Abstract WP229: Young African Americans With Stroke Have a Greater Burden of Multiple Risk Factors Than Their White Counterparts

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
John W Cole ◽  
Marcella Wozniak ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Group D

Background: Stroke in young adults accounts for 15-18% of all ischemic stroke (IS) cases and disproportionately affects African Americans (AfrAm). While it is well known that a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors, particularly HTN and DM, contributes to this excess risk, few studies have examined the potential contribution of the synergistic risk from multiple vascular risk factors. Methods: A population-based case-control study with 582 cases and 727 controls ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship of multiple risk factors and IS in young adults and compare AfrAM and White cases for the prevalence of multiple risk factors. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and race was used to evaluate the association between the following mutually exclusive risk factor groups and IS: (a) Smoking alone, (b) Smoking+ HTN only, (c) Smoking + HTN +Obesity only (d) Smoking + HTN + Obesity +DM. The reference group for these analyses was those with no risk factors. Logistic regression with adjustment for age only was also used to compare AfrAM vs White cases for their prevalence in each risk factor group. Results: There were a total 218 cases with no risk factors. The odds of having an IS increased exponentially as the number of risk factors increased (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8 - 3.0, p <0.0001 for group a versus OR 16.5, 95% CI 4.8-56.1, p<0.0001 for group d). Young AfrAM cases were approximately 6 times more likely (25.3% vs. 4.3% p<0.0001) than White cases to be in the multiple risk factor group d. Conclusion: The risk of IS increases in an exponential manner in young adults with an increasing number of traditional risk factors. Compared to their White counterparts, young AfrAm IS cases are approximately 6 times more likely to have all 4 risk factors: smoking, HTN, DM and obesity. Risk factor synergy could contribute to the excess risk of IS among young AfrAm and our study emphasizes early screening for vascular risk factors in this subgroup.

Abstract P676: Rates of Preventable Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhee Lalla ◽  
Ryan Dunlow ◽  
Karen L Yarbrough ◽  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Michael S Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction: The AHA notes that more than 76% of strokes are the first occurrence. There are class 1 recommendations for the management of common risk factors such as atrial fibrillation (AF), hyperlipidemia (HLD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), and vascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the percentage of large vessel strokes that are potentially preventable with adequate management of vascular risk factors. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) from 2012-2019. Data was collected on vascular risk factors present prior to admission including HTN, DM, HLD, AF, and smoking. Preventable stroke was defined as having at least one of the following: untreated AF, untreated HLD, poorly controlled HTN (presence of left ventricular hypertrophy on transthoracic echo), history of vascular disease not on an antiplatelet agent, poorly controlled DM (A1c>10), current smoking. Groups were compared based on age, sex and 90 day functional outcomes, with favorable outcome defined as mRS ≤ 2. Results: Our sample included 396 patients who underwent EVT (mean age 65, 50% female). 42% of patients with Afib were not on anticoagulation, 31% of patients with HLD were untreated, 39% of patients with HTN were poorly controlled, 27% of patients with a history of vascular disease were not on an antiplatelet, 14% of patients with DM were poorly controlled, and 46% of all patients were smokers. In total, 78% of patients had at least 1 poorly controlled risk factor and 37% had at least 2. There was no difference in rates of preventable stroke between males and females (48% vs 52%, p=0.30) and between age groups above and below 70 (40% vs 60%, p=0.68). 64% of patients with well controlled risk factors had a favorable outcome compared to 51% with at least one poorly controlled risk factor (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our data suggests that despite guidelines on management of vascular risk factors, a large number of these are poorly controlled prior to admission for large vessel stroke, leading to a potentially preventable procedure. Not only could improved primary prevention save the wide array of resources utilized in EVT, but it could also influence long term outcomes in this cohort of patients.

Abstract P672: Black White Disparity in Multiple Risk Factors is Increased in Older Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Adeolu Morawo ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
Carolyn A Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Background: Stroke in young adults constitutes 15-18% of all ischemic strokes. Vascular risk factors contribute to stroke risk in young adults particularly older young adults. Few studies have addressed Black White differences in risk, stratified by age. We evaluated the prevalence of risk factors in the younger young (less than 40 years) vs. the older young adults (40 and above). Methods: A population based case control study with 1034 cases and 1091 controls, ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship between risk factors (DM, HTN, Smoking and Obesity) and stroke. Groups were defined by the number of risk factors (RF) among cases and controls : no risk factors (ref group), one RF, two RF, three RF and four RF. Prevalence of risk factors was determined in the entire population and stratified by age, sex and race. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of stroke based on the number of risk factors compared to the reference group. Results: The percent of cases with three or more risk factors was compared in different subgroups: ages 15-39 vs. 40-49 was 8.4 vs. 21.6, women vs. men was 15.6 vs. 18.6 and White vs. Black was 12.3 vs. 22.7. Among cases 40 years and older, Blacks were 3 times more likely than Whites (5.9 vs. 2) to have four or more risk factors.Across all age, race and sex subgroups, the odds of having a stroke increased exponentially with an increase in the number of risk factors. Conclusion: Blacks are more likely to have multiple risk factors than Whites. This difference is accentuated in those 40 years and older. Targeting young adults with multiple risk factors for preventive interventions would address a root case of excess stroke risk especially among Blacks.

scholarly journals Vascular risk at younger ages most strongly associates with current and future brain volume

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (16) ◽  
pp. e1479-e1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Pase ◽  
Kendra Davis-Plourde ◽  
Jayandra J. Himali ◽  
Claudia L. Satizabal ◽  
Hugo Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Risk Factor Burden

ObjectiveGiven the potential therapeutic effect of vascular disease control timing to reduce dementia risk, we investigated the age-related influences of vascular risk factor burden on brain structure throughout the lifespan.MethodsWe studied participants from the community-based prospective Framingham Heart Study. Overall vascular risk factor burden was calculated according to the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, a validated algorithm that predicts stroke risk. Brain volume was estimated by MRI. We used cross-sectional data to examine how the strength of association between vascular risk factor burden and brain volume changed across each age decade from age 45–54 years through to 85–94 years (N = 2,887). Second, we leveraged up to 40 years of longitudinal data to determine how the strength of association between vascular risk factor burden and brain volume changed when vascular risk factors were examined at progressively earlier ages (N = 7,868).ResultsIn both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, higher vascular risk factor burden was associated with lower brain volume across each age decade. In the cross-sectional analysis, the strength of this association decreased with each decade of advancing age (p for trend < 0.0001). In longitudinal analysis, the strength of association between vascular risk factor burden and brain volume was stronger when vascular risk factors were measured at younger ages. For example, vascular risk factor burden was most strongly associated with lower brain volume in later life when vascular risk factors were measured at age 45 years.ConclusionVascular risk factors at younger ages appear to have detrimental effects on current and future brain volume.

Abstract WMP53: Traditional Vascular Risk Factors Account for Different Proportions of Ischemic Stroke Within Different Gender and Race Groups

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Aradine ◽  
Yan Hou ◽  
Kathleen A Ryan ◽  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Michael S Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Stroke In Young

Introduction: Few studies have compared the proportion of ischemic strokes attributable to traditional vascular risk factors (population-attributable risk percent or PAR%) between genders and races. The PAR% is a function of the population prevalence and strength of association of a risk factor. Methods: A population-based case-control study of ischemic stroke in young adults ages 18-49 in the Baltimore-Washington region was used to study the prevalence, odds ratios, and PAR% of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking among blacks and whites. Logistic regression was used to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: There were 1044 cases and 1099 controls. Of the cases, 47% were black, 54% were women. Roughly a quarter to a third of all strokes in women were attributable to smoking. Due to the higher prevalence of hypertension and a higher odds ratio for hypertension in black men (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6-5.9) compared to white men (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6), there was a much higher PAR% for hypertension among black men than white men. See Table 1 for prevalence and Table 2 for PAR% stratified by gender and race. Conclusion: Traditional vascular risk factors have the potential to explain a high proportion of ischemic stroke in young adults. The high proportion of strokes in women attributable to smoking underscores the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions in this population. Diabetes and, especially, hypertension are important contributors to the excess population burden of ischemic stroke among blacks. These findings support the value of early screening and treatment for hypertension in young blacks.

scholarly journals The comparison of traditional vascular risk factor between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon ◽  
Rosa De Lima Renita Sanyasi ◽  
Andre Dharmawan Wijono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stroke Registry

Background: Understanding about risk factors of stroke based on its pathology is very important. Previous study about the vascular risk factors in patients with stroke in Indonesia is very limited.Aims and Objective: Measure the comparison between traditional vascular risk factors in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and non-hemorrhagic (ischemic) stroke.Materials and Methods: This was a nested case-control study using secondary data from electronic medical record and electronic stroke registry of Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia. The stroke was diagnosed with standard way by well-trained neurologist and confirmed with CT Scan. The traditional risk factors were defined systematically. We used Dupont Power and Sample Size calculation software and StatCal EpiInfo software with significance level 0,05.Result: The data of 200 subjects consisted of 100 patients with hemorrhagic stroke and 100 patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was main vascular risk factor in both Group but it was more common in hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 2,528, 95% CI: 0,069 ; 0,316, p < 0,002). Dyslipidemia was a protective factor against hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 0,147, 95% CI: 1,415 ; 4,516, p < 0,001). Diabetes was more common in ischemic stroke compared with hemorrhagic stroke (68% and 32%) respectively.Conclusion: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were modifiable traditional vascular risk factors which significantly had effect on stroke. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(6) 2017 5-8

Number of Risk Factors in Down Syndrome Pregnancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 079-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana Hussamy ◽  
Christina Herrera ◽  
Diane Twickler ◽  
Donald Mcintire ◽  
Jodi Dashe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Stillborn Infant ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factor prevalence in pregnancies with fetal Down syndrome, in an effort to characterize efficacy of population-based screening. Study Design Retrospective review of singleton pregnancies with delivery of live born or stillborn infant with Down syndrome from 2009 through 2015. Risk factor categories included maternal age ≥35 years, abnormal serum screening, identification of ≥1 ultrasound marker at 16 to 22 weeks (nuchal thickness ≥6 mm, echogenic intracardiac focus, echogenic bowel, renal pelvis dilatation, femur length <third percentile), and detection of a major fetal anomaly. Statistical analyses included χ2 test and Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test. Results Down syndrome infants represented 1:428 singleton births. All risk categories were assessed in 125 pregnancies and included abnormal serum screen in 110 (88%), ≥1 ultrasound marker in 66 (53%), and ≥1 anomaly in 41 (34%). The calculated risk was at least 1:270 in 93% of Down syndrome pregnancies. More pregnancies had multiple risk factors than had a single risk factor, 90 (72%) versus 30 (24%), p < 0.001. An abnormal ultrasound marker or anomaly was identified in >50% of fetuses in women <35 years and in >75% of those 35 years and older. Conclusion In a population-based cohort, sensitivity of second-trimester Down syndrome screening was 93%, with multiple risk factors present in nearly three-fourths of cases.

scholarly journals Predictors for carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252569
Author(s):  
Christopher Lambeth ◽  
Rita Perri ◽  
Sharon Lee ◽  
Manisha Verma ◽  
Nicole Campbell-Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Continuous Positive Pressure

Introduction The impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) on arterial intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate measure for cardiovascular disease, remains uncertain, in part because of the potential for non-SDB vascular risk factor interactions. In the present study, we determined predictors for common carotid (CCA) and femoral (CFA) artery IMT in an adult, sleep clinic cohort where non-SDB vascular risk factors (particularly diabetes) were eliminated or controlled. Methods We recruited 296 participants for polysomnography (standard SDB severity metrics) and CCA/CFA ultrasound examinations, followed by a 12 month vascular risk factor minimisation (RFM) and continuous positive pressure (CPAP) intervention for participants with a range of SDB severity (RFM Sub-Group, n = 157; apnea hyponea index [AHI]: 14.7 (7.2–33.2), median [IQR]). Univariable and multivariable linear regression models determined independent predictors for IMT. Linear mixed effects modelling determined independent predictors for IMT change across the intervention study. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results Age, systolic blood pressure and waist:hip ratio were identified as non-SDB predictive factors for CCA IMT and age, weight and total cholesterol:HDL ratio for CFA IMT. No SDB severity metric emerged as an independent predictor for either CCA or CFA IMT, except in the RFM Sub-Group, where a 2-fold increase in AHI predicted a 2.4% increase in CFA IMT. Across the intervention study, CCA IMT decreased in those who lost weight, but there was no CPAP use interaction. CFA IMT, however, decreased by 12.9% (95%CI 6.8, 18.7%, p = 0.001) in those participants who both lost weight and used CPAP > = 4hours/night. Conclusion We conclude that SDB severity has little impact on CCA IMT values when non-SDB vascular risk factors are minimised or not present. This is the first study, however, to suggest a potential linkage between SDB severity and CFA IMT values. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000250932 and ACTRN12620000694910.

scholarly journals Predicting Obesity in Adults Using Machine Learning Techniques: An Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Astuti Thamrin ◽  
Dian Sidik Arsyad ◽  
Hedi Kuswanto ◽  
Armin Lawi ◽  
Sudirman Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Multiple Risk

Obesity is strongly associated with multiple risk factors. It is significantly contributing to an increased risk of chronic disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are various challenges to better understand the association between risk factors and the occurrence of obesity. The traditional regression approach limits analysis to a small number of predictors and imposes assumptions of independence and linearity. Machine Learning (ML) methods are an alternative that provide information with a unique approach to the application stage of data analysis on obesity. This study aims to assess the ability of ML methods, namely Logistic Regression, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and Naïve Bayes to identify the presence of obesity using publicly available health data, using a novel approach with sophisticated ML methods to predict obesity as an attempt to go beyond traditional prediction models, and to compare the performance of three different methods. Meanwhile, the main objective of this study is to establish a set of risk factors for obesity in adults among the available study variables. Furthermore, we address data imbalance using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to predict obesity status based on risk factors available in the dataset. This study indicates that the Logistic Regression method shows the highest performance. Nevertheless, kappa coefficients show only moderate concordance between predicted and measured obesity. Location, marital status, age groups, education, sweet drinks, fatty/oily foods, grilled foods, preserved foods, seasoning powders, soft/carbonated drinks, alcoholic drinks, mental emotional disorders, diagnosed hypertension, physical activity, smoking, and fruit and vegetables consumptions are significant in predicting obesity status in adults. Identifying these risk factors could inform health authorities in designing or modifying existing policies for better controlling chronic diseases especially in relation to risk factors associated with obesity. Moreover, applying ML methods on publicly available health data, such as Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) is a promising strategy to fill the gap for a more robust understanding of the associations of multiple risk factors in predicting health outcomes.

Vascular White Matter Lesions in Young Adults: A Neurology Outpatient Clinic Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Miguel Viana-Baptista ◽  
Vera Cruz-e-Silva ◽  
André Caetano ◽  
João Pedro Marto ◽  
Elsa Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Previous History ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Although frequently assumed to be age-related changes, vascular white matter lesions (WML) are sometimes found in young adults. Etiology is usually attributed to sporadic small vessel disease; nevertheless, genetic disorders may also be implicated. We aimed to characterize the population of young adults with vascular WML in Neurology outpatient clinics. Methods: Neurologists from 12 Portuguese hospitals were invited to include patients aged 18–55 years evaluated in consultation, with vascular WML on MRI, scoring II or III in the Fazekas scale. Central imaging validation was performed by 2 independent, blinded, Neuroradiologists. Demographic and clinical data were collected as well as results of investigations performed. Results: During 2 years, 77 patients were included (mean age 47.7 years). Vascular risk factors were present in 88.3% patients (hypertension in 53.2%) and previous history of stroke in 36.4%. Patients without history of stroke were younger (46.6 ± 7.2 vs. 49.6 ± 3.9 years, p = 0.045) and had fewer vascular risk factors (p < 0.001). They were more frequently females (87.8 vs. 46.4%, p < 0.001), and headache (30.6 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.007), contrary to focal symptoms (16.3 vs. 53.6%, p = 0.001), was the most frequent reason of referral. Etiological investigations performed differed between Neurologists. A genetic disorder was identified in 6 out of 58 patients (CADASIL n = 5; COL4A1 n = 1). Conclusion: Young adults with vascular WML evaluated in Neurology outpatient clinics concentrate in the oldest age groups. Vascular risk factors should be screened carefully in this population. Among patients without history of stroke, females largely outweigh males. Diagnostic investigations performed do not follow a standardized protocol.

Abstract 3431: A High Vascular Risk Factors Profile Predicts Lacunar Stroke Progression

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Nannoni ◽  
Vanessa Palumbo ◽  
Alessandra Del Bene ◽  
Giovanni Pracucci ◽  
Domenico Inzitari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parent Artery ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression

Background. Lacunar stroke (LS) accounts for a quarter of all ischemic strokes and is considered to have a benign prognosis. However, 20-30% of patients experience worsening of neurological deficit in hours or days after stroke onset. Mechanisms of progression are not known and no reliable clinical predictor has been identified. Aim of this study was to explore vascular risk factors and baseline clinical or laboratory features potentially associated with progression in LS. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with LS admitted to the Stroke Unit of Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy) between January 2002 and December 2010. Patients were included in the study if they presented with a lacunar syndrome according to OCSP classification and/or small vessel disease according to TOAST classification and/or a lacunar infarct on neuroimaging consistent with the clinical deficit. Patients were divided into “progressive” and “non progressive”. Progression was defined as an increase of at least one point on one of the motor items of the NIHSS during the first 72 hours after stroke onset. Factors associated with progression after univariate analysis were entered into a multiple logistic regression model in order to select independent determinants of progression. Results. Out of 1502 patients with ischemic stroke admitted during the study period, 156 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-nine (25%) patients showed neurological worsening. Latency of progression was 25.7 hours. Patients who progressed were younger than those who did not (mean age: 67.9±10.7 vs 70.6±13.0). There were no significant differences for single vascular risk factors distribution, laboratory parameters and baseline stroke severity comparing the two groups. When considering the presence of one versus more than one factor among hypertension, diabetes, smoking and hypercholesterolemia, the risk of progression increased with increasing number of risk factors: neurological worsening was observed in 0% (0/17) of patients with no risk factor, 24% (15/62) of those with one risk factor and 31% (24/77) of those with more than one risk factor (p=0.025). After adjustment for univariate predictors (age, sex, diastolic hypertension and lesion location in pons or internal capsule), the presence of multiple vascular risk factors maintained an independent effect on progression: risk of progression increased with an OR=1.7 (95%IC=1.1-2.8) for any additional risk factor. Conclusion. Our results suggest that a high risk factors profile is associated with an increased risk of progression. Translating this observation into a hypothetical pathological setting, it could support the hypothesis of mural atheroma involving the parent artery and proximal portion of the perforating arteries, eventually leading to the progressive enlargement of the ischemic area as a putative mechanism of progressive LS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document