The effects of diet, Ad libitum (AL) overfeeding and moderate or marked dietary restriction (DR) on body weight (BW), survival, clinical pathology parameters, and cause of death in control sprague-dawley (SD) rats

This study compared the effects of ad libitum (AL) overfeeding and moderate or marked dietary restriction (DR) on the pathogenesis of a metabolic syndrome of diabesity comprised of age-related degenerative diseases and obesity in a outbred stock of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats [Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR]. SD rats were fed Purina Certified Rodent Diet AL (group 1), DR at 72–79% of AL (group 2), DR at 68–72% of AL (group 3) or DR at 47–48% of AL (group 4) for 106 weeks. Interim necropsies were performed at 13, 26, and 53 weeks, after a 7-day 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-filled minipump implantation. Body weights, organ weights, carcass analysis, in-life data including estrous cyclicity, and histopathology were determined. At 6–7 weeks of age SD rats had 6% body fat. AL-feeding resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and dietary-induced obesity (DIO) by study week 14, with 25% body fat that progressed to 36–42% body fat by 106 weeks. As early as 14 weeks, key biomarkers developed for spontaneous nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and degenerative changes in multiple organ systems. Early endocrine disruption was indicated by changes in metabolic and endocrine profiles and the early development and progression of lesions in the pituitary, pancreatic islets, adrenals, thyroids, parathyroids, liver, kidneys, and other tissues. Reproductive senescence was seen by 9 months with declines in estrous cyclicity and pathological changes in the reproductive organs of both sexes fed AL or moderate DR, but not marked DR. The diabesity syndrome in AL-fed, DIO SD rats was readily modulated or prevented by moderate to marked DR. Moderate DR of balanced diets resulted in a better toxicology model by significantly improving survival, controlling adult body weight and obesity, reducing the onset, severity, and morbidity of age-related renal, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. Moderate DR feeding reduces study-to-study variability, increases treatment exposure time, and increases the ability to distinguish true treatment effects from spontaneous aging. The structural and metabolic differences between the phenotypes of DIO and DR SD rats indicated changes of polygenic expression over time in this outbred stock. AL-overfeeding of SD rats produces a needed model of DIO and diabesity that needs further study of its patterns of polygenic expression and phenotype.

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The Effects of AD Libitum (AL) Overfeeding and Moderate Dietary Restriction (DR) on the Incidence of Spontaneous Corneal Dystrophy in Control Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats

Advances in Ocular Toxicology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-5937-5_8 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 73-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.-F. Hubert ◽

Ph. Laroque ◽

G. Durand-Cavagna ◽

P. Delort ◽

K. P. Keenan

Keyword(s):

Dietary Restriction ◽

Corneal Dystrophy ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Ad Libitum

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Influence of Origin or Controlled Feeding On Longevity of Sprague-Dawley Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/109158189801700204 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 17 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 57-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E.V. Knight ◽

D.S. Barrett ◽

C.M. Keenan ◽

J.P. Kimball ◽

B.H. Eitzen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

The Third ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

Two-year studies were undertaken in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to assess the effects of origin, group housing, or various feeding regimens on longevity. This report describes results of in-life findings pertaining to body weight gain, food consumption, palpable masses, and preliminary analysis of clinical pathology parameters and necropsy observations. The first study compared ad libitum feeding of SD rats from the following suppliers: Charles River Labs (CRL) International Standard (IS) and Original Standard (OS), Ace Animals, Inc., and Harlan Sprague-Dawley, Inc. The second study assessed individual and group housed ad libitum feeding of Purina Certified Rodent Chow 5002 (20% crude protein), and individually housed controlled feeding of either Purina 5002 or Opti-diet (14% crude protein). The in-life phase of the third study has recently been completed. This study compared controlled (5.5 g Purina 5002 biscuit) to ad libitum (Purina 5002) feeding in CRL IS rats. In the supplier study, survival of male rats was markedly greater for CRL (IS) rats when compared to other groups. Body weight gain and food consumption were greatest in the CRL (OS) rats. Increases in cholesterol, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, and gross renal disease were observed in Harlan and Ace SD rats, while CRL rats had a higher incidence of grossly detectable pituitary masses and foci. In the feeding study, controlled feeding significantly increased the survival rate and decreased body weight gain. Single and group housed SD rats fed ad libitum had decreased T4 and markedly higher cholesterol and triglyceride values, when compared to rats fed controlled diets. Survival of IS rats fed a controlled diet was also notably higher than ad libitum-fed IS rats in the third study.

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Productive performance, body chemical composition, and deposition of 42-day-old quail for meat subjected to quantitative dietary restriction

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p855 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 855 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daiane De Oliveira Grieser ◽

Simara Márcia Marcato ◽

Mariana Fátima Zanon Ferreira ◽

Taciana Maria de Oliveira-Bruxel ◽

Vittor Zancanela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Coturnix Coturnix ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

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The Effects of Ad Libitum Overfeeding and Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction on Age-Related Spontaneous Pituitary Gland Pathology in Sprague—Dawley Rats

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/01926230390204351 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 310-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽

Philippe Laroque ◽

John B. Coleman ◽

Chao-Min Hoe ◽

Kevin P. Keenan

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Age Related ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum

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Lack of Oncogenicity of Wood Creosote, the Principal Active Ingredient of Seirogan, an Herbal Antidiarrheal Medication, in Sprague-Dawley Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/109158101753253036 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 297-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tomoo Kuge ◽

Takashi Shibata ◽

Michael S. Willett ◽

Patricia Turck ◽

Karl A. Traul

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dose Level ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Wood Creosote

Seirogan, an herbal medicine containing wood creosote (tablets, 10.0% w/w), has been developed and marketed for almost a century in various countries for the control of acute diarrhea and treatment of associated symptoms, such as abdominal cramping. Wood creosote (CAS no. 8021–39–4) is a mixture of simple phenolic compounds, including guaiacol and creosol and related compounds, and is chemically distinct from, and should not be confused with, coal tar creosote, a known carcinogen. In the current study, the oncogenic potential of wood creosote was assessed in a 96/103-week oral gavage study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of 60 rats/sex received wood creosote at dose levels of 20, 50, or 200 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day. An additional group of rats received the vehicle, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in deionized, distilled water, at the same dose volume as the treatment groups (10 ml/kg) and served as the controls. Treatment-related decreases in survival, body weight, and food consumption, as well as increased incidences of clinical signs that included rales, decreased activity, and salivation, were noted at 200 mg/kg bw/day when compared with the control group. There was an increased incidence of reddened and edematous lungs in rats from the 200 mg/kg bw/day group that died during the study. The lung findings were suggestive of test article aspiration during dose administration or agonal aspiration preceding and possibly resulting in death, especially because these observations were not seen in animals that survived to scheduled sacrifice. Additionally, phenols are generally recognized as having corrosive properties. There were no changes in clinical pathology and no increases in neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions, excluding the lung findings, related to treatment with wood creosote at any dose level. Although the results of this study indicate that the maximum tolerated dose of wood creosote was met or exceeded at 200 mg/kg bw/day, there was no evidence of oncogenicity at any dose level. The lack of any evidence of oncogenicity supports the safety profile of the active ingredient in Seirogan, wood creosote.

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The Effects of Ad Libitum Feeding and Marked Dietary Restriction on Spontaneous Skeletal Muscle Pathology in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/01926230500251428 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 600-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽

Marie-Françoise Hubert ◽

Chao-Min Hoe ◽

Kevin Keenan ◽

Philippe Laroque

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Muscle Pathology ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

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Suppression of food intake, body weight, and body fat by jejunal fatty acid infusions

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r604 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (3) ◽

pp. R604-R610 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

James E. Cox ◽

William J. Tyler ◽

Alan Randich ◽

Gary R. Kelm ◽

Satinder S. Bharaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Total Load ◽

Total Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Saline Administration ◽

Ad Libitum

Three experiments investigated effects of jejunal lipid infusions given on 4 or 21 consecutive days in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1, 7-h infusions of linoleic or oleic acid (0.2 ml/h for 7 h; total load = 11.5 kcal) on 4 consecutive days reduced total intake (ad libitum consumption of the liquid diet Boost, Mead Johnson, plus load) by ∼15% and decreased weight gain compared with 4-day tests with saline administration. In experiment 2, linoleic acid at 0.1 ml/h for 7 h (5.7 kcal) was ineffective, whereas the same load delivered in 3.5 h produced effects similar in magnitude to those in the first experiment. In experiment 3, jejunal infusions of linoleic acid (0.2 ml/h for 7 h) on 21 consecutive days reduced mean total intake by 16%, body weight by 10%, and carcass fat by 48% compared with controls receiving saline. The net decrease in caloric intake may reflect the combined activation of pre- and postabsorptive mechanisms, and it suggests a possible treatment for obesity.

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