Stressful life events in early life and suicidal behaviour

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2162-2162
Author(s):  
P.A. Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
S Allele

There is robust evidence that stressful life events (SLE) are associated with an increase in risk of developing depression. However, humans display wide variation in response to adversity. Caspi et al (2003) reported that a functional length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene moderated the influence of SLE on depressive symptoms, major depression, and suicidality, suggesting evidences of a gene-by-environment interaction.Neuroimage data from healthy, non-depressed, s allele carriers of the 5-HTTLPR show an exaggerated amygdale response to threatening visual stimuli as well as reduced gray matter volume in limbic regions critical for processing of negative emotion compared with individuals with the LL genotype. These data suggest a potent modulatory effect of the 5-HTTLPR on amygdala reactivity to environmental threat.In recent years, a growing number of molecular genetic studies have focused on the serotonin system, suggesting that this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. Meta-analytic evidences support a link between the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR and the risk of suicidal behaviour. However, several case-control association studies show an association between the short allele and the violence, the number, and the medical lethality of the attempts.On the other hand, recent data suggest that biological stress reactivity, mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, might be a plausible mechanism underlying the association between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and exposure to life stress in predicting psychopathology.In this presentation we discuss data regarding the complex relationship between the above mentioned systems, stress, and suicidal behaviour.

The Serotonin System, Stressful Life Events, and Risk of Suicidal Behaviour

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
P. Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
S Allele

There is robust evidence that stressful life events (SLE) are associated with an increase in risk of developing depression. However, humans display wide variation in response to adversity. Recently, Caspi et al (2003) reported that a functional length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene moderated the influence of SLE on depressive symptoms, major depression, and suicidality, suggesting evidences of a gene-by-environment interaction.Neuroimage data from healthy, non-depressed, s allele carriers of the 5-HTTLPR show an exaggerated amygdale response to threatening visual stimuli as well as reduced gray matter volume in limbic regions critical for processing of negative emotion compared with individuals with the LL genotype. These data suggest a potent modulatory effect of the 5-HTTLPR on amygdala reactivity to environmental threat.In recent years, a growing number of molecular genetic studies have focused on the serotonin system, suggesting that this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. Meta-analytic evidences support a link between the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR and the risk of suicidal behaviour. However, several case-control association studies show an association between the short allele and the violence, the number, and the medical lethality of the attempts.In this presentation we discuss data regarding the complex relationship between the serotonin functionality, stress, and suicidal behaviour.

scholarly journals High emotion differentiation buffers against internalizing symptoms following exposure to stressful life events in adolescence: An intensive longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik C Nook ◽  
John Coleman Flournoy ◽  
Alexandra M Rodman ◽  
Patrick Mair ◽  
Katie A McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Emotion Differentiation ◽  
Affective Science ◽  
The Face

Exposure to stressful life events is strongly associated with internalizing psychopathology, and identifying factors that reduce vulnerability to stress-related internalizing problems is critical for development of early interventions. Drawing on research from affective science, we tested whether high emotion differentiation—the ability to specifically identify one’s feelings—buffers adolescents from developing internalizing symptoms when exposed to stress. Thirty adolescents completed a laboratory measure of emotion differentiation before an intensive year-long longitudinal study in which exposure to stress and internalizing problems were assessed at both the moment-level (n=4,921 experience sampling assessments) and monthly-level (n=355 monthly assessments). High negative and positive emotion differentiation attenuated moment-level coupling between perceived stress and feelings of depression, and high negative emotion differentiation eliminated monthly-level associations between stressful life events and anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that high emotion differentiation buffers adolescents against anxiety and depression in the face of stress, perhaps by facilitating adaptive emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Do “Dark” Personality Features Buffer Against Adversity? The Associations Between Cumulative Life Stress, the Dark Triad, and Mental Distress

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401882238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Lyons ◽  
Kate Evans ◽  
Samuli Helle
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Stressful life events have a major impact on adverse mental health outcomes, although not all individuals are equally affected. According to the buffering hypothesis, there may be personality traits that protect individuals against mental distress in the face of adversity, playing thus a moderating role between life stressors and mental distress. In the present online study ( N = 574), Dark Triad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were investigated as moderators between cumulative stressful life events and mental distress (i.e., psychosis, anxiety, and depression). Those who experienced more stressful events during lifetime, and scored higher in Machiavellianism, had higher scores on a psychosis instrument. Narcissism buffered the impact of stressful events on psychosis and depression. The results are discussed in terms of unique profiles associated with each of the traits.

Aggression, depression, and stressful life events predicting peer rejection in children

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Little ◽  
Judy Garber
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Nominations

AbstractThis short-term prospective study examined the contribution of aggression and depression, stressful life events, and their interactions to the prediction of peer rejection. Subjects were 497 fifth- and sixth-grade children who completed questionnaires at two time points separated by approximately 3 months. Levels of peer rejection and aggression were assessed by peer nominations; level of depressive symptoms and number of stressful life events were measured by self-report questionnaires. Controlling for sex and baseline level of peer rejection, aggression directly predicted peer rejection. In contrast, depressive symptoms interacted with life stress to predict peer rejection. Examination of the Depression × Stress interaction revealed that depressive symptoms in children who had experienced high levels of life stress were not associated with increased levels of peer rejection, whereas depressive symptoms in children with low levels of stress were predictive of subsequent peer rejection. Several interpretations of these findings and directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Stressful Life Events, Differential Vulnerability, and Depressive Symptoms: Critique and New Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110559
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Anderson ◽  
Christiaan W.S. Monden ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Vulnerability Hypothesis ◽  
The Uk

Depressive symptoms are disproportionately high among women and less educated individuals. One mechanism proposed to explain this is the differential vulnerability hypothesis—that these groups experience particularly strong increases in symptoms in response to stressful life events. We identify limitations to prior work and present evidence from a new approach to life stress research using the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Preliminarily, we replicate prior findings of differential vulnerability in between-individual models. Harnessing repeated measures, however, we show that apparent findings of differential vulnerability by both sex and education are artifacts of confounding. Men and women experience similar average increases in depressive symptoms after stressful life events. One exception is tentative evidence for a stronger association among women for events occurring to others in the household. We term this the “female vulnerability to network events” hypothesis and discuss with reference to Kessler and McLeod’s related “cost of caring” hypothesis.

scholarly journals Threats to Belonging—Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Symptoms in Aging Men—A Longitudinal Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Lindert ◽  
Lewina O. Lee ◽  
Marc G. Weisskopf ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Susanne Sehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Stressful life events, especially relationship events, are frequent in adult life. We investigated the impact of a variety of stressful life events on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility.Methods: We analyzed data from a large prospective cohort study of men (n = 1,437) in the Boston area (assessed in 1985, 1988, and 1991). Main outcomes were measures of depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms. We used the Elders Life Stress Inventory (ELSI) to measure stressful life events in the past 12 months and examine their association with symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility. First, we analyzed the association of stressful life events with symptom changes; second, we categorized stressful life events into finance/work, health, relationships, loss, living situations events; and third, we estimated the specific association between relationship events and depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms using multilevel models.Results: The most frequent stressful life events were health, relationship, and financial events. Depression, anxiety, and hostility symptoms were relatively stable among men who did not experience these life events. However, those who reported life events in the past 12 months had a greater increase in symptoms of depression (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) and of hostility (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.09) than those who did not. Additionally, we found a significant decrease in hostility (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.01) in those experiencing no life events.Conclusion: Relationship events were more important than any other type of events, and were significantly associated with increased depression and hostility in aging men. Although the effects were small, the results point to a need to understand better the impact of relationships on psychopathology in the aging population.

Psychopathology and early life stress in migrant youths: an analysis of the ‘Growing up in Ireland’ study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
S. Cotter ◽  
C. Healy ◽  
D. Ni Cathain ◽  
P. Williams ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesMigrant youths endure many challenges. Such challenges can be stressful and lead to psychological difficulties. We investigated the relationship between migration, psychopathology and stressful events in children and adolescents. We hypothesised that migrant youths would show higher levels of psychopathology and more stressful life events than non-migrant youths.MethodUsing the Child cohort (Cohort ‘98) of the ‘Growing up in Ireland’ study we investigated psychopathology, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) at age 9 and 13 and stressful life events in migrant and non-migrant youths.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the proportion of migrant and non-migrant youths reporting psychopathology in childhood (p>0.05) or adolescence (p>0.05). Analysis of the SDQ subscales revealed that a significantly greater proportion of migrant youths had hyperactivity problems in childhood (p = 0.04) but a greater proportion of non-migrant youths had emotional problems in early adolescence (p = 0.04). We found that migrant youths experienced significantly more stressful life events than their non-migrant counterparts (p<0.01), however, once ‘Moving house/country‘ was removed as a stressor, there was no difference between the groups (p>0.27).ConclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, we observed that there were few differences between migrant and non-migrant youths in the levels of psychopathology. Migrant youths experienced a greater number of stressful life events, however, this was attributable to stressors relating to moving. An increased understanding of the factors promoting resilience, as demonstrated by the migrant youths, could aid health professionals and policy makers to effectively tailor interventions for mental health promotion.

Genome-Wide Environment Interaction Between Depressive State and Stressful Life Events

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (01) ◽  
pp. e29-e30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Ikeda ◽  
Ayu Shimasaki ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Kenji Kondo ◽  
Takeo Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Depressive State ◽  
Genome Wide
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document