Comorbidity of substance use disorder and schizophrenia and mood disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
M. Delafariban
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Individuals with a severe mental illness and substance use disorders tend to have medical and social problems and those who have either disorder alone. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the discovery of effective methods of modifying substance use in the mentally ill.The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of substance use in schizophrenia and mood disorders.Methods & materialsIn a cross-sectional descriptive study, patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia(n = 30) and mood disorder (n = 30) randomly selected in two psychiatric hospital in Shiraz, Iran, and a control group (30) randomly selected in normal population without history of psychiatric disorders; completed questionnaire for substance use.ResultsResults showed %40 of patients with schizophrenia, %36.6 of subjects with mood disorders and % 36.6 of control group had substance use disorder.ConclusionThese data suggest that schizophrenia and mood disorders can lead to substance use disorders. Also, in our study high rate of substance use in control group is an alarm. Since substance is caused by and can cause psychiatric disorders and substance use can effect various aspects of social life.

scholarly journals Seasonal Allergies and Psychiatric Disorders in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Oh ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Jordan DeVylder ◽  
Andrew Stickley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seasonal Allergies

Seasonal allergies have been associated with mental health problems, though the evidence is still emergent, particularly in the United States. We analyzed data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication and the National Latino and Asian American Survey (years 2001–2003). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relations between lifetime allergies and lifetime psychiatric disorders (each disorder in a separate model), adjusting for socio-demographic variables (including region of residence) and tobacco use. Analyses were also stratified to test for effect modification by race and sex. A history of seasonal allergies was associated with greater odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders, but not alcohol or substance use disorders, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and tobacco use. The associations between seasonal allergies and mood disorders, substance use disorders, and alcohol use disorders were particularly strong for Latino Americans. The association between seasonal allergies and eating disorders was stronger for men than women. Seasonal allergies are a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Individuals complaining of seasonal allergies should be screened for early signs of mental health problems and referred to specialized services accordingly.

Perceived Sensitivity to Pain and Responsiveness to Non-noxious Sensation in Substance Use Disorder

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1902-1912
Author(s):  
Naama Assayag ◽  
Yoram Bonneh ◽  
Shula Parush ◽  
Haim Mell ◽  
Ricky Kaplan Neeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensory Responsiveness

Abstract Objective This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to characterize individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) in self-perception of pain sensitivity, experimental auditory aversiveness, and non-noxious sensory responsiveness, as well as examine the associations with SUD. Methods Therapeutic community (TC) individuals with SUD (N = 63, male 88.9%) and healthy controls (N = 60, male 86.7%) completed the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire–Intensity Scale (SRQ-IS), followed by a psychophysical auditory battery, the Battery of Averseness to Sounds (BAS)–Revised. Results The SUD group scored higher on the PSQ (P < 0.0001), BAS-R aversiveness (P < 0.0001), BAS-R-unpleasantness (P < 0.0001), and on the aftersensation of auditory aversiveness (P < 0.0001) and unpleasantness (P < 0.000). Fifty-four percent of the SUD group vs 11.7% of the control group were identified as having sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression modeling revealed that the SRQ-IS-Aversive score had a stronger relationship, indicating a 12.6-times odds ratio for SUD (P = 0.0002). Finally, a risk score calculated from a linear combination of the logistic regression model parameters is presented based on the PSQ and SRQ. Conclusions This is the first study to explore sensory and aversive domains using experimental and self-reporting in situ, revealing pain perception alteration that co-occurs with high prevalence of SMD, specifically of the over-responsive type. Findings may be significant in clinical practice for treating pain, and for expanding therapeutic modalities as part of broader rehabilitation in TC and beyond, to better meet personalized therapy.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Allen Herman ◽  
Hashim Moomal ◽  
Steven G. Heeringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence

BackgroundData on the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa are of interest, not only for the purposes of developing evidence-based mental health policy, but also in view of South Africa's particular historical and demographic circumstances.MethodA nationally representative household survey was conducted between 2002 and 2004 using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to generate diagnoses. The data-set analysed included 4351 adult South Africans of all ethnic groups.ResultsLifetime prevalence of DSM–IV/CIDI disorders was determined for anxiety disorders (15.8%), mood disorders (9.8%), substance use disorders (13.4%) and any disorder (30.3%). Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders differed significantly across ethnic groups. Median age at onset was earlier for substance use disorders (21 years) than for anxiety disorders (32 years) or mood disorders (37 years).ConclusionsIn comparison with data from other countries, South Africa has a particularly high lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders. These disorders have an early age at onset, providing an important target for the planning of local mental health services.

Pathway to care in co-occurring disorder and substance use disorder: an exploratory, cross-sectional study from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Richa Tripathi ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Siddharth Sarkar ◽  
Rakesh Lal ◽  
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Care ◽  
Pathway To Care

Purpose There is a paucity of comparative literature on pathway to care among patients with co-occurring disorders and those with only substance use disorders. This paper aims to compare the pathways to care among patients with co-occurring disorder and those with only substance use disorders. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on male treatment seekers at a tertiary care substance use disorder treatment center in India. Participants were recruited in two groups, those with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders and those with only substance use disorders. The two groups were matched for age and socio-economic status. Findings A total of 189 subjects with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders and 197 subjects with substance use disorders only were recruited. Psychiatric services were the most common first point of care. However, a larger proportion of the subjects in the co-occurring disorder group received the first care from faith healers, while a greater proportion received first care from the therapeutic communities in substance use disorder only group. Initial care was sought mostly following suggestion from the family members in both the groups. The time to treatment for substance use disorders did not differ between the two groups, though the treatment seeking for substance use disorder was more delayed than that of psychiatric disorder in the co-occurring disorder group. Research limitations/implications The findings shed light on the pathway of care followed in India and is a matter of further research. Practical implications Expansion of services and dissemination of information about psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders can provide timely care to patients with substance use disorders and co-occurring disorders. Social implications The findings have a social implication as well. More awareness is needed currently in India for timely treatment of dual disorders. Originality/value The paper is an original research by the authors. The data were collected from the participants who reported to the dual diagnosis clinic. The findings are important as they tell us about the current understanding of dual diagnosis by the general public.

scholarly journals Investigating the efficacy of meaning-centred therapy among a sample of individuals with substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
S.F. Agberotimi ◽  
C. Oduaran
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
And Control

Objective: This study investigated the efficacy of meaning-centred therapy (MCT) in the management of substance use disorders (SUD) in Nigeria. Methods: A pre-test post-test control group experimental study was conducted among young individuals with substance use disorders.  Participants were purposively selected and randomly assigned to treatment (MCT) and control groups. Participants' mean age was 22.05±2.14 years. Assessments of both groups were done at intake, immediately after completion of the therapy (which is 10-weeks), and at 1-month follow-up. Independent-sample t-test and one-way repeated measure of analysis of variance were used for analyses at 0.05 significant level. Result: Individuals in the MCT group reported significantly lower substance use disorder symptoms compared to those in the control group. There was an overall significant difference between the SUD means of participants that received MCT at pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up. Conclusion: It was concluded that MCT provided effective treatment of substance use disorder among the Nigerian population; its utilization is therefore recommended.  

scholarly journals How Did The First COVID-19 Lockdown Affect Persons With Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Norway? A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Leonhardt ◽  
Morten Brodahl ◽  
Nicola Cogan ◽  
Lars Lien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Everyday

Abstract Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 with its severe social restrictions touched the daily life of most people. While everyday social life becomes difficult for citizens with economic and cultural capital, it becomes even worse for vulnerable groups such as persons with mental health and substance use disorders, who are particularly vulnerable to social exclusion. The aim of this study is to investigate how the first COVID-19 lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.Methods: This qualitative study reports data from 17 individual interviews and one focus group of five participants, all with a self-reported mental health and substance use disorder. Interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured interview guide in September and October 2020 in a medium-sized local authority in Norway. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. A reference group of people with varied knowledge and experiences of the phenomenon were involved in study design, recruitment, data generation and analysis.Results: The analysis identified four interrelated main themes, describing how the first lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons suffering from a mental health and substance use disorder: 1) The COVID-19 outbreak as a perceived challenge, 2) A decline in mental health and well-being, 3) Increased substance use challenges, and 4) Diverse experiences with health and social services. The results show that people with a co-occurring disorder have challenges with digital tools and/or do not have the appropriate equipment. Further, participants were not concerned about becoming infected themselves, but infecting others.Conclusion:Persons with a mental health and substance use disorder face major challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to maintain continuous low-threshold services especially directed towards persons with co-occurring disorders during the pandemic. Furthermore, it is important to improve the digital skills of every service user or offer alternatives to digital consultations and meetings.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Criminal Recidivism Among Persons With Serious Psychiatric Diagnoses: Disentangling What Matters for Whom

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah A. Jacobs ◽  
Alex Fixler ◽  
Travis Labrum ◽  
Ashley Givens ◽  
Christina Newhill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Original Dataset

Reducing criminal legal system involvement requires an understanding of the factors that promote repeat offending (i. e., recidivism), and the dissemination of relevant interventions to those most likely to benefit. A growing body of research has established common recidivism risk factors for persons with serious psychiatric disorder diagnoses. However, research to date has not examined the degree to which these risks apply to those with serious psychiatric disorders with and without co-occurring substance use disorders. To clarify what risk and need factors are greatest and for whom, this cross-sectional study drew from an original dataset containing data on 14 social and economic, psychological, and criminal risk areas for a cohort of people on probation (n = 4,809). Linear regression models indicated that, compared to those without a serious psychiatric disorder, people on probation with a serious psychiatric disorder are at greater risk in a minority of areas and those areas are mostly social and economic in nature. Meanwhile, those withco-occurring disorders are at relatively high risk across almost all areas. The results from this study suggest that justice involved persons with serious psychiatric disorders will benefit from interventions that increase social support and economic well-being and that interventions that broadly reduce risk among people with co-occurring serious psychiatric and substance use disorders will likely yield meaningful reductions in system involvement. Ultimately, understanding and intervening upon risk for recidivism among persons with serious psychiatric disorders requires differentiating between those with and without co-occurring substance use disorders.

scholarly journals Long-Term Substance Use Can Cause Irreversible Photopic Vision Changes in Substance Use Disorder in Remission

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Bekir Egilmez ◽  
Mehmet Hamdi Orum ◽  
Ali Kustepe ◽  
Ayse Sevgi Karadag ◽  
Aysun Kalenderoglu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Photopic Vision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
The Mean

Objective Substance use has such effects on pupil diameter. Although there is knowledge about the acute effects of substances on pupils, studies showing their chronic effects are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term substance use on scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision.Methods The present study with cross-sectional desgn was conducted at the Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry in Adiyaman. This study involved 110 substance use disorder (SUD) patients and 46 healthy volunteers as the control. The parameters were measured and recorded automatically by a device.Results The mean age was 23.44±5.53 years in the SUD group and 24.26±5.38 years in healthy controls (p=0.420). The mean age of onset of the substance was 17.74±3.89 years and the mean duration of substance use was 3.54±2.9 years. It was determined that the patients had not used any substance for a mean of 121.73±117.49 days. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of scotopic and mesopic measurements of both eyes (p>0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the opioid, cannabis, ecstasy, and multiple substance use groups than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion The most important topic of this study is that photopic vision is permanently impaired in patients with a history of chronic substance use. This was attributed to disrupted sympathetic-parasympathetic hierarchy.

scholarly journals Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA BRESLAU ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
MAXWELL SU ◽  
SERGIO GAXIOLA-AGUILAR ◽  
RONALD C. KESSLER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups

Background. Recent research in the United States has demonstrated striking health disparities across ethnic groups. Despite a longstanding interest in ethnic disadvantage in psychiatric epidemiology, patterns of psychiatric morbidity across ethnic groups have never been examined in a nationally representative sample.Method. Ethnic differences in psychiatric morbidity are analyzed using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). The three largest ethnic groups in the United States – Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites – were compared with respect to lifetime risk and persistence of three categories of psychiatric disorder: mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder.Results. Where differences across ethnic groups were found in lifetime risk, socially disadvantaged groups had lower risk. Relative to Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics had lower lifetime risk of substance use disorder and Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower lifetime risk of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Where differences were found in persistence of disorders, disadvantaged groups had higher risk. Hispanics with mood disorders were more likely to be persistently ill as were Non-Hispanic Blacks with respect to both mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Closer examination found these differences to be generally consistent across population subgroups.Conclusions. Members of disadvantaged ethnic groups in the United States do not have an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Members of these groups, however, do tend to have more persistent disorders. Future research should focus on explanations for these findings, including the possibility that these comparisons are biased, and on potential means of reducing the disparity in persistence of disorders across ethnic groups.

scholarly journals The prevalence and service utilisation associated with mental and substance use disorders in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: findings from a cross-sectional survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
F. Charlson ◽  
S. Diminic ◽  
C. Choulamany ◽  
D. Santomauro ◽  
S. Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Current

Aims.An epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of the mental and substance use disorders and ascertain patterns of mental health services utilisation in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) with the aim of evaluating existing gaps and opportunities in the provision of mental health services.Methods.This study was a cross-sectional, household survey of adults living within Vientiane Capital province, Lao PDR. We collected data on participant demographics, mental and physical health status, family history of mental illness and exposure to potential risk factors. It also collected data on mental health service utilisation patterns, types of health professionals and treatment being accessed, barriers to treatment and perceived need for care. The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI v.6.0) was also administered to assess mental disorder prevalence.Results.Age- and sex-standardised current prevalence of any disorder was estimated at 15.2% (95% CI 11.0–20.7). Alcohol dependence (5.5% (95% CI 3.2–9.6)), was the most prevalent followed by anxiety disorders (5.2% (95% CI 3.2–8.3)) and mood disorders (2.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.4)). 11.0% (95% CI 5.8–20.1) of participants with a mental and/or substance use disorder suffered from other comorbid disorders. A number of variables demonstrated significant effects in final logistic regression models, including family history, education and employment for mental disorders; and gender, numbers of hours worked per week and number of dependants for substance use disorders. Having a mental or substance use disorder was associated with an OR of 11.6 of suicidality over participants without a mental or substance use disorder (95% CI 2.8–58.5). Of the 101 participants who met criteria for a current mental or substance use disorder, only two (2.1% (95% CI 0.5–8.0)) had accessed services for their mental health in the past 12 months. No participants who had seen a health professional in the past 12 months reported getting as much help as they needed. The vast majority (89.2% (95% CI 76.5–95.4)) of participants meeting criteria for a current mental or substance use disorder reported that they had not experienced mental health problems in the past 12 months.Conclusions.This study presents the first epidemiological estimates for a range of mental and substance use disorders in the general population of the most populous province in Lao PDR. A large treatment gap exists for mental and substance use disorders in Lao PDR. This research adds value for health care and has been an important precursor to developing informed and targeted mental health policy, services and health system reform in Lao PDR.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document