scholarly journals Effect of Dry Heat Pre-Treatment (Toasting) on the Cooking Time of Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Obasi ◽  
N.C. Unamma ◽  
G.E. Nwofia
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Optimum conditions of rice puffing – review

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hoke ◽  
J. Houšová ◽  
M. Houška
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Procedures

The presented paper reviews the existing literature dealing with rice puffing and optimum conditions of this process. The rice pre-treatment procedures and puffing conditions (dry heat, microwave, gun-puffing) are considered. The optimum composition of the raw material is also mentioned.      

scholarly journals Viability and Dormancy of Rice Seeds after Storage and Pre-Treatment with Dry Heat and Chemical Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne A. Mutinda ◽  
James W. Muthomi ◽  
John M. Kimani ◽  
George N. Cheminigw’wa ◽  
Florence M. Olubayo
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Pre Treatment

Inappropriate seed packaging and seed dormancy affects seed quality and consequently leads to reduced crop stand, low seedling vigour and reduced yields. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of seed packaging material and seed treatment on viability and dormancy in rice seeds. Effect of packaging material was evaluated by storing freshly harvested seeds of Basmati 370 and BW 196 varieties in polythene, khaki, cheese cloth, polypropylene (Pp) sack and gunny bag sat room temperature and at 6 oC for six months. Effect of seed treatment on dormancy was determined by pre-treatment of seeds with nitric acid at 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M, gibberellic acid (GA3) at 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 5000 ppm, and hydrogen peroxide at 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 5 M and dry heat at 50 oC for 48 hours. The seeds were subjected to germination test on moist paper and data on percentage germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight were taken. Packaging material had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on germination and vigour. At room temperature, seed stored in polythene bag had the highest germination 88.2% and 57.8% for BW 196 and Basmati 370, respectively. Basmati 370 in khaki bag stored in the cold room had the highest germination 48.3%, while BW 196 stored in polythene had the highest (86.0%). Pre-treatment of seeds reduced dormancy, with variety BW 196 showing the highest germination of up to 67%, while variety Basmati 370 had the lowest germination of up to 40%. Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 5000 ppm was the most effective in breaking seed dormancy resulting in up to 95.7% germination. The results of the study indicated that packaging rice seed in polythene bags for periods not exceeding six months and pre-treatment with GA3 maintains high seed viability and breaks dormancy, respectively, thus ensuring rapid and uniform germination of vigorous seedlings. This would reduce the period farmers have to wait after harvest before they can plant newly harvested rice seeds.

scholarly journals Genetic Studies on the Inheritance of Storage-Induced Cooking Time in Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester N. T. T. Addy ◽  
Karen A. Cichy ◽  
Hans Adu-Dapaah ◽  
Isaac K. Asante ◽  
Afutu Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Genetic Studies

Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements for seeds of Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides ssp.×coriacea, three Australian arid-zone Fabaceae species

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Pound ◽  
Phillip J. Ainsley ◽  
José M. Facelli
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Seed Mortality ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Unpredictable Environment ◽  
Germination Requirements

Physical dormancy is common in seeds of arid-land legumes. Improved understanding of germination requirements of hard-seeded species will further our understanding of arid lands and aid restoration projects. We studied the germination responses of Acacia papyrocarpa (Benth.), A. oswaldii (F.Muell) and Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell ssp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell from a chenopod shrubland in South Australia. Imbibition testing indicated that all three species had physical dormancy, but the proportion of dormant seeds was lower in A. oswaldii. This corresponded to a thinner testa in this species. Mechanisms tested to scarify seeds included mechanical scarification and different durations of wet or dry heat. Mechanically scarified seeds germinated readily, reaching maximum numbers in 10–15 days, independently of incubation temperatures, with the exception of S. artemisioides seeds, which germinated at a slower rate in cooler temperatures. Overall, wet heat was more effective than dry heat to alleviate physical dormancy, whereas dry heat in some cases resulted in seed mortality. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that seeds of A. papyrocarpa and S. artemisoides be pretreated with wet heat in future restoration programs. No pre-treatment is required for dormancy loss in A. oswaldii seeds. The different responses of seeds of these species suggest that their populations have varying strategies for persistence in this unpredictable environment.

scholarly journals Cooking and organoleptic quality of pre-treated foxtail millet (Setaria italica) rice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Doddamani ◽  
Nirmala B. Yenagi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study was conducted to know the effect of pre-treatment on the cooking quality, functional properties, visual appearance and organoleptic quality in comparison with raw foxtail millet grains. Different pre-treatments were given to the millet grains in different combination such as roasting; cooking and drying; cooking, drying and roasting; soaking, steaming and drying; soaking, steaming, drying and roasting. Pre-treatments decreased cooking time (11.66 to 5.33 min) and per cent solubility (6.72 to 2.08 %). Pre-treatment increased cooked weight (28.66 to 37.33 g), cooked volume (23.66 to 32.33 ml) and swelling power (5.60 to 6.77 g/g). Pre-treatments decreased the visual appearance of grains. Cooked rice of pre-treated grains affected appearance, colour and texture in organoleptic evaluation. Each above mentioned quality characters was ranked and scores were given. As cooked dried and roasted grains got high total score than other pre-treatments, it can be used as ready to eat convenient rice.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF COOKING TIMES OF EGYPTIAN AND INTRODUCED COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT COOKING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma A.E. Soaud ◽  
S.M. Abdelsayyed ◽  
E.M.I. Mahgoub ◽  
H.A.M. Wafa ◽  
H.A.M. Wafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Cooking Times ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Cooking times of fourteen Egyptian and introduced cowpea genotypes were evaluated under different cooking conditions. Soaking treatments manifested shorter time than unsoaked treatments. Adding sodium bicarbonate or baking powder to soaking and cooking solutions gave more shorter cooking time. Microwaves treatment gave the shortest cooking time than all other treatments and conserved as a new approach. All studied cowpea genotypes and all cooking treatments exhibited significant variations. The blacked colored seeds needed shorter cooking time than the red seeds, while round or small seeds needed longer time to complete cooking. The observed significant differences among the genotypes were reflected to genotypic and phenotypic variations and consequently to high broad sense heritability estimates and to high values of genetic advances. Such estimates suggested the ability to achieve possible improvement in cooking time of cowpea seeds which might eventually reflect on their cooking quality.

scholarly journals Integration of kraft pulping on a forest biorefinery by the addition of a steam explosion pretreatment

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martin-Sampedro ◽  
Maria E. Eugenio ◽  
Esteban Revilla ◽  
Juan A. Martín ◽  
Juan C. Villar
Keyword(s):  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
A Value ◽  
Steam Explosion Pretreatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control

Steam explosion has been proposed for a wide range of lignocellulosic applications, including fractionation of biomass, pre-treatment of biomass for ethanol production, or as an alternative to conventional mechanical pulping. Nevertheless, a steam explosion process could also be used as pretreatment before chemical pulping, expecting a reduction in cooking time due to the open structure of the exploded chips. Thus, to evaluate the effect of steam explosion as a pretreatment in the kraft pulping of Eucalyptus globulus, steam exploded chips and control chips were subjected to kraft cookings. Steam exploded chips provided pulps with reductions of kappa number by up to 70% with no significant change in viscosity. Therefore, the cooking time could be shortened by 60%, increasing the productivity and obtaining pulps with similar delignification degree to those of the control pulp. Furthermore, not only the production rate could be increased, but also most of the hemicelluloses could be recovered before pulping and converted to a value-added product. Finally, although exploded pulp had inferior mechanical strength, the optical properties, which are more important in eucalyptus pulps, were found to be better.

scholarly journals Rapidoxy® 100: A Solvent-Free Pre-treatment for Production of Canolol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchira Nandasiri ◽  
Afra Imran ◽  
Usha Thiyam-Holländer ◽  
N. A. Michael Eskin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Automated Instrument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Time

RapidOxy® 100 is an automated instrument originally designed for measuring the oxidative stability of both solid and liquid samples. The compact and portable design of RapidOxy® 100, and its built-in pressurized heating chamber, provides a suitable environment for studying processing conditions. The feasibility of using oxygen or an inert atmosphere provides the ideal environment to study the effect of dry heat pre-treatment on canola antioxidants. The current study used RapidOxy® 100 to examine the impact of pressurized dry heat pre-treatment, under nitrogen, on the ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds. The effect of different pre-treatment temperature-time combinations of 120, 140, 160, and 180°C for 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min on the subsequent extraction of canola phenolic compounds was examined. The major sinapates identified by HPLC were sinapine, sinapic acid, and canolol. The optimum RapidOxy® condition for the maximum recovery of canolol was 160°C for 10 min. RapidOxy® 100 proved to be a novel and versatile instrument for enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds.

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