Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults

Background: Stroke in young adults constitutes 15-18% of all ischemic strokes. Vascular risk factors contribute to stroke risk in young adults particularly older young adults. Few studies have addressed Black White differences in risk, stratified by age. We evaluated the prevalence of risk factors in the younger young (less than 40 years) vs. the older young adults (40 and above). Methods: A population based case control study with 1034 cases and 1091 controls, ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship between risk factors (DM, HTN, Smoking and Obesity) and stroke. Groups were defined by the number of risk factors (RF) among cases and controls : no risk factors (ref group), one RF, two RF, three RF and four RF. Prevalence of risk factors was determined in the entire population and stratified by age, sex and race. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of stroke based on the number of risk factors compared to the reference group. Results: The percent of cases with three or more risk factors was compared in different subgroups: ages 15-39 vs. 40-49 was 8.4 vs. 21.6, women vs. men was 15.6 vs. 18.6 and White vs. Black was 12.3 vs. 22.7. Among cases 40 years and older, Blacks were 3 times more likely than Whites (5.9 vs. 2) to have four or more risk factors.Across all age, race and sex subgroups, the odds of having a stroke increased exponentially with an increase in the number of risk factors. Conclusion: Blacks are more likely to have multiple risk factors than Whites. This difference is accentuated in those 40 years and older. Targeting young adults with multiple risk factors for preventive interventions would address a root case of excess stroke risk especially among Blacks.

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Abstract WP229: Young African Americans With Stroke Have a Greater Burden of Multiple Risk Factors Than Their White Counterparts

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wp229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Prachi Mehndiratta ◽

Kathleen Ryan ◽

John W Cole ◽

Marcella Wozniak ◽

Seemant Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Factor Group ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Risk ◽

Group D

Background: Stroke in young adults accounts for 15-18% of all ischemic stroke (IS) cases and disproportionately affects African Americans (AfrAm). While it is well known that a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors, particularly HTN and DM, contributes to this excess risk, few studies have examined the potential contribution of the synergistic risk from multiple vascular risk factors. Methods: A population-based case-control study with 582 cases and 727 controls ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship of multiple risk factors and IS in young adults and compare AfrAM and White cases for the prevalence of multiple risk factors. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and race was used to evaluate the association between the following mutually exclusive risk factor groups and IS: (a) Smoking alone, (b) Smoking+ HTN only, (c) Smoking + HTN +Obesity only (d) Smoking + HTN + Obesity +DM. The reference group for these analyses was those with no risk factors. Logistic regression with adjustment for age only was also used to compare AfrAM vs White cases for their prevalence in each risk factor group. Results: There were a total 218 cases with no risk factors. The odds of having an IS increased exponentially as the number of risk factors increased (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8 - 3.0, p <0.0001 for group a versus OR 16.5, 95% CI 4.8-56.1, p<0.0001 for group d). Young AfrAM cases were approximately 6 times more likely (25.3% vs. 4.3% p<0.0001) than White cases to be in the multiple risk factor group d. Conclusion: The risk of IS increases in an exponential manner in young adults with an increasing number of traditional risk factors. Compared to their White counterparts, young AfrAm IS cases are approximately 6 times more likely to have all 4 risk factors: smoking, HTN, DM and obesity. Risk factor synergy could contribute to the excess risk of IS among young AfrAm and our study emphasizes early screening for vascular risk factors in this subgroup.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Clustering Features of Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Syndrome X) In a Biracial (Black-White) Population of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010069 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 150 (7) ◽

pp. 667-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

W. Chen ◽

S. R. Srinivasan ◽

A. Elkasabany ◽

G. S. Berenson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽

Syndrome X ◽

White Population ◽

Bogalusa Heart Study ◽

Heart Study

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Association of Multiple Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance With Increased Prevalence of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease by an Electron-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/hq1201.100257 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 2051-2058 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Yadon Arad ◽

David Newstein ◽

Fredrick Cadet ◽

Marguerite Roth ◽

Alan D. Guerci

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease

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Prevalence and pattern of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban population of Jaipur, Rajasthan

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 3107

Author(s):

Chabbil Kumar ◽

Priyanka Dobhal ◽

Amita Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Risk ◽

Student’S T ◽

Jaipur City

Background: Majority of the risk factors for NCDs are measurable and modifiable thus continuous surveillance of the levels and pattern of these risk factors is of fundamental importance. Taking cognizance of Jaipur city rapidly adopting to metropolitan culture; this study may mark an important milestone in surveillance activities and setting preventive priorities for NCDs in the state of Rajasthan. Aim of the study is to measure prevalence and associated variables of major risk factors for NCDs in the age group of 25-64 years.Methods: It is a cross sectional, descriptive study, conducted on 1454 person aged 25 to 64 years, residing in Jaipur city, from 1st June 2012 to 31st December 2013, using two steps of ‘standard WHO STEPS structured instrument’. Categorical data were expressed in form of percentage. Chi-square test was used to analyse difference in proportions. Continuous data were summarized in form of mean and SD. The differences in means were analysed by student’s t test.Results: At least one risk factor was present in all persons moreover 35% had multiple risk factors. Multiple risk factors were present even in 20% of relatively young adults (25-34 years). Tobacco and alcohol consumption was seen in 28% and 29% respectively. Standard of living index was associated with obesity, hypertension and low physical activity but not with alcohol use, smoking and daily consumption of fruit & vegetable. Male consumed more alcohol, indulged in less physical activity and smoked more than twelve times than females.Conclusions: Educating younger population for healthy lifestyle adoption and focused educational intervention with strict enforcement of existing laws will be helpful in controlling this epidemic of NCD.

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