A controlled study of the effect of temperature on premature babies

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jolly ◽  
P. Molyneux ◽  
D.J. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Premature Babies

EARLY FEEDING OF DEXTROSE AND SALINE SOLUTION TO PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
William Allen Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Hyaline Membranes ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Physiologic Responses

Conflicting opinions concerning the optimum age at which to commence feeding premature infants have resulted in either early or late regimens. In order to test the hypothesis that the early administration of fluids to premature babies was beneficial, a controlled study of 50 newborn premature subjects was undertaken. Fluids consisting of 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline were started before the age of 6 hours by constant drip through a nasogastric plastic catheter in 24 subjects selected by a predesigned method using a table of random permutations. The average intake during the test period was 54.5 ml/kg/24 hours. The other 26 control subjects received no fluids until age 36 hours, when both groups were started on formula. There was no alteration of symptoms of respiratory distress in the group receiving early feedings. One-half of these subjects did not lose weight while being fed the dextrose and saline solution. They promptly lost weight, however, when regular milk feedings were commenced. The seven infants who died had similar pathologic findings. It was noted that three of the five in the fluid treated group also had pulmonary hyaline membranes. There were no hyaline membranes in the lungs of the two subjects deprived of water. From this study neither beneficial nor detrimental effects of early feeding could be demonstrated by use of the criteria of dyspnea or mortality. The question of when to start to feed premature babies is still unanswered. There is need for further feeding trials, in which associations among age of commencement, nature of substances fed and the consequent physiologic responses, can be observed.

scholarly journals Mindful Kangaroo Care: mindfulness intervention for mothers during skin-to-skin care: a randomized control pilot study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Landry ◽  
Kumar Kumaran ◽  
Juzer M. Tyebkhan ◽  
Valerie Levesque ◽  
Marcello Spinella
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Newborn Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Parents of babies admitted to the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) undergo considerable stress. There is evidence that mindfulness reduces stress in these parents. Kangaroo Care (KC) is practiced in NICUs across the world and is stress-relieving. Whether mindfulness practiced during KC in the NICU reduces parental distress has not yet been studied. The objective was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of teaching and practicing mindfulness during KC for mothers of premature babies. The objective was also to document preliminary outcomes of Mindful Kangaroo Care (MKC) on maternal stress, anxiety, depression, and mindful awareness. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled study, mothers of premature babies who were expected to stay in the NICU for at least four weeks were taught two mindfulness exercises to practice during KC and compared to mothers who received standard care with no mindfulness teaching. Mothers filled out stress, anxiety, depression and mindful awareness scales at recruitment and after four weeks. Acceptability and feasibility questionnaires were also completed. Results Fifteen mothers per group completed the study. The MKC group demonstrated a significant within-group reduction in anxiety (p = 0.003), depression (p = 0.02) and stress (p = 0.002), and a significant increase in both the curiosity (p = 0.008) and decentering (p = 0.01) scores of the Toronto Mindfulness Scale, all of which had medium to large effect sizes. Only the increases in curiosity and decentering were significant between groups. Fourteen mothers found the intervention acceptable, one neutral. Conclusion MKC was acceptable, feasible and led to a reduction in stress, anxiety and depression in mothers who practiced mindfulness exercises during KC.

scholarly journals Cardio-Respiratory Events and Food Autonomy Responses to Early Uni-Modal Orofacial Stimulation in Very Premature Babies : A Randomized, Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahra Meziane ◽  
Véronique Brévaut-Malaty ◽  
Aurélie Garbi ◽  
Muriel Busuttil ◽  
Gaelle Sorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundThe Uni-modal OroFacial Stimulation (OFS) for preventing very preterm infants’ oral disorders is highly controversial. Our study sought to demonstrate that OFS reduced cardio-respiratory events and improved food autonomy in a population of very preterm infants.MethodsRandomized, controlled, prospective, and unicentric study. Preterm included were born between 26-29 week‘s gestational age (GA) and with a corrected postnatal age <33 week’s GA. They were randomized in two groups: experimental group underwent an OFS according to a protocol established over 10 consecutive days, and the control group underwent no OFS. The primary outcome were the number of cardiorespiratory events: apnea-bradycardia (with or without desaturations) or number of isolated desaturations which were evaluated at four separate times. The measurement occurred during a first, four and eight independent feedings. Results17 patients in the experimental group and 18 in the control group were included. The number of cardiorespiratory events for all independent- feedings time was significantly reduced in the OFS group (p = 0.003) in the univariate analysis but not in multivariable analysis. There were no signs of poor tolerance noted in the protocol. The quantity of milk ingested during the first autonomous feeding was higher in the experimental group. The acquisition of food autonomy and the duration of the hospitalization stay were similar in the two groups.ConclusionsWhile our study does not affirm that an early unimodal OFS improves the premature infants’ cardiorespiratory evolution and/or the acquisition of food autonomy, it does indicate an improved food efficiency during their first autonomous feedings.The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT01116765, on May 2010.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of an incentive strategy on the questionnaire response rate in parents of premature babies: a randomised controlled Study Within A Trial (SWAT) nested within SIFT

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Juszczak ◽  
Oliver Hewer ◽  
Christopher Partlett ◽  
Madeleine Hurd ◽  
Vasha Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Loss to follow-up resulting in missing outcomes compromises the validity of trial results by reducing statistical power, negatively affecting generalisability and undermining assumptions made at analysis, leading to potentially biased and misleading results. Evidence that incentives are effective at improving response rates exists, but there is little evidence regarding the best approach, especially in the field of perinatal medicine. The NIHR-funded SIFT trial follow-up of infants at 2 years of age provided an ideal opportunity to address this remaining uncertainty. Methods Participants: parents of infants from participating neonatal units in the UK and Ireland followed up for SIFT (multicentre RCT investigating two speeds of feeding in babies with gestational age at birth < 32 weeks and/or birthweight < 1500 g). Interventions: parents were randomly allocated to receive incentives (£15 gift voucher) before or after questionnaire return. The objective was to establish whether offering an unconditional incentive in advance or promising an incentive on completion of a questionnaire (conditional) improved the response rate in parents of premature babies. The primary outcome was questionnaire response rate. Permuted block randomisation was performed (variable size blocks), stratified by SIFT allocation (slower/faster feeds) and single/multiple birth. Multiple births were given the same incentives allocation. Parents were unaware that they were in an incentives SWAT; SIFT office staff were not blinded to allocation. Results Parents of 923 infants were randomised: 459 infants allocated to receive incentive before, 464 infants allocated to receive incentive after; analysis was by intention to treat. Allocation to the incentive before completion led to a significantly higher response rate, 83.0% (381/459) compared to the after-completion group, 76.1% (353/464); adjusted absolute difference of 6.8% (95% confidence interval 1.6% to 12.0%). Giving an incentive in advance is the more costly approach, but the mean difference of ~£3 per infant is small given the higher return. Conclusions An unconditional incentive in advance led to a significantly higher response rate compared to the promise of an incentive on completion. Against a backdrop of falling response rates to questionnaires, incentives can be an effective way to increase returns. Trial registration SIFT (ISRCTN76463425). Registered on March 5, 2013.; SWAT registration (SWAT 69 available from http://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/TheNorthernIrelandNetworkforTrialsMethodologyResearch/FileStore/Filetoupload,864297,en.pdf). Registered on June 27, 2016.

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

Studies on Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry of Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Xia Mingyu ◽  
Ma Wengshu ◽  
Wu Xiangh ◽  
Chen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Myocardial Biopsy ◽  
Morphological Assessment ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

This paper describes morphological and cytochemistry changes of endomyocardial biopsy in 94 patients. The samples of myoicardium were taken from 32 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and sdudied with light and electron microscop. The cytochemical studies in some of these patients were performed at histological and ultrastructure level. This paper also reported the result of myocardial biopsy in 33 patients with serious dysrythmia.The result of this controlled study indicates that morphological assessment in both cardiomyopathy and congenital or rheumatic heart diseases showed no special changes. In patients of dilated cardiomyopathy, the decreased activity of myosin ATPase was secondary to cardial failure. The change of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHase) was not significant with light microscopy. But ultrastructural localization of SDHase activity is valuable. Its activity was found to be localized in endomembrane and ridge of the mitochondria, the activity of this enzyme was decrease, normal, or increase. SDHase activity was more intense in cardial myocytes well-functioning, or ultrastructurally well preserved hearts.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

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