days and thirty days of application, whereas the titer was significantly reduced in oxytetracycline-injected trees thirty days after treatment. Investigation of citrus leaves using microscopy showed that they are covered by a thick lipidized cuticle. Perforation of citrus leaf cuticle with a laser significantly increased the uptake of oxytetracycline, decreasing the titer of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ in citrus leaves upon foliar application. Taken together, our findings indicate that trunk injection is more efficient than foliar spray even after the use of adjuvants. Our conclusion could help in setting useful recommendations for the application of oxytetracycline in citrus to improve tree health, minimize the amount of applied antibiotic, reduce environmental exposure, and limit off-target effects.

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Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits and Inoculation Effects on Triticum durum of Actinomycetes Isolates under Salt Stress Conditions

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems5020026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Rihab Djebaili ◽

Marika Pellegrini ◽

Massimiliano Rossi ◽

Cinzia Forni ◽

Maria Smati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Greenhouse Experiment ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

In Vitro Assays

This study aimed to characterize the halotolerant capability, in vitro, of selected actinomycetes strains and to evaluate their competence in promoting halo stress tolerance in durum wheat in a greenhouse experiment. Fourteen isolates were tested for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia production under different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl). The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also investigated. Salinity tolerance was evaluated in durum wheat through plant growth and development parameters: shoot and root length, dry and ash-free dry weight, and the total chlorophyll content, as well as proline accumulation. In vitro assays have shown that the strains can solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia under different salt concentrations. Most of the strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, with significant amounts of α-ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strains improved the morpho-biochemical parameters of durum wheat plants, which also recorded significantly higher content of chlorophylls and proline than those uninoculated, both under normal and stressed conditions. Our results suggest that inoculation of halotolerant actinomycetes can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress and allow normal growth and development of durum wheat plants.

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Identification and function prediction of iron-deficiency-responsive microRNAs in citrus leaves

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-021-02669-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Long-Fei Jin ◽

Rajesh Yarra ◽

Xin-Xing Yin ◽

Yong-Zhong Liu ◽

Hong-Xing Cao

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Function Prediction ◽

Citrus Leaves ◽

And Function

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INSECTICIDAL FUMIGATION IN SHIPS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF HYDROCYANIC ACID AND TO THE PREVENTION OF SHIP‐BORNE YELLOW FEVER

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.1916.tb90701.x ◽

1916 ◽

Vol 2 (19) ◽

pp. 384-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. E. Corlette

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid

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Automated Detection of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Citrus Leaves Based on Colour and VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11051002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1002

Author(s):

María Gyomar Gonzalez-Gonzalez ◽

Jose Blasco ◽

Sergio Cubero ◽

Patricia Chueca

Keyword(s):

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Vision System ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Citrus Leaves ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important citrus pest that produces chlorotic spots on the leaves and scars on the fruit of affected trees. It is detected by visual inspection of the leaves. This work studies the potential of colour and hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) under laboratory conditions as a fast and automatic method to detect the damage caused by this pest. The ability of a traditional vision system to differentiate this pest from others, such as Phyllocnistis citrella, and other leaf problems such as those caused by nutritional deficiencies, has been studied and compared with a more advanced hyperspectral system. To analyse the colour images, discriminant analysis has been used to classify the pixels as belonging to either a damaged or healthy leaves. In contrast, the hyperspectral images have been analysed using PLS DA. The rate of detection of the damage caused by T. urticae with colour images reached 92.5%, while leaves that did not present any damage were all correctly identified. Other problems such as damage by P. citrella were also correctly discriminated from T. urticae. Moreover, hyperspectral imaging allowed damage caused by T. urticae to be discriminated from healthy leaves and to distinguish between recent and mature leaves, which indicates whether it is a recent or an older infestation. Furthermore, good results were achieved in the discrimination between damage caused by T. urticae, P. citrella, and nutritional deficiencies.

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Effect of Petroleum Oil Spray on Photosynthesis and Respiration in Citrus Leaves

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.27.2.269 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. T. Wedding ◽

L. A. Riehl ◽

W. A. Rhoads

Keyword(s):

Citrus Leaves ◽

Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽

Petroleum Oil

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