Skin color reflectance measurements for objective quantification of erythema in human beings

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1306-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus P. Wilhelm ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
FIKROTUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABD WARITS

In the history of women's life, the woman has never cracked from the wild cry of helplessness. Woman always become victim of men’s egoism, marginalized, hurt, unfettered, fooled and never appreciated the presence and role. This situation troubles many intellectual Muslims who have perspective that Islam teaches equality, equality for all human beings in the world. The difference in skin color, race, tribe and nation, as well as gender does not cause them to get the status of the different rights and obligations. The potential and the right to life of every human being and the obligation to serve the Lord Almighty is the same. Indeed, all human beings, as caliph in the world, have the same obligation, namely to prosperity of life in the world. No one is allowed to act arbitrarily, destroying, or hurt among others. They are required to live side by side, united, and harmonious, help each other and respect each other. However, that "demand" never becomes a reality. The differences among human identities become a barrier and the cause of divisions. For them, those who are outside environment, different identities are "others" who rightly do not need them "know". The difference of identity has become a reason to allow "hurt" each other. Several intellectual Muslims who recognize the wrong (discrimination against women), and then they attempt to formulate a movement for women's liberation. All the efforts have been done on the basis of awareness that arbitrary action by any person can never be justified. They also realize, that the backwardness of women are "stumbling block" that will lead to the resignation of a civilization. However, this struggle found a lot of challenges; including the consideration of "insubordination" to conquer the power of men, despite it had done by using many strategies. Starting from the writing of scientific book and countless fiction themed women has been published in order to give awareness of equality between men and women. This paper seeks to reexamine the process of the empowerment struggle to give a brand new concept, so that the struggle of women empowerment is not as insubordination and curiosity process in an attempt to conquer the male. Through approach of literature review and observations on the relationship between men and women, the writer finally concluded that the movement of Islamic feminism is not a movement to seize the power of men, but an attempt to liberate women from oppression so that they get the rights of their social role, giving freedom for women to pursue a career as wide as possible like a man, without forgetting a main duty as a mother: to conceive, give birth and breastfeed their children.


The solutions to end health disparities are complex and involve introspection and confrontation with one's own perceived beliefs about our fellow human beings who are of a different socioeconomic status, sex, religion, age, gender, and physical appearance than ourselves. No person, even if of the same skin color and culture, is the same. Hence, the solution to health disparities is the societal decision to hold accountable those who harm others by withholding health information and treatment that can sustain and prolong life. The value of all human lives is priceless. Hence, access to healthcare and quality evidenced-based care is a right for all.


rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Dr. Syed Aftab Alam

The Divine teachings of Islam are proved as reliable and eternal by advanced scientific researches. The first revelation of Islam is logically asserted the importance of knowledge acquisition. Prophet Muhammad PBUH proud to be a teacher rather than to be the Last Prophet, Mercy for all Universes, only Returner of heavens, First Governor of Islamic State or Ever Conqueror of Wars, etc. Islam said that there is no any distinction among human beings on the basis of being an Arab or a non-Arab, not on black or white skin color, not due to the status of tribe but a scholar has a great potential of knowledge. It can be proved through the study of history that whenever a society gave a high status to their scholars and teachers, it got respectably high status among the other nations of the world. This phenomenon is also ascertained accurate among the present societies of the world again. This article revolves around the evidences of best days of Muslims till present downfall and the status of teachers in those & present Muslim societies. Resultantly, it is concluded that if any country give high status to their teachers, it will achieve the high status among the world.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Milton, PhD

The rise of ideologies in the West that promote prejudicial treatment of others based on accidental (humanly uncontrollable) features (distinguishing ethnic physical traits, geographic origin, physical or mental capacities, or native cultures, viz., Western Civilization, that in all of its vicissitudes, has produced distinctive behavioral, socio-religious, and intellectual norms) is an illogical, cruel, and nationally  self-destructive worldview that must be exposed and rejected. The premise of “races” of human beings (Caucasian race, negroid race, mongoloid race, etc.) , rather than the “race of Mankind,” male and female, all originating from a common set of ancestors, created by God, with “in-species” genetic variety (e.g., melanin production creating darker or lighter skin color) is not only unsupported by the teachings of the Old and New Testaments, but singled out as sins against God. The author examines a recent case of a medical doctor dreaming of murdering white people. The statement is considered from both scientific and spiritual viewpoints. The author cites personal experience in the United States military, as well as peer-reviewed articles, to establish the hypothesis that the rise of violent tribalism (“Balkanization”) produces Socialistic authoritarianism, which forcibly reunites divided “tribes” under the flag of autocratic rule. This opinion-editorial article concludes by asserting that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the powerful antidote that liberates people from this pestilent consequences of original sin to discover authentic fraternity in our common Imago Dei (the image of God in Man), and transformative freedom from the effects of the Fall, i.e., to embrace and be embraced by a divine love that transcends our sin. Only in knowing such love can we be free from the hatred that divides, the bitterness that excludes, and the pain and sorrow that inevitably follows.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 6950-6956
Author(s):  
Ishita Vishnoi ◽  
Nikunj Khetan ◽  
Sreedevi Indu

Hand gestures are natural means of communication for human beings and even more so for hearing and speech impaired people who communicate through sign language. Unfortunately, most people are not familiar with sign language and an interpreter is required to translate dialogues. Hence, there is a need to develop a low cost, easily implementable and efficient means to recognize sign language gestures to eliminate the interpreter and facilitate easier communication. The proposed work achieves a satisfactory recognition accuracy using in-built laptop webcam using combination of 3 skin color models(HSV,RGB,YCbCr) and background subtraction to eliminate noise from webcam low quality images to recognize sign language for helping the hearing and speech impaired in real-time without requiring too much computational power or any other device as it can be implemented in any laptop with a webcam.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Milton, PhD

The rise of ideologies in the West that promote prejudicial treatment of others based on accidental (humanly uncontrollable) features (distinguishing ethnic physical traits, geographic origin, physical or mental capacities, or native cultures, viz., Western Civilization, that in all of its vicissitudes, has produced distinctive behavioral, socio-religious, and intellectual norms) is an illogical, cruel, and nationally  self-destructive worldview that must be exposed and rejected. The premise of “races” of human beings (Caucasian race, negroid race, mongoloid race, etc.) , rather than the “race of Mankind,” male and female, all originating from a common set of ancestors, created by God, with “in-species” genetic variety (e.g., melanin production creating darker or lighter skin color) is not only unsupported by the teachings of the Old and New Testaments, but singled out as sins against God. The author examines a recent case of a medical doctor dreaming of murdering white people. The statement is considered from both scientific and spiritual viewpoints. The author cites personal experience in the United States military, as well as peer-reviewed articles, to establish the hypothesis that the rise of violent tribalism (“Balkanization”) produces Socialistic authoritarianism, which forcibly reunites divided “tribes” under the flag of autocratic rule. This opinion-editorial article concludes by asserting that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the powerful antidote that liberates people from this pestilent consequences of original sin to discover authentic fraternity in our common Imago Dei (the image of God in Man), and transformative freedom from the effects of the Fall, i.e., to embrace and be embraced by a divine love that transcends our sin. Only in knowing such love can we be free from the hatred that divides, the bitterness that excludes, and the pain and sorrow that inevitably follows.


Author(s):  
Faeze Rezazade ◽  
Esmaeil Zohdi

Discrimination and racial injustice towards Blacks have existed among the groups of people since the very beginning of their gatherings as a communication and society. Throughout history, people of colored skin, especially Blacks, were not accepted in the Whites’ communities due to the Whites’ thought of supremacy over them. Regardless of their positive role and doing manual labor in keeping the wheels of the Whites’ industry turning, Blacks were always treated as nonhuman and “clownish” creatures born to serve Whites. African Americans are the main groups of Blacks who suffer from discrimination and racial injustice because they are living among Whites, though segregated from the Whites’ society. However, there are many white individuals who do not consider the skin color and treat Blacks as human beings and only humanity and good nature of the people matters to them. Nelle Harper Lee in her masterpiece, To Kill a Mockingbird, written in 1960, introduces three children (Scout, Jem, and Dill) and Atticus, who is Scout and Jem’s father, as color-blind characters who fraternize with Blacks as humans without paying attention to their skin color. Therefore, using W. E. B. Du Bois’ thoughts- regarding prejudice, discrimination, and racial injustice- in this article it has been tried to investigate Atticus’ and three children’s color blindness in the case of racism in To Kill a Mockingbird.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bara Izzat Wiwah Handaru

The revolution in technology and communication media in this era of globalization has made the phenomenon of Islamic da'wah experience significant progress globally. This can be seen when the da'wah style has used advances in information technology so that the da'wah message is more widespread that is able to touch international aspects. But in reality, this change in pattern gave birth to new problems in the world of da'wah. This article tries to answer the main problems formulated in the major questions, namely; What are the challenges of religion in the era of globalization, using an analysis of communication strategies, characteristics and material for da'wah? According to Gill Branston and Roy Stafford (2010), there are several points explained about globalization. First, approaches to globalized media. Explain how to approach da'wah in the use of global media. Second, global–local flows. Explain how far the development of the flow of da'wah ideas that have reached the global world. Third, global futures? Explain how changes will occur in the world of da'wah in the future global era. In the end, the research provides insight into the topic of the problem in this paper. First, practically the da'wah movement in information technology and media in the era of globalization is based on Islam rahmatan lil 'alamin. Even though on the other hand, the impact of the globalization process related to religious life is the increasingly diminishing space for human religiosity itself. Second, the orientation in spreading da'wah globally is ukhuwah basyariyah which always fosters brotherhood among human beings. The attitude of humanism regardless of religious background, skin color and race. Third, have hope in the waiting period for the day to come (Al-Muntazhar). A principle that gives good news about a bright future and the implementation of all social justice for all mankind.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Milton, PhD

The rise of ideologies in the West that promote prejudicial treatment of others based on accidental (humanly uncontrollable) features (distinguishing ethnic physical traits, geographic origin, physical or mental capacities, or native cultures, viz., Western Civilization, that in all of its vicissitudes, has produced distinctive behavioral, socio-religious, and intellectual norms) is an illogical, cruel, and nationally  self-destructive worldview that must be exposed and rejected. The premise of “races” of human beings (Caucasian race, negroid race, mongoloid race, etc.) , rather than the “race of Mankind,” male and female, all originating from a common set of ancestors, created by God, with “in-species” genetic variety (e.g., melanin production creating darker or lighter skin color) is not only unsupported by the teachings of the Old and New Testaments, but singled out as sins against God. The author examines a recent case of a medical doctor dreaming of murdering white people. The statement is considered from both scientific and spiritual viewpoints. The author cites personal experience in the United States military, as well as peer-reviewed articles, to establish the hypothesis that the rise of violent tribalism (“Balkanization”) produces Socialistic authoritarianism, which forcibly reunites divided “tribes” under the flag of autocratic rule. This opinion-editorial article concludes by asserting that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the powerful antidote that liberates people from the pestilent consequences of original sin to discover authentic fraternity in our common Imago Dei (the image of God in Man), and transformative freedom from the effects of the Fall, i.e., to embrace and be embraced by a divine love that transcends our sin. Only in knowing such love can we be free from the hatred that divides, the bitterness that excludes, and the pain and sorrow that inevitably follows.


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