A comparative study of fatty acids in human breast milk and breast milk substitutes in Kuwait

The main BCFAs in preterm breast milk were iso-14:0, iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0, iso-17:0, and anteiso-17:0, which were low than that in term breast milk. They were mainly located in the sn-2 position of TAGs and concentration in colostrum.

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Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2064 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Candice Quin ◽

Deanna L. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Enteric Infection ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast

Human milk is the best nutritional choice for infants. However, in instances where breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are used as alternatives. While formula manufacturers attempt to mimic the performance of human breast milk, formula-fed babies consistently have higher incidences of infection from diarrheal diseases than those breastfed. Differences in disease susceptibility, progression and severity can be attributed, in part, to nutritional fatty acid differences between breast milk and formula. Despite advances in our understanding of breast milk properties, formulas still present major differences in their fatty acid composition when compared to human breast milk. In this review, we highlight the role of distinct types of dietary fatty acids in modulating host inflammation, both directly and through the microbiome-immune nexus. We present evidence that dietary fatty acids influence enteric disease susceptibility and therefore, altering the fatty acid composition in formula may be a potential strategy to improve infectious outcomes in formula-fed infants.

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Human Milk Fat Substitutes from Lard and Hemp Seed Oil Mixtures

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7014

Author(s):

Joanna Bryś ◽

Agata Górska ◽

Ewa Ostrowska-Ligęza ◽

Magdalena Wirkowska-Wojdyła ◽

Andrzej Bryś ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Hemp Seed

This paper discusses our attempt to generate substitutes for human breast milk fat through the interesterification of mixtures composed of lard and hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil. The interesterification was run at 60 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h in the presence of Lipozyme RM IM preparation containing a lipase specific for the cleavage of sn-1,3 ester bonds in triacylglycerol molecules. The interesterification products were analyzed regarding their fatty acid composition and distribution in triacylglycerol molecules. In order to assess the quality of the generated substitutes, in the interesterification products the following were determined: acid value, peroxide number, and oxidative stability. The collected data were statistically processed using Tukey’s test. Following the interesterification, the fats revealed an elevated percentage of free fatty acids and primary oxidation products and reduced oxidative stability compared to those of lard. The last of the above-mentioned phenomena could have been due to the incorporation of polyenic fatty acids into the external positions of triacyclglycerols of lard. The interesterification of lard and hemp seed oil allows scientists to acquire substitutes rich in essential fatty acids and similar to human breast milk fat with respect to the distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol molecules.

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Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 534 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽

Pratibha Singh ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Esli Medina-Morales ◽

William Yakah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Intestinal Injury ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Human Breast

Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and development. Breast milk fats and their downstream derivatives of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived terminal mediators not only provide an energy source but also are important regulators of development, immune function, and metabolism. The composition of the lipids and fatty acids determines the nutritional and physicochemical properties of human milk fat. Essential fatty acids, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and specialized pro-resolving mediators, are critical for growth, organogenesis, and regulation of inflammation. Combined data including in vitro, in vivo, and human cohort studies support the beneficial effects of human breast milk in intestinal development and in reducing the risk of intestinal injury. Human milk has been shown to reduce the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Preterm infants fed human breast milk are less likely to develop NEC compared to preterm infants receiving infant formula. Intestinal development and its physiological functions are highly adaptive to changes in nutritional status influencing the susceptibility towards intestinal injury in response to pathological challenges. In this review, we focus on lipids and fatty acids present in breast milk and their impact on neonatal gut development and the risk of disease.

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The effect of a controlled manipulation of maternal dietary fat intake on medium and long chain fatty acids in human breast milk in Saskatoon, Canada

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/1746-4358-5-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Roseann Nasser ◽

Alison M Stephen ◽

Yeow K Goh ◽

M Thomas Clandinin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Human Breast ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Long Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Relationship between Fatty Acids Composition/Antioxidant Potential of Breast Milk and Maternal Diet: Comparison with Infant Formulas

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2910 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michela Codini ◽

Carmela Tringaniello ◽

Lina Cossignani ◽

Antonio Boccuto ◽

Alessandra Mirarchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formulas ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Human Breast

The fatty acid composition of human breast milk is relevant for the energy, immunity and eicosanoid production in infants. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of foods are essential for human health. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet and fatty acids composition as well as the antioxidant potential of breast milk from donors to human milk bank of Perugia’s hospital, Italy. Results were compared with infant formulas. We observed increased levels of total fatty acids and, in particular, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers fed on a vegetable and fruit-rich diet compared with a Mediterranean diet. In the same milk, a reduced antioxidant potential was found. All infant formulas resulted in richer total fatty acid content than human breast milk. Only some formulas were qualitatively similar to breast milk. Of note, the antioxidant potential of the formulas was higher or lower than the human milk with the exception of one sample. The antioxidant potential of four formulas was very high. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been shown to have a teratogenic effect and to increase the formation of metastases in adult. There are no data on the effects of excess antioxidants in the infants, but the possibility that they can be harmful cannot be excluded.

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