HPA-axis Function and Depression in Adolescence: Are they Related to Prenatal Early Life Stress?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
B. Van den Bergh ◽  
B. Van Calster ◽  
T. Smits ◽  
S. Van Huffel ◽  
A. Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Early-life exposure to adverse environmental cues during critical windows of time in the prenatal and/or early postnatal life period could predispose the individual for somatic andmental diseases. This especially holds for stress-related disorders such as depression in which HPA-axis dysregulation plays a pathophysiological role. This is in line with the ‘fetal (or developmental) programming-hypothesis’ which has been tested in numerous preclinical experimental. We tested this hypothesis in humans in a prospective longitudinal study in which maternal emotional state was measured during each pregnancy trimester and after pregnancy. When the offspring was 14-15 years old, HPA-axis function was measured through establishing a saliva day-time cortisol profile. Severity of depressive symptoms was measured with the Children's Depression Inventory. Repeated measurements regression analysis and ordinary least-squares regression analyses indicated that maternal anxiety at 12-22 weeks of pregnancy was in female and male offspring associated with a diurnal cortisol profile that was attenuated due to elevated cortisol secretion in the evening. Moreover, in female adolescents this flattened cortisol curve was associated with depressive symptoms. Our results indicate that maternal anxiety during pregnancy enhances neurobiological vulnerability to depressive symptoms, possibly by altering (or ‘programming") foetal physiology. If our results can be replicated in future research they may lead to a re-orientation of the target of primary prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Preliminary results of a study on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal anxiety and cortisol stress responsivity during inoculation in the four month old will be presented.

Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben Meynen ◽  
Heleen Van Stralen ◽  
Jan H. Smit ◽  
Wouter Kamphorst ◽  
Dick F. Swaab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Depressive State ◽  
Neuritic Plaques ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Meynen G, Van Stralen H, Smit JH, Kamphorst W, Swaab DF, Hoogendijk WJG. Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease.Background:To investigate for the first time in a prospective study the relationship between depressive state and the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, using a scale for depressive symptoms in dementia, while controlling for clinical severity of dementia.Method:Within the framework of a prospective longitudinal study of depression in Alzheimer's disease, patients with dementia underwent a clinical evaluation every six months during the last years of their lives, using the Cornell scale for depression in dementia to assess depressive symptoms and using the Functional Assessment Staging scale to control for clinical severity of dementia. The brains of 43 Alzheimer patients were obtained. The last clinical evaluations prior to death together with post-mortem neuropathology measures were analysed.Results:We found a correlation between the Cornell scores and the sum score for the density of neuritic plaques in the entire cortex (p = 0.027), and even stronger in the temporal cortex (p = 0.012). The observed correlations were independent of sex, age of death, clinical dementia severity and duration of Alzheimer's disease.Conclusions:This study shows a positive relationship between depressive state at time of death and the presence of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease, which is independent of the clinical severity of dementia.

Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mobility Limitations Among Community-dwelling Older Americans: The Mediating Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Mastery

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110376
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Weidi Qin ◽  
Jiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion

Neighborhood environment plays an important role in late-life health; yet, the social aspect of neighborhood environment and its impact on mobility limitations have rarely been examined. This nonexperimental, cross-sectional study examines the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and mobility limitations and the potential mediators (i.e., depressive symptoms, mastery) of this relationship. A total of 8,317 Americans aged 65 years and older were selected from the Health and Retirement Study. Using ordinary least squares regressions, this study shows that neighborhood social cohesion was negatively associated with mobility limitations ( B  =  −0.04, p < .01). A Sobel test of mediation indicated that this relationship was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms ( z  =  −9.10, p < .001) and mastery ( z  =  −8.86, p < .001). Findings suggest that neighborhood cohesion can reduce mobility limitations through mitigating depressive symptoms and increasing mastery. Future research should disentangle the temporal ordering of the mediators.

“The beat of my heart”: the relationship between resting heart rate and psychopathy in a prospective longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Bergstrøm ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and psychopathy. The literature on heart rate vs criminality (including violence) is quite clear; low RHR is associated with engaging in violent and criminal behavior. However, results are not as consistent for psychopathy. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes heart rate measured at ages 18 and 48, and psychopathy at age 48, in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). The CSDD is a prospective longitudinal study that has followed 411 boys from childhood to middle age, and measured social and biological factors of interest to the field of criminal psychology. Findings Interestingly, it was only heart rate at age 18 that was negatively and significantly related to psychopathy at age 48. No trends or relationships were found between heart rate at age 48 and psychopathy at age 48. The findings do, however, indicate that low heart rate at age 18 predicts psychopathy at age 48, and the strongest negative relationships are found between low heart rate (beats per minute) and impulsive and antisocial psychopathic symptoms. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that low RHR predicts later psychopathy. Suggestions for future research are outlined.

A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽  
L. Murray ◽  
L. Dequae-Merchadou ◽  
E. Glatigny-Dallay ◽  
M.-L. Bourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms.MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account.ResultsChildren of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionEffects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Increasing mixed-berry flavonoid intake may reduce depressive symptoms in older adults: Framingham Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 864-864
Author(s):  
Courtney Millar ◽  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Marian Hannan ◽  
Shivani Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Abstract Depression affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Although epidemiological studies have linked higher dietary flavonoids with depression prevention in older women, it is unknown if increasing dietary flavonoids could effectively reduce depression. Mixed berries (blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry) are a rich source of flavonoids, particularly anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavan-3-ol subclasses. Our aim was to determine the association of mixed-berry flavonoid intake with change in depressive symptoms over ~8 years in older adults from the Framingham Heart Study. This community-based prospective longitudinal study included 1,278 adults with assessments on diet (food frequency questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CES-D) at baseline (1998-2001) and follow-up (2005-2008). Absolute change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake (defined as sum of anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavon-3-ols, mg/day) and change in CES-D scores were calculated. Linear regression estimated beta and standard error (SE) for change in CES-D scores per 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoids (obtained from ~3/4 cup of mixed berries), adjusting for baseline age, sex, energy-intake, current smoking, body mass index, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and non-melanoma cancer. Mean age was 59±9 years (range: 33-81), 57% female and mean change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was 15.0±72.8 mg/day over ~8 years. In adjusted models, each 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was associated with a 1-point reduction in depressive symptoms (beta: -1.06, SE: 0.61, p=0.08) over ~8 years, although this was not statistically significant. These data highlight the need for randomized clinical trials of flavonoid-rich berries to target depressive symptoms in older adults.

scholarly journals Determinants of Antidepressant Treatment and Outpatient Rehabilitation Within the First Year After Stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872097374
Author(s):  
Simon Ladwig ◽  
Katja Werheid
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This study aims to identify individual determinants of antidepressant treatment and outpatient rehabilitation after stroke. People with ischemic stroke ( N = 303) recruited at 2 inpatient rehabilitation clinics were included into a prospective longitudinal study with follow-up telephone interviews 6 and 12 months later. Participants reported on their use of antidepressant medication and psychotherapy as well as physical, occupational, speech, and neuropsychological therapy. The use of antidepressants at discharge ( n = 65, 23.8%) was predicted by the severity of depressive symptoms, severity of stroke, history of depression, and use of antidepressants at admission (all p < .05, R 2= .55). The number of outpatient rehabilitation services used at follow-ups was predicted by higher functional and cognitive impairment, higher education, younger age, severity of depressive symptoms, and lower self-efficacy (all p < .05; R 2 6M = .24, R 2 12M = .49). The relevance of identified determinants for the improvement of treatment rates after stroke is discussed.

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