Cocaine Dependence Produce Psychiatric Symptoms - a Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Stankovic ◽  
S. Vucetic-Arsic ◽  
S. Alcaz ◽  
J. Cvejic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cocaine Dependence ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

Aim:We want to present a polymorphic clinical features like: hallutinations, paranoid ideas, agitation and violence as a result of prolonged cocaine intranasal consumption.Methods:We exposed a 30-year old male patient with ICD-X diagnostic criteria for cocaine dependence (intranasal consumption) that treated in the outpatient unit of Special Hospital of Addicitons, Belgrade, Serbia from April to July 2008. We used the medical records, psychical examination, psychiatric interwievs, standard blood sampling and cocaine urine detections sample (positive).Results:Observations a specific and polymorphic clinical features with presence of psychotic symptoms after cocaine consumptions in our male patient, for the first time after 5 years of cocaine dependence: auditory hallucinations (two- voice speakers), paranoid persecution ideas and suspiciousness, agitation with appearance of vegetative symptomatology (palpitations, sweating, pupil dilatation), extremely violence behavior to other people, complete social reductions (“armed to the outside world”, refused any personal contact and isolated from friends and family, permanent outdoor checking). There was an intensive fear too and impaired judgment.Conclusions:Permanent cocaine consumption can result with produce a numerous of psychiatric symptoms and syndromes as our experience does. It is similar to the findings of other studies and papers reviewed. It is suppose that cocaine has numerous effects on important neurotransmitters in the brain, such as increase as well as the release of dopamine and it related with aggressiveness, hallucinations and other psychiatric symptoms.

Psychosis and Schizencephaly – A Case Report and Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S-S
Author(s):  
S. Gunturu ◽  
L. Schmalz ◽  
J. Zebelian ◽  
L. Gonzalez ◽  
C. Drazinic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain

Psychotic symptoms have been reported in association with a wide array of brain abnormalities. Few published reports have examined the association between schizencephaly and psychiatric illness. Originally defined by Wilmarth and later by Yakolev and Wadsworth – Schizencephaly is an uncommon congenital disorder of cerebral cortical development, defined as a grey matter-lined cleft extending from the pial surface to the ventricle. The nosology is based on neuroradiologic findings and confirmed by neuropathology when available. The Clinical presentation and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the disorder vary and are usually related to the extent/areas of the brain involved. In this article we review the medical literature around Schizencephaly paying particular attention to the pathophysiology, etiology and diagnosis of such patients. We then present a case of Schizencephaly and first episode psychosis in a 16-year-old adolescent who was admitted to our inpatient psychiatric service. Lastly, we present the findings of a systematic review from PubMed whereby we summarize 10 cases of Schizencephaly with associated psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Acute Psychosis Associated with Subcortical Stroke: Comparison between Basal Ganglia and Mid-Brain Lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron McMurtray ◽  
Ben Tseng ◽  
Natalie Diaz ◽  
Julia Chung ◽  
Bijal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Ischemic Stroke ◽  
New Onset

Acute onset of psychosis in an older or elderly individual without history of previous psychiatric disorders should prompt a thorough workup for neurologic causes of psychiatric symptoms. This report compares and contrasts clinical features of new onset of psychotic symptoms between two patients, one with an acute basal ganglia hemorrhagic stroke and another with an acute mid-brain ischemic stroke. Delusions and hallucinations due to basal ganglia lesions are theorized to develop as a result of frontal lobe dysfunction causing impairment of reality checking pathways in the brain, while visual hallucinations due to mid-brain lesions are theorized to develop due to dysregulation of inhibitory control of the ponto-geniculate-occipital system. Psychotic symptoms occurring due to stroke demonstrate varied clinical characteristics that depend on the location of the stroke within the brain. Treatment with antipsychotic medications may provide symptomatic relief.

scholarly journals M99. INVESTIGATING THE BEST PREDICTIVE CLINICAL FEATURES OF ANTI-N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR (NMDAR) ENCEPHALITIS IN THE 2010 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL SURVEY OF HIGH IMPACT PSYCHOSIS (SHIP) COHORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S172-S173
Author(s):  
Susan Rossell ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Cyndi Shannon Weickert ◽  
Andrea Phillipou ◽  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis

Abstract Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a recently reported autoimmune disorder, can be mistakenly diagnosed as a psychotic disorder, especially schizophrenia, as patients can present with prominent psychotic symptoms, in particular persecutory ideation, hallucinations and disturbed speech. In this study we used machine learning of the clinical data in a large cohort of persons with a positive psychosis history to ascertain whether we could predict NMDAR-positive cases, and which variables most accurately distinguished between NMDAR-positive and -negative cases. Methods SHIP collected nationally representative data from 1825 individuals with a psychotic illness. Plasma samples were available for n=472. To investigate the prevalence of NMDAR autoantibodies a recombinant indirect immunofluorescence test was performed (EuroImmun AG, Lübeck, Germany), with NMDAR transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells quantified using NIS Elements software. NMDAR-positive cases were estimated. Gradient boosting machine learning (the data were randomly split: 60% for initial ascertainment and 40% for validation) was subsequently performed using the clinical data available: 120 variables in total across various domains of sociodemographic, medical history, psychiatric diagnosis and current psychiatric symptoms. Only the variables found to have significant (or near significant) association with being NMDAR-positive were used to develop rules for identifying cases. Results There were 38 NMDAR-positive cases. They were more likely to be associated with a schizophrenia /schizoaffective and a depressive psychosis diagnosis, and less likely to be associated with a bipolar diagnosis, than antibody-negative cases. They were also more likely to be associated with a single episode with good recovery, and with anxiety symptoms and dizziness in the prior 12 months (which included light headedness, feeling faint and unsteady). For the present state symptoms, restricted affect was more likely to be present whereas poverty of speech was rare. Initial insomnia and a medical history that included epilepsy were not present for any of the NMDAR-positive cases. The machine learning algorithm was able to successfully classify 94% of cases to the correct antibody group. Discussion In this significant Australian epidemiological cohort, we have identified key clinical features associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, including diagnosis, and symptoms and clinical course. The novel and insightful analyses afforded by using machine learning should be replicated in other samples to confirm the important clinical findings reported in the current work.

scholarly journals A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kohei Segawa ◽  
Yukari Blumenthal ◽  
Yuki Yamawaki ◽  
Gen Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Postmortem Brains ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Brain

The lymphatic system is important for antigen presentation and immune surveillance. The lymphatic system in the brain was originally introduced by Giovanni Mascagni in 1787, while the rediscovery of it by Jonathan Kipnis and Kari Kustaa Alitalo now opens the door for a new interpretation of neurological diseases and therapeutic applications. The glymphatic system for the exchanges of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) is associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is involved in the maintenance of immune privilege and homeostasis in the brain. Recent notions from studies of postmortem brains and clinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases, infection, and cerebral hemorrhage, implied that the breakdown of those barrier systems and infiltration of activated immune cells disrupt the function of both neurons and glia in the parenchyma (e.g., modulation of neurophysiological properties and maturation of myelination), which causes the abnormality in the functional connectivity of the entire brain network. Due to the vulnerability, such dysfunction may occur in developing brains as well as in senile or neurodegenerative diseases and may raise the risk of emergence of psychosis symptoms. Here, we introduce this hypothesis with a series of studies and cellular mechanisms.

Information-based decoding of the coupling among human brain activity and movement paths

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shahul Mujib Kamal ◽  
Norazryana Mat Dawi ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Rehabilitation Science ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reaction

BACKGROUND: Walking like many other actions of a human is controlled by the brain through the nervous system. In fact, if a problem occurs in our brain, we cannot walk correctly. Therefore, the analysis of the coupling of brain activity and walking is very important especially in rehabilitation science. The complexity of movement paths is one of the factors that affect human walking. For instance, if we walk on a path that is more complex, our brain activity increases to adjust our movements. OBJECTIVE: This study for the first time analyzed the coupling of walking paths and brain reaction from the information point of view. METHODS: We analyzed the Shannon entropy for electroencephalography (EEG) signals versus the walking paths in order to relate their information contents. RESULTS: According to the results, walking on a path that contains more information causes more information in EEG signals. A strong correlation (p= 0.9999) was observed between the information contents of EEG signals and walking paths. Our method of analysis can also be used to investigate the relation among other physiological signals of a human and walking paths, which has great benefits in rehabilitation science.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of anandamide and N-palmitoylethanolamine by sequential actions of phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase D

2004 ◽  
Vol 380 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xin SUN ◽  
Kazuhito TSUBOI ◽  
Yasuo OKAMOTO ◽  
Takeharu TONAI ◽  
Makoto MURAKAMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Lysophospholipase D ◽  
Pla2 Enzyme ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
The Brain

Anandamide (an endocannabinoid) and other bioactive long-chain NAEs (N-acylethanolamines) are formed by direct release from N-acyl-PE (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine) by a PLD (phospholipase D). However, the possible presence of a two-step pathway from N-acyl-PE has also been suggested previously, which comprises (1) the hydrolysis of N-acyl-PE to N-acyl-lysoPE by PLA1/PLA2 enzyme(s) and (2) the release of NAEs from N-acyllysoPE by lysoPLD (lysophospholipase D) enzyme(s). In the present study we report for the first time the characterization of enzymes responsible for this pathway. The PLA1/PLA2 activity for N-palmitoyl-PE was found in various rat tissues, with the highest activity in the stomach. This stomach enzyme was identified as group IB sPLA2 (secretory PLA2), and its product was determined as N-acyl-1-acyl-lysoPE. Recombinant group IB, IIA and V of sPLA2s were also active with N-palmitoyl-PE, whereas group X sPLA2 and cytosolic PLA2α were inactive. In addition, we found wide distribution of lysoPLD activity generating N-palmitoylethanolamine from N-palmitoyl-lysoPE in rat tissues, with higher activities in the brain and testis. Based on several lines of enzymological evidence, the lysoPLD enzyme could be distinct from the known N-acyl-PE-hydrolysing PLD. sPLA2-IB dose dependently enhanced the production of N-palmitoylethanolamine from N-palmitoyl-PE in the brain homogenate showing the lysoPLD activity. N-Arachidonoyl-PE and N-arachidonoyl-lysoPE as anandamide precursors were also good substrates of sPLA2-IB and the lysoPLD respectively. These results suggest that the sequential actions of PLA2 and lysoPLD may constitute another biosynthetic pathway for NAEs, including anandamide.

NO nerves in a tapeworm. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in adult Hymenolepis diminuta

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. S. Gustafsson ◽  
A. M. Lindholm ◽  
N. B. Terenina ◽  
M. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Internal Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYThe free radical nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has recently been discovered to function as a neuronal messenger. The presence of NOS was detected in the nervous system of adult Hymenolepis diminuta with NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. The NADPH-d histochemical reaction is regarded as a selective marker for NOS in neuronal tissue. NADPH-d staining was observed in nerve fibres in the main and minor nerve cords and the transverse ring commissures, and in cell bodies in the brain commissure, along the main nerve cords, in the suckers and the rostellar sac. NADPH-d staining was also observed in the wall of the internal seminal vesicle and the genital atrium. The pattern of NADPH-d staining was compared with that of the 5-HT immunoreactive nervous elements. The NADPH-d staining reaction and the 5-HT immunoreactivity occur in separate sets of neurons. This is the first time the NADPH-d reaction has been demonstrated in the nervous system of a flatworm, indicating that NOS is present and that NO can be produced at this level of evolution.

scholarly journals Recommendation of Repeated Ammonia Tests for Intrahepatic Portal-Systemic Shunt Without Cirrhosis in Elderly Patients With Psychiatric Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 117906601769359
Author(s):  
Michiaki Abe ◽  
Temma Soga ◽  
Nobuya Obana ◽  
Kazumasa Seiji ◽  
Masao Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Portal Systemic Shunt

We report an elderly male patient with hyperammonemia induced by intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt without cirrhosis (IPSSwoC). The occasional emergence of his erratic behaviors was misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder. Regardless of his uneven symptoms, IPSSwoC was suspected due to his hyperammonemia. The contrast computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a congenital type of IPSSwoC. As blood ammonia levels are inconstant, repeated blood tests are recommended when this disease is suspected in elderly patients with psychiatric symptoms.

Information-based analysis of the coupling between brain and heart reactions to olfactory stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Najmeh Pakniyat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Babini ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulish ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: Analysis of the heart activity is one of the important areas of research in biomedical science and engineering. For this purpose, scientists analyze the activity of the heart in various conditions. Since the brain controls the heart’s activity, a relationship should exist among their activities. OBJECTIVE: In this research, for the first time the coupling between heart and brain activities was analyzed by information-based analysis. METHODS: Considering Shannon entropy as the indicator of the information of a system, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of 13 participants (7 M, 6 F, 18–22 years old) in different external stimulations (using pineapple, banana, vanilla, and lemon flavors as olfactory stimuli) and evaluated how the information of EEG signals and R-R time series (as heart rate variability (HRV)) are linked. RESULTS: The results indicate that the changes in the information of the R-R time series and EEG signals are strongly correlated (ρ=-0.9566). CONCLUSION: We conclude that heart and brain activities are related.

Frequency and temporal sequence of clinical features in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting with psychiatric symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2709-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Gurrera
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
Study Inclusion

AbstractBackgroundAnti-NMDA receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in adults. It mimics psychiatric disorders so often that most patients are initially referred to a psychiatrist, and many are misdiagnosed. Without prompt and effective treatment, patients are likely to suffer a protracted course with significant residual disability, or death. This study focuses on the frequency and chronology of salient clinical features in adults with anti-NMDAr encephalitis who are likely to be first evaluated by a psychiatrist because their presentation suggests a primary psychiatric disorder.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases identified published reports of anti-NMDAr encephalitis associated with prominent behavioral or psychiatric symptoms. After eliminating redundancies, the frequencies and relative timing of clinical features were tabulated. Signs and symptoms were assigned temporal ranks based on the timing of their first appearance relative to the first appearance of other signs and symptoms in each patient; median ranks were used to compare temporal sequencing of both individual features and major symptom domains.ResultsTwo hundred thirty unique cases (185 female) met study inclusion criteria. The most common features were seizures (60.4%), disorientation/confusion (42.6%), orofacial dyskinesias (39.1%), and mutism/staring (37.4%). Seizures, fever, and cognitive dysfunction were often the earliest features to emerge, but psychiatric features predominated and sequencing varied greatly between individuals.ConclusionsClinicians should consider anti-NMDAr encephalitis when new psychiatric symptoms are accompanied by a recent viral prodrome, seizures or unexplained fever, or when the quality of the psychiatric symptoms is unusual (e.g. non-verbal auditory hallucinations).

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