The effect of processing of Chlorella vulgaris: K-5 on in vitro and in vivo digestibility in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Komaki ◽  
M Yamashita ◽  
Y Niwa ◽  
Y Tanaka ◽  
N Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ana Regueiras ◽  
Álvaro Huguet ◽  
Tiago Conde ◽  
Daniela Couto ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
...  

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255996
Author(s):  
Danielli M. M. Dantas ◽  
Thiago B. Cahú ◽  
Carlos Yure B. Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Abadie-Guedes ◽  
Nathalia A. Roberto ◽  
...  

Recent advances in microalgae biotechnology have proven that these microorganisms contain a number of bioactive molecules, that can be used as food additives that help prevent disease. The green microalga Chlorella vulgaris presents several biomolecules, such as lutein and astaxanthin, with antioxidant capacity, which can play a protective role in tissues. In this study, we produced and analyzed a C. vulgaris functional alcoholic beverage (produced using a traditional Brazilian alcoholic beverage, cachaça, and C. vulgaris biomass). Assays were conducted in vitro by radical scavenging tests, and in vivo, by modeling cortical spreading depression in rat brains. Scavenging radical assays showed that consumption of the C. vulgaris alcoholic beverage had a DPPH inhibition of 77.2%. This functional alcoholic beverage at a concentration of 12.5 g L-1 significantly improved cortical spreading depression velocity in the rat brains (2.89 mm min-1), when compared with cachaça alone (3.68 mm min-1) and control (distilled water; 3.25 mm min-1). Moreover, animals that consumed the functional beverage gained less weight than those that consumed just alcohol and the control groups. These findings suggest that the C. vulgaris functional alcoholic beverage plays a protective physiologic role in protecting brain cells from the effects of drinking ethanol.


2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengen Yu ◽  
Mengjiao Chen ◽  
Jiangli Gui ◽  
Shudan Huang ◽  
Yumeng Liu ◽  
...  

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (116) ◽  
pp. 96097-96104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Cai ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Shaoyun Wang

A pigment–protein complex isolated from Chlorella exhibited significant antioxidant activity in vitro and manifested discernible protective action in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo.


Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Lumsden ◽  
Lawrence T. Threadgold ◽  
John A. Oaks ◽  
C. Arme

SUMMARYAdult Hymenolepis diminuta were tested for their ability to transport colloids under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The tracers employed included colloidal thorium dioxide (Thorotrast), carbon (Pelikan Ink), ferritin and the 14C-labelled protein fraction from Chlorella vulgaris. Though certain of these tracers were adsorbed to the external surface of the tegument plasmalemma, no evidence for the assimilation of any of these colloids was obtained in the present study. Further, significant differences in size and structure between the granular inclusions reported earlier by Rothman (1967) as assimilated colloids and the particles present in the respective colloidal suspensions were noted. Results of this investigation are interpreted as rendering untenable previous conclusions concerning transmembranosis of colloids by tapeworms.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Cai ◽  
Qimin Huang ◽  
Shaoyun Wang

The natural lutein–protein complex (LPC) was first purified from Chlorella vulgaris. LPC showed significant radical scavenging effects in vitro and could significantly reduce CCl4-induced hepatic injury in vivo. LPC has the potential for use in making antioxidant dietary supplements for human beings.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Nunes de Melo ◽  
Isabelle Barreto da Silva Moreira Reino ◽  
Victor Vaitkevicius Antão de Souza Souza ◽  
Jady Moreira da Silva ◽  
Rayana Carla Silva De Morais ◽  
...  

Introdução: O regime terapêutico utilizado no tratamento da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é direcionado apenas para morte do parasito, não exerce influência sobre a resposta imune do hospedeiro (1, 2). Desta forma, é essencial desenvolver novos alvos terapêuticos que possam estabelecer uma modulação entre os perfis Th1 (inflamação/proteção) e Th2 (suscetibilidade a infecção), para uma futura cura clínica (3). Estudos com produtos naturais, como a microalga Chlorella vulgaris (CV), estão sendo considerados promissores por apresentarem potencial para atividades terapêuticas e antiparasitárias (4, 5), com facilidade e baixo custo de produção. Objetivo: Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar in vitro o preliminar potencial terapêutico da C. vulgaris pela obtenção do Índice de Seletividade (IS). Métodos: O extrato de CV foi obtido após cultivo, por sonicação. Para obtenção do IS, utilizou-se Células Mononucleares do Sangue Periférico (PBMC) de humanos, para a determinação da Concentração Citotóxica de 50% (CC50), pelo método de MTT, e ensaios de concentração inibitória de 50% (IC50), em células promastigotas de Leishmania braziliensis, através de contagem celular por microscopia óptica. Ambos os ensaios foram tratados com o extrato de CV e as drogas de referência (DR) (antimoniato pentavalente [SbV] e miltefosina), em concentrações seriadas entre 1000μg/mL e 62,5μg/mL para a CC50, entre 500μg/mL e 0,1 μg/mL para a IC50. O valor de IS foi determinado pela razão entre a CC50 e IC50. Resultados: Para os ensaios de CC50 em PBMC humano, verificou-se baixa toxidade demostrada pela elevada viabilidade celular com o extrato de CV (999,66μg/ml), quando comparado com as DR (SbV= 412,46μg/ml e Miltefosina=159,49μg/ml). Além disso, a IC50 do extrato de CV (144,93μg/ml) apresentou baixa toxicidade para a L. braziliensis, com dados próximos ao do Sbv (119,76μg/ml), mas a Miltefosina (IC50=1,02μg/mL) apresentou uma maior atividade leishmanicida, porém foi o mais tóxico para células humanas. O IS do extrato de CV (IS=6,9) obteve resultado superior ao do Sbv(IS=3,44), apresentando maior seletividade contra o parasito e menor toxidade para as células humanas, e a miltefosina possui o maior valor, sendo 100 vezes mais seletivo para o parasito. Conclusões: Portanto, com base nos dados obtidos o extrato de CV, não tóxico para células humanas e seletivo contra o parasito, possui potencial para futuros estudos in vivo com base no desenvolvimento de novas terapias contra LTA.


Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.


Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.


Author(s):  
Raul I. Garcia ◽  
Evelyn A. Flynn ◽  
George Szabo

Skin pigmentation in mammals involves the interaction of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes in the structural and functional unit known as the Epidermal Melanin Unit. Melanocytes(M) synthesize melanin within specialized membrane-bound organelles, the melanosome or pigment granule. These are subsequently transferred by way of M dendrites to keratinocytes(K) by a mechanism still to be clearly defined. Three different, though not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms of melanosome transfer have been proposed: cytophagocytosis by K of M dendrite tips containing melanosomes, direct injection of melanosomes into the K cytoplasm through a cell-to-cell pore or communicating channel formed by localized fusion of M and K cell membranes, release of melanosomes into the extracellular space(ECS) by exocytosis followed by K uptake using conventional phagocytosis. Variability in methods of transfer has been noted both in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence in support of each transfer mechanism. We Have previously studied M-K interactions in vitro using time-lapse cinemicrography and in vivo at the ultrastructural level using lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture.


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