Extraction and quantification of chlorophyll a from freshwater green algae

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2220-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Simon ◽  
Stuart Helliwell
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Data and Machine Learning for Estimating CDOM, Chlorophyll a, Diatoms, Green Algae and Turbidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Keller ◽  
Philipp Maier ◽  
Felix Riese ◽  
Stefan Norra ◽  
Andreas Holbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Regression Framework

Inland waters are of great importance for scientists as well as authorities since they are essential ecosystems and well known for their biodiversity. When monitoring their respective water quality, in situ measurements of water quality parameters are spatially limited, costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a combination of hyperspectral data and machine learning methods to estimate and therefore to monitor different parameters for water quality. In contrast to commonly-applied techniques such as band ratios, this approach is data-driven and does not rely on any domain knowledge. We focus on CDOM, chlorophyll a and turbidity as well as the concentrations of the two algae types, diatoms and green algae. In order to investigate the potential of our proposal, we rely on measured data, which we sampled with three different sensors on the river Elbe in Germany from 24 June–12 July 2017. The measurement setup with two probe sensors and a hyperspectral sensor is described in detail. To estimate the five mentioned variables, we present an appropriate regression framework involving ten machine learning models and two preprocessing methods. This allows the regression performance of each model and variable to be evaluated. The best performing model for each variable results in a coefficient of determination R 2 in the range of 89.9% to 94.6%. That clearly reveals the potential of the machine learning approaches with hyperspectral data. In further investigations, we focus on the generalization of the regression framework to prepare its application to different types of inland waters.

scholarly journals Research of pigments of blue-green algae spirulina platensis for practical use in confectionery technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
T. K. Kalenik ◽  
E. V. Dobrynina ◽  
V. M. Ostapenko ◽  
Y. Torii ◽  
J. Hiromi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Synthetic Origin

The article presents a study of the process of isolation of natural blue pigment – phycocyanin from the biomass of blue-green algae Spirulina platensis by water extraction, followed using its water solution as a natural food colorant in the production of milk chocolate. Recently, modern food enterprises are pursuing their policy towards expanding the range of products, which is closely related to the increasing needs of the population in food of a new kind. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of food additives of both natural and synthetic origin. Among the similar components widespread found dyes synthetic origin, which have high coverage rates and relatively low cost. However, many of the permitted in our country synthetic food dyes are banned in several developed countries as potentially dangerous to health. Synthetic dyes of red, yellow and green color have many natural analogues – carotenoids, lutein, chlorophyll, etc., except for the blue dye, the analogue of which is only anthocyanins, which are unstable depending on the pH conditions. In this article were identified phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a in a water extract of spirulina. The mass concentration of phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a was determined by spectrophotometric method before and after the addition of ammonium sulfate. A comparative analysis of the effect of fractionation (salting out) on the degree of purification of the phycocyanin solution. Presented and described the technological scheme of extraction of phycocyanin which allows to use it in food technologies as an extract or a dry powder. Established the concentration of phycocyanin extract from blue-green algae spirulina to produce milk blue chocolate. Determined organoleptic and hygienic characteristics of the finished product

Pre-treating algae-laden raw water by silver carp during Microcystis-dominated and non-Microcystis-dominated periods

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ma ◽  
Fuyi Cui ◽  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Filter Feeding

Performance of pre-treating algae-laden raw water by silver carp during a non-Microcystis-dominated period (period I) and a Microcystis-dominated period (period II) was investigated in terms of algae cell concentration, total phosphorus content, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton species structure. During period I the ineffective filter-feeding for small green algae resulted in the increase of small single algae, which led to the negative removal of chlorophyll a, and when the biomass was higher, the negative was more significant. However, due to the effective filter-feeding of silver carp for Microcystis flos-aquae, the average removal efficiency exceeded 50% at all stocking biomass levels (20–120 g/m3) used in experiments during period II. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies could exceed 50% at silver carp biomass stocking levels of 60–80 g/m3 during both period I and period II. The experimental results indicated that silver carp stocking contributed to the removal of colony-forming cyanobacteria, but led to the increase of single-cell algae (mainly green algae and diatoms) during both period I and period II. The initial phytoplankton community structure and the control of nutrient level were important factors in the choice of silver carp stocking biomass when used to purify algae-loaded water.

Comparison of Chlorophyll a Extractions with Ethanol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Acetone, and a Concern about Spectrophotometric Phaeopigment Correction

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Webb ◽  
B. K. Burnison ◽  
A. M. Trimbee ◽  
E. E. Prepas
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
North Central ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Hplc Analyses

Chlorophyll a (Chl a) in water samples from three mesotrophic to eutrophic lakes in north-central Alberta was extracted with one of three solvents (95% ethanol, 90% ethanol, or a 2:3 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and 90% acetone (DMSO/acetone)) and analyzed by two techniques (spectrophotometry and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The dominant phytoplankton were blue-green algae and diatoms. Total Chl a concentrations (i.e. no correction for phaeopigments (Pha)) were not significantly different among solvents (P > 0.5). Total Chl a concentrations from spectrophotometric analyses were significantly higher than those from HPLC analyses (4.2 ± 0.88 and 2.6 ± 0.50 μg∙L−1 respectively, P < 0.05). Pha concentrations derived by spectrophotometry were 64 times higher than those derived by HPLC (1.7 ± 0.52 and 0.025 ± 0.01 μg∙L−1 respectively, P < 0.005). Thus, spectrophotometry appears to dramatically overestimate Pha concentrations and may overestimate total Chl a (i.e. no correction for Pha). Therefore, ethanol and DMSO/acetone are equally suitable for Chl a extraction from natural populations dominated by blue-green algae and/or diatoms, but if information on Pha and/or accessory pigments is required, HPLC analyses are the appropriate route rather than spectrophotometry.

scholarly journals Economically Potential Pigments from Marine Blue-Green Algae for the Application in Food and Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Katarina Purnomo Salim ◽  
Rosita Dwi Chandra ◽  
Heriyanto Heriyanto ◽  
Dwi Susilaningsih ◽  
Leenawaty Limantara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Marine Cyanobacteria ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Β Carotene

Current efforts to explore the potency of marine resources have been made to promote economic development in Indonesia, especially in the industrial sector. Marine cyanobacteria such as Arthospira sp. and Scytonema sp. are two potential candidates of the blue-green algae that can be used in the application for food and health industries. This study focused on the identification of the composition of the dominant chlorophylls and carotenoids. The results showed the presence of Zeaxanthin, Chlorophyll a, and β-carotene. The economic potency of those dominant pigments will be reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Algoflora of lakes in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve (Leningrad region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
E. V. Stanislavskaya ◽  
A. L. Afanas’eva ◽  
O. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Trophic Conditions

Various algocenosises in the brackish Lake Lipovskoe and ultra-oligotrophic Lake Beloe located in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve were studied in May and July of 2019. In the algal flora of the lakes studied, we found 291 taxa belonging to 9 orders. The both lakes were characterized by high species richness, namely: 179 and 181 algae taxa were identified in the Lake Lipovskoe and Lake Beloe, respectively. In the Lake Lipovskoe, its phytoplankton was dominated by Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Dinophyta, among which brackish-water and marine species were presented. In the periphyton of this Lake, brackish-water diatoms and green algae were the most abundant. In the Lake Beloe, its phytoplankton was dominated by Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta; the blue-greens, diatoms and green algae dominated in the periphyton of Lake Beloe. Despite that the lakes are located close to each other, their algal flora is quite different: the Sorensen similarity index between the two lakes was 38% only. The phytoplankton biomass in both lakes was low, increasing from spring to summer. In the Lake Lipovskoe, the phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.45 to 1.9 mg/L, chlorophyll a fluctuated from 3.9 to 7.1 µg/L. In the Lake Beloe, the phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.3 to 1.4 mg/L, chlorophyll a fluctuated from 0.45 to 1.3 µg/L. The periphyton biomass was 20 g/m2  (chlorophyll a being 22 mg/m2 ) and 17 g/m2 (chlorophyll a being 17 mg/m2 ) in the Lake Lipovskoe and Lake Beloe, respectively. Nowadays, the ecological status of both lakes can be considered satisfactory, because based on trophic conditions and species compositions they belong to waterbodies of clean and satisfactory clean conditions (II–III classes of water quality). To preserve the unique flora of the lakes in the Kurgal’sky Nature reserve, nature-protected measures should be strengthened.

Effect of Substituted Pyridazinone Herbicides and of Difunone (EMD-IT 5914) on Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Green Algae

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Urbach ◽  
M Suchanka ◽  
W Urbach
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methoxy Group ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Level ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Pyridazinone Derivatives

Abstract The carotenoid biosynthesis of the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii is blocked if these cells are cultured in presence of sublethal doses of pyridazinone herbicides (San 9789, San 6706, BASF 44521) or of the herbicide difunone (EMD-IT 5914). The amount of colored carotenoids normally found in these algae is reduced drastically and the precursors phytoene and phytofluene are accumulated. Furthermore a decrease in the chlorophyll level occurs in the treated cells, but there is a stronger loss of chlorophyll a, resulting in a lowering of the chlorophyll a/b ratio with time. Concerning the activity of substituted pyridazinones leading to inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis this effect can be related to the chemical structure of these compounds: a trifluoromethyl substitution of the phenyl ring and a mono- or dimethyl substitution of the amine (San 9789, San 6706) or a methoxy group instead of the substituted amine (BASF 44521) are required both for this effect. Other pyridazinone derivatives with either a trifluoromethyl substitution of the phenyl ring (San 9774) or a dimethyl substitution of the amine (San 9785) or a methoxy group (BASF 13761) are without any effect on the pigment pattern of these algae.

Influence of Molecular Oxygen on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Decay of Green Algae

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Oellerich ◽  
Daniel Berg ◽  
Karlheinz Maier ◽  
Frank Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Singlet Excited State ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Quenching By Oxygen

Abstract Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching, Green Algae, Molecular Oxygen Molecular oxygen can act as a collisional quencher of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll a. This effect is well described for chlorophyll a in various solvents but not for chlorophyll a in the antenna complexes of photosynthetic organisms. We studied the chlorophyll fluorescence decay of Chlorella vulgaris cells under different oxygen concentrations but did not find any evidence for quenching by oxygen.

scholarly journals Mediterranean rivers: Consequences of water scarcity on benthic algal chlorophyll a content

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Piano ◽  
Elisa Falasco ◽  
Francesca Bona
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Mediterranean Rivers ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Ligurian Alps ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Mediterranean rivers are subjected to strong seasonality with drought during the hot season and extreme flows in autumn-winter. In particular, drought episodes and water scarcity alter the river morphology, with repercussions on primary production and the trophic chain. In this paper, we aimed at analysing the different responses in terms of chlorophyll a content of the three main photosynthetic groups composing stream periphyton, namely diatoms, cyanobacteria and green algae. This work was conducted in the Ligurian Alps (NW-Italy) on five oligotrophic streams (Argentina, Impero, Merula, Quiliano and Vallecrosia), similar in terms of physico-chemical parameters. We measured chlorophyll a content of diatoms, cyanobacteria and green algae by means of an in situ fluorimetric probe (BenthoTorch®). Data were collected from April to October 2014 in: i) impacted sites, where the water scarcity was exacerbated by human pressure; ii) control sites. We applied Generalized Linear Mixed Models to investigate the response of total chlorophyll a and its relative proportions among the three algal groups in relation to the following environmental predictors: water depth, flow velocity, canopy shading, microhabitat isolation, sampling season, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, nutrients, and macrophyte coverage.Results showed an opposite response of diatoms and green algae. Diatoms were favoured in the control sites and under moderate flow conditions, while the probability of green algae presence was higher in the impacted sites and during the drought season. Cyanobacteria showed a response similar to green algae, preferring warm, isolated pools typical of the drought period. Diatoms proved to be the most sensitive to drought. More specifically, we found out that percentages of diatoms below 51% with respect to total benthic chlorophyll a indicate high hydrological disturbance. This study provides the first evidence that the proportion of chlorophyll a produced by diatoms can be a suitable indicator for monitoring programs aiming at determining the effects of water scarcity on river ecosystems.

Estimation of Algal Succession in Lake Water Using HPLC Analysis of Pigments

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Soma ◽  
Takashi Imaizumi ◽  
Kei-ichi Yagi ◽  
Sei-ichi Kasuga
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Algal Succession ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Seasonal variation in algal biomass in lake water was estimated using HPLC analysis of pigments. Carotenoids/chlorophyll a ratios were determined for cultures of Anabena, Microcystis, green algae, diatoms, and Cryptomonas. The contributions of various algal taxa to the total chlorophyll a content of lake water were calculated using the average carotenoid/chlorophyll a ratios of fingerprint pigments. The pigment analysis reflected the observed trend in the numbers of algae in lake water and proved to be a useful supplementary approach to evaluate algal biomass.

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