Effect of hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy and alloxan diabetes on incorporation of fatty acids into esters by the small intestine in vitro

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

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Effect of fasting on esterification of fatty acids by the small intestine in vitro

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.207.6.1207 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 207 (6) ◽

pp. 1207-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alvin M. Gelb ◽

Morton I. Davidson ◽

Jacques I. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Inert Substance ◽

Intestinal Segments ◽

Significant Change

Fasting for periods up to and including 12–13 hr produced no significant change in esterification of myristic acid-1-C14 by the small intestine of hamsters in vitro. However, fasting for 18–19 hr, 22–24 hr, and 46–48 hr produced a significant decrease. This was partially reversed by feeding 1 hr prior to sacrifice, but was not altered by the ingestion of an inert substance. Esterification in fasted animals was significantly increased by glucose, parenterally prior to sacrifice, and when added in vitro. Intragastric administration of glycerol also increased esterification in fasted animals, although in vitro addition had no effect. An intermediate of glucose metabolism, dl-α-glycerophosphate, did not influence esterification. After a 46- to 48-hr fast no change in per cent protein in intestinal segments was noted.

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In vitro esterification of cholesterol by pancreatic juice and by acetone powder extracts of small intestine: the effect of unsaturated fatty acids upon esterification with saturated fatty acids

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38988-4 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 228-232

Author(s):

S.N. Shah ◽

W.J. Lossow ◽

I.L. Chaikoff

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Pancreatic Juice ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acetone Powder

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Effect of fatty acid structure on esterification by the small intestine in vitro

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.204.5.821 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 204 (5) ◽

pp. 821-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alvin M. Gelb ◽

Jacques I. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Chain Length ◽

Degree Of Unsaturation ◽

Fatty Acid Structure ◽

Acid Structure

The effect of chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FA) on in vitro esterification by slices of hamster small intestine was observed in a medium containing C14-labeled FA. After incubation, lipids were extracted and separated and the radioactivity in the esterified lipids was measured. Comparative experiments, in which results were expressed as per cent of substrate esterified per 100 mg tissue, indicate that for saturated FA, maximal esterification occurred with myristic acid, 14 carbons. As chain length was either increased or decreased, percentage esterification decreased. FA with 8 carbons or less were only minimally esterified. Among 18-carbon FA, two unsaturated bonds significantly decreased percentage esterification, although one unsaturated bond did not. These results suggest that, at least in vitro, the small bowel esterifies FA at varying rates depending upon chain length and degree of unsaturation. These differences are in the same direction as differences in absorption and partition of FA in vivo previously reported by others.

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Quantitative aspects of intestinal fat absorption in young pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19680083 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 739-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C. P. Freeman ◽

D. E. Noakes ◽

E. F. Annison ◽

K. J. Hill

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Micellar Solutions ◽

Fat Absorption ◽

Young Pigs ◽

Intestinal Contents ◽

Intestinal Fat Absorption

1. The uptake of lipid by the small intestine of the pig was examined by the perfusion of a segment of the jejunum with radioactively labelled lipid in vivo. The rate at which lipid was presented to the small intestine under specific dietary regimes was also examined by means of re-entrant fistulas in the duodenum and jejunum.2. The capacity of the small intestine to absorb micellar lipid, prepared in vitro or isolated from intestinal contents, was much in excess of the normal rate of flow of fat into the small intestine.3. There was little uptake of lipid when emulsions of oleic acid were examined, suggesting that the absorption of particulate fat is probably of little importance in pigs.4.No specificity in the removal of fatty acids from their mixed micellar solutions was observed.

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An effect of alloxan-diabetes on the active transport of sugars by rat small intestine, in vitro

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/0006-291x(61)90304-7 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 436-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Robert K. Crane

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Active Transport ◽

Alloxan Diabetes ◽

Rat Small Intestine

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Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142311 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

A. J. Tousimis

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Isotope Labeling ◽

Structural Components ◽

X Ray ◽

Human Small Intestine ◽

Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

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