Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action and of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: negative interference of activated glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K De Bosscher
Nature ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 280 (5721) ◽  
pp. 408-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSUMU TSURUFUJI ◽  
KAZUO SUGIO ◽  
FUMIHIKO TAKEMASA

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J Rickard ◽  
Morag J Young

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor are ligand-activated transcription factors that have important physiological and pathophysiological actions in a broad range of cell types including monocytes and macrophages. While the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone have well-described anti-inflammatory actions on both recruited and tissue resident macrophages, a role for the mineralocorticoid aldosterone in these cells is largely undefined. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that MR signalling may promote pro-inflammatory effects. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of corticosteroid receptors in macrophages and their effect on diseases involving inflammation, with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov F Zverev

Review discusses the mechanisms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids. In discussing the antioxidant effect detail the mechanisms of scavenging of reactive oxygen species, the chelation of transition metals, the activation of antioxidant enzymes. In consideration of anti-inflammatory action emphasis on the effects of flavonoids on the activity of the transcription factors and pathways involved in the formation of the inflammatory response. (For citation: Zverev YaF. Flavonoids through the eyes of a pharmacologist. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(4):5-13. doi: 10.17816/RCF1545-13).


Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Vandevyver ◽  
Lien Dejager ◽  
Jan Tuckermann ◽  
Claude Libert

Abstract Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used for the treatment of numerous (autoimmune) inflammatory diseases. They exert their actions by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Upon ligand binding, the GR translocates to the nucleus, where it acts either as a homodimeric transcription factor that binds glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in promoter regions of glucocorticoid (GC)-inducible genes, or as a monomeric protein that cooperates with other transcription factors to affect transcription. For decades, it has generally been believed that the undesirable side effects of GC therapy are induced by dimer-mediated transactivation, whereas its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects are mainly due to the monomer-mediated transrepressive actions of GR. Therefore, current research is focused on the development of dissociated compounds that exert only the GR monomer-dependent actions. However, many recent reports undermine this dogma by clearly showing that GR dimer-dependent transactivation is essential in the anti-inflammatory activities of GR. Many of these studies used GRdim/dim mutant mice, which show reduced GR dimerization and hence cannot control inflammation in several disease models. Here, we review the importance of GR dimers in the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs/GR, and hence we question the central dogma. We summarize the contribution of various GR dimer-inducible anti-inflammatory genes and question the use of selective GR agonists as therapeutic agents.


Author(s):  
О.Ю. Кытикова ◽  
Т.П. Новгородцева ◽  
Ю.К. Денисенко ◽  
М.В. Антонюк ◽  
Т.А. Гвозденко

Бронхиальная астма (БА) является широко распространенным, хроническим, гетерогенным заболеванием. В течение последних нескольких лет клинические исследования предоставили новую информацию о фенотипировании, эндотипировании и вариантах лечения астмы. При всей эффективности традиционных методов лечения БА у ряда пациентов заболевание либо частично контролируется, либо не контролируется, несмотря на интенсивное, основанное на рекомендациях лечение. Данное состояние вопроса делает крайне актуальным дальнейшее изучение патогенеза хронического воспаления при БА для поиска и разработки новых терапевтических стратегий. Развитие и прогрессирование БА обусловлены активацией внутриклеточных сигнальных путей и генов воспаления в ответ на действие триггерных факторов. Внутриклеточными модуляторами воспалительной реакции на генном уровне являются ядерные транскрипционные факторы, к которым относят активирующий протеин-1 (activator protein-1, AP-1) и ядерный фактор каппа B (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-kB), обладающие провоспалительной активностью. К внутриклеточным модуляторам относят также рецептор глюкокортикоидов (glucocorticoid receptor, GR) и рецепторы, активирующие пролиферацию пероксисом (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARs) с противоспалительной активностью. Взаимоотношения между провоспалительными и противовоспалительными ядерными транскрипционными факторами являются предметом пристального изучения в настоящее время, так как последние могут служить мишенью для разработки стратегий управления активностью воспалительного процесса, в том числе при БА. Важную роль в сигнальных механизмах воспалительной реакции играют толл-подобные рецепторы (TLRs), инициирующие воспаление через активацию NF-kB и AP-1. В то же время, TLRs обладают способностью модулировать экспрессию PPARs и GR, противовоспалительный механизм действия которых осуществляется за счет подавления активности NF-kB и АР-1. В данном обзоре суммированы современные взгляды на структуру, функцию ядерных транскрипционных факторов и TLRs, а также их участие в патогенезе хронического воспаления при БА. Регуляция взаимоотношений между TLRs и ядерными транскрипционными факторами может быть важной терапевтической мишенью при БА. Bronchial asthma is a common, chronic and heterogeneous disease. During the last few years, clinical studies have provided new information about asthma phenotyping, endotyping, and therapeutic options. With all effectiveness of traditional asthma treatments, in a number of patients the disease is either controlled partially or not controlled, despite intensive, recommendation-based treatment. This makes further study of the pathogenesis of asthma-related chronic inflammation essential for developing new therapeutic strategies. The development and progression of asthma are caused by activation of intracellular signaling pathways and inflammation genes in response to action of trigger factors. Intracellular modulators of the inflammatory response at the gene level are nuclear transcription factors, which include proinflammatory activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Intracellular modulators also include the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which have an anti-inflammatory activity. The relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory nuclear transcription factors is presently under close investigation since it may represent a target for strategies of managing the inflammatory process, including in asthma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the signaling mechanisms that initiate inflammation through activation of NF-kB and AP-1. At the same time, TLRs can modulate the expression of PPARs and GR, which have an anti-inflammatory action due to suppressing the activity of NF-kB and AP-1. This review summarizes current views on the structure and function of nuclear transcription factors and TLRs, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma. Regulation of the relationship between TLRs and nuclear transcription factors may be an important therapeutic target in asthma.


Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nieber ◽  
S Michael ◽  
K Grötzinger ◽  
JW Rauwald ◽  
SN Okpanyi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Pavani C H

These medicinal plants are used to develop a therapy for the disease. To improve the science, investigate the scientific proof and activities validation, therefore the use of various herbal remedies for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory action in these current days. includes influence, anti-inflammatory, anti effect, analgesia, effects and some beneficial effects on the GI system. show the potential value of pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. According to these plant effects, consider that this present study was mainly based on to investigate and likely to reduce the fever caused by the outdoor and indoor. potential of is evidenced in leave studies. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties with the standard drug paracetamol.


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