The Effect of Low Frequency, Long-Wave Ultrasound Therapy on Joint Mobility and Rehabilitation after Wrist Fracture

Thirty-eight patients with dorsally-displaced distal radial fractures were prospectively studied to assess the clinical effects of low frequency ultrasound treatment, started immediately after plaster removal. Nineteen of the patients represented the control group and a double-blind protocol was followed. Assessment took place on the day of plaster removal and 2 and 8 weeks later. There was no significant difference in wrist motion and duration of follow-up between the treated and control patients.

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Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242006000200015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Fabiana Ozaki ◽

Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽

Ana Vitória Imbronito ◽

Wellington Pessotti ◽

Luciana Saraiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Test Group ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The aim of this randomised, double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were randomly assigned to either a test group (herbal dentifrice) or positive control group (dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride). The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy, which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use. All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. No adverse reactions were reported. The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis.

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Ganji Formulation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Undergone Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/9492034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jing-Hao Zhang ◽

Chao Zheng ◽

Xiao-Jun Zhu ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Zhi-Jun Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Liver Resection ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Local Ablation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Objective. To ascertain the efficacy and safety of Ganji Formulation (GF) for patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone surgery. Materials and Methods. A total of 262 HCC patients who had undergone liver resection, local ablation, or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were divided randomly into the treatment group and control group. The former was treated with GF and the later with placebo, both for 6 months. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Second endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) or time to disease progression (TTP). Results. OS of the treatment group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that, for patients who received TACE, the TTP was significantly longer in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, for patients who underwent liver resection or local ablation, there was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. GF could improve postoperative cumulative survival and prolong the TTP. This clinical trial number is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-15007349.

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Piano-accompanied solfège reading experiences of preservice music teachers

Research Studies in Music Education ◽

10.1177/1321103x19871078 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1321103X1987107

Author(s):

Elif Guven

Keyword(s):

Music Teachers ◽

Control Group ◽

Reading Practices ◽

Control Groups ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Experimental Implementation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This study examines how piano-accompanied solfège reading practices of preservice music teachers ( N = 28) affect their performance on their musical hearing, reading, and writing (MHRW) classes. A pretest–posttest design with control groups was employed. The data were analyzed by 2 × 2 split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA. Consequently, a significant difference was not found between the MHRW performance scores of the experimental and control groups. An analysis of mean performance scores revealed that the scores received by the control group were higher than those of the experimental group after the practice. Follow-up interviews that were held with 14 students after the experimental implementation revealed that students believed piano-accompanied courses were more useful, and they felt more comfortable with piano accompaniment. Although MHRW performance scores indicated that piano-accompanied solfège reading practices did not have a significant effect on preservice music teachers’ MHRW performances, it helped them participate in courses more enthusiastically.

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Effect of Auricular Acupressure on Uremic Pruritus in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/593196 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Cui-na Yan ◽

Wei-guo Yao ◽

Yi-jie Bao ◽

Xiao-jing Shi ◽

Hui Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Uremic Pruritus ◽

Auricular Acupressure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vas Scores ◽

And Control

Background. Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common symptom in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Objective. To determine the clinical efficacy of auricular acupressure therapy on pruritus in hemodialysis patients and to explore possible underlying mechanisms.Methods. Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at a referral medical center were recruited and assigned to intervention (n=32) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group underwent auricular acupressure treatment three times a week for six weeks. Auricular acupressure was not applied to patients in the control group. However, tape withoutVaccariaseeds was applied to the same six auricular acupoints as the intervention group. Pruritus scores were assessed using VAS scores, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure levels of other possible contributory biochemical factors.Results. There was a significant difference in mean VAS scores between the postintervention and control groups during follow-up (3.844 ± 1.687 versus 5.567 ± 2.285,F=22.32,P<0.0001). Compared to the control group, serum histamine levels in the postintervention group at the six-week follow-up had decreased significantly (F=5.01,P=0.0290).Conclusion. Our findings suggest that auricular acupressure may be a useful treatment in the multidisciplinary management of UP in ESRD patients.

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A study using Sepia 200c given prophylactically postpartum to prevent anoestrus problems in the dairy cow

British Homeopathic Journal ◽

10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80226-1 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 80 (03) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A.V. Williamson ◽

W.J. Crawford ◽

B. Rennie ◽

W.L. Mackie

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Service Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Placebo Trial ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Action List

AbstractThe results obtained from a study model using Sepia 200c in a herd of dairy cows led to an extended study. Overall reproductive performance was monitored monthly by a farm action list and the technique of palpation of the ovaries per rectum was used to determine pregnancy and cyclical status. A total of 101 cows were randomly treated with Sepia 200c on day 14 or 21 postpartum.Statistical analysis of the results was based on the differences between the untreated Control and Sepia-treated groups in periparturient disorders and pre- and post-service periods, and between the two Sepia-treated groups.In the pre-service period, a significant difference was found between the sepia-treated groups in the proportion of heifers calved, the number of assisted calvings and pre-service problems compared to Control. A difference of 9.9 total mean days to oestrus post-treatment was found between the Sepia-treated groups.During the post-service period, significant differences were found in the conception rate to first service, the percentage of cows in calf and total culled.A reduction (non significant) was found in the 21-day treatment group compared to control and 14-day treatment in the mean days calving to conception interval and the calving index. However, between the Sepia-treated groups a significant difference was found in total mean days calving to conception interval.The results of this study appear to demonstrate a difference in effect between the Sepia-treated groups and Control group. The study has been extended into a double blind placebo trial to find the effect of using a placebo and assess the use of Sepia given earlier postpartum on herd reproductive performance.

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Quantifying Withdrawal of Consent, Loss to Follow-Up, Early Drug Discontinuation, and Censoring in Oncology Trials

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network ◽

10.6004/jnccn.2021.7015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Brooke E. Wilson ◽

Michelle B. Nadler ◽

Alexandra Desnoyers ◽

Eitan Amir

Keyword(s):

Censored Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Discontinuation ◽

Open Label ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Early Drug

Background: Censoring due to early drug discontinuation (EDD) or withdrawal of consent or loss to follow-up (WCLFU) can result in postrandomization bias. In oncology, censoring rules vary with no defined standards. In this study, we sought to describe the planned handling and transparency of censoring data in oncology trials supporting FDA approval and to compare EDD and WCLFU in experimental and control arms. Methods: We searched FDA archives to identify solid tumor drug approvals and their associated trials between 2015 and 2019, and extracted the planned handling and reporting of censored data. We compared the proportion of WCLFU and EDD between the experimental and control arms by using generalized estimating equations, and performed logistic regression to identify trial characteristics associated with WCLFU occurring more frequently in the control group. Results: Censoring rules were defined adequately in 48 (59%) of 81 included studies. Only 14 (17%) reported proportions of censored participants clearly. The proportion of WCLFU was higher in the control group than in the experimental group (mean, 3.9% vs 2.5%; β-coefficient, −2.2; 95% CI, −3.1 to −1.3; P<.001). EDD was numerically higher in the experimental arm in 61% of studies, but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of EDD between the experimental and control groups (mean, 21.6% vs 19.9%, respectively; β-coefficient, 0.27; 95% CI, −0.32 to 0.87; P=.37). The proportion of EDD due to adverse effects (AEs) was higher in the experimental group (mean, 13.2% vs 8.5%; β-coefficient, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.57–2.45; P=.002). WCLFU was higher in the control group in studies with an active control group (odds ratio [OR], 10.1; P<.001) and in open label studies (OR, 3.00; P=.08). Conclusions: There are significant differences in WCLFU and EDD for AEs between the experimental and control arms in oncology trials. This may introduce postrandomization bias. Trials should improve the reporting and handling of censored data so that clinicians and patients are fully informed regarding the expected benefits of a treatment.

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Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post-Ankle-Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults- a Randomized controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29932/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

KHALID A ALAHMARI ◽

Paul Silvian Samuel ◽

Irshad Ahmad ◽

Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽

Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Ankle Sprain ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundStretching is an important part of post-ankle-sprain rehabilitation, as well as an effective exercise for improving general ankle-joint performance. But the combination of stretching alongside muscle stimulation has not yet been extensively studied. Therefore the purpose of the present research is to compare the baseline, post- and follow-up effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching technique combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), as compared against the effects of the PNF stretching technique alone.MethodsSixty subjects with lateral ankle sprains were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: Experimental Group One (EG 1), Experimental Group Two (EG 2), and the Control Group (CG). Subjects in EG 1 received the PNF stretching technique combined with TENS. Subjects in EG2 received the PNF stretching technique alone. Both experimental groups received these treatments for 4 weeks (4 days/week); follow-up assessments were administered in the third and fifth weeks. CG received no treatment; outcome measures alone were assessed. Outcome measures comprised pain, flexibility, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, physical activity, and balance. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of time factors and groups on these outcome measures.ResultsThere was significant interaction (time and group), and the time effect for all the outcome measures (p < 0.05). Physical activity, dorsiflexion, and balance in the medial, lateral, anterolateral, and anteromedial directions did not show a significant difference between the groups. EG 1 showed significant improvement for all the outcome variables between pre- and post-treatment and follow-up when compared to the other groups.ConclusionsThe present study showed that a 12-session treatment program of 3 weeks’ duration that combines PNF stretching with low-frequency TENS for post-ankle sprain subjects, compared against PNF stretching alone, produced significant improvements in balance, proprioception, strength, and range of motion. The study also showed that the treatment effect was sustained even after treatment was ceased after the follow-up assessment in the fifth week.Trial Registration:Human Research Ethics Committee approval for the trial (approval no.: (ECM#2019-26)Clinical trial was also registered in the Clinical Trials Registry – ISRCTN 18013941

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Prophylactic Effect of Memantine in Docetaxel Induced Neuropathy in Patients With Breast Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-692391/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pegah Mohammadzadeh ◽

Elnaz Shaseb ◽

Zohreh Sanaat ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

Nasrin Gholami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Purpose Peripheral neuropathy is a complication of taxane that in severe cases can limit the optimal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of memantine in prevention of docetaxel induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with breast cancer. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 40 women between the ages of 18 and 64 years with non-metastatic breast cancer (stages I to III) were included (registry number: IRCT20160310026998N9 and registry date: 26 March 2019). All patients were treated with the AC-T regimen (with docetaxel). Patients in intervention group received memantine at a dose of 20 mg for 8 weeks at the beginning of the first cycle of docetaxel. Patients in control group did not take any medication for neuropathy prevention. To assess the neuropathy, DN4 and CTCAE questionnaires were used at baseline, one months, three months and six months after the intervention. Results The DN4 questionnaire score was remarkably less in memantine group in follow up one (p-value: 0.033) and three (p < 00.1). The CTCAE follow up score did not change during study. The Neuropathy duration and Neuropathy onset, were shown significant difference between the intervention and control groups, p = 0.050 and p = 0.001, respectively. From 40 patients, 8 (40%) in memantine group and 2 (10%) in control group, did not experience any kind of neuropathy. Conclusion Data showed that prophylactic administration of memantine 20 mg/day has been effective in prevention of severity and incidence of docetaxel induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer.

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A Comparative Study on the Effects of Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 Acupoints on the Pain Caused by Fistula Needle Placement in Hemodialysis Patients

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.4.975.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 354-367

Author(s):

Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti ◽

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Needle Placement ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Vas Scores ◽

And Control

Objective: Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatment methods in kidney patients. To do this, repeated insertion of the needle into the vessel is necessary. Patients treated with hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain caused by perforation of their arteriovenous fistula about 300 times a year. More than 1/5 of hemodialysis patients express this pain as unbearable. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints on the pain caused by fistula needle placement in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on 90 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad, Iran. They were randomly divided into three groups of SP6, ST36, and control. Data were collected after obtaining a written informed consent by a demographic form and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 software by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between VAS scores after the intervention in all three group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD VAS scores before the intervention in SP6, ST36, control groups were 54.47±18.93, 51.5±22.83, 46.6±17.73, respectively which changed to 45.63±20.53, 40.2±20.01, and 51.87±19.05 after the intervention, indicating that acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints reduced pain in patients, while the pain increased in the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints is an effective method in relieving pain caused by the insertion of a needle into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.

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The Effects of Smoking-Cessation Counseling Based on the Stages-of-Change Model in Dental Patients; Semi-Experimental Study

10.21203/rs.2.10418/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Ghorbani ◽

Arezoo Ebn Ahmady ◽

Zahra Hosseini ◽

Somayyeh Azimi

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Dental Student ◽

Control Group ◽

Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Dentists may take part in smoking cessation counseling of dental patients by using the time they are engaged in dental procedures and by emphasizing on oral manifestations of smoking. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation counseling by a dentist on preparation for change to quit smoking in smoker patients. Methods This study was performed on 150 smoking patients admitted to Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 75 patients. The intervention group received smoking cessation counseling by a single senior dental student. A self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding the position of the individual in change cycle stages was completed by both intervention and control group at baseline and at one-month follow up. For statistical analysis, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U and multivariate linear regression models was used with a significance level of P<0.05. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of change cycle stages of smoking cessation. Also, there was no significant difference between change cycle stages at baseline and one-month follow up in control group; but this difference in intervention group was significant (p=0.006). The proportion of patients in the pre-contemplation stage decreased by 43% while the proportion of patients in the contemplation and action stages increased by 20% and 16% respectively. Conclusions The smoking cessation counseling enhances forward movement through the stages-of-change of smoking cessation. Measurement of this movement may be an important intermediary in evaluating small clinical trials of counseling.

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