Evidences of a “protection” of Social-cognition Abilities Against the Effect of Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms in General Population: Thymic Symptoms and Theory of Mind

Abstract Background Deficits in jumping to conclusions and social cognition have been described in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the study are to relate jumping to conclusions with social cognition and other cognitive biases in people with schizophrenia attended in rehabilitation services. Methods A descriptive study was performed. The subjects of our study were persons from 18 to 65 years old, attended in rehabilitation services, with schizophrenia diagnoses and other diagnoses with presence of psychotic symptoms (depression, bipolar disorder, borderline disorder, delusional disease, schizoaffective, and schizotypal personality). The variables included were JTC considered three beads tasks with different proportions: 85:15%, 60:40% and 60:40% salient task. Moreover, cognitive insight (BCIS), attributional style (IPSAQ), and Hinting Task -Theory of Mind (ToM) were assessed. A T student analysis was done in order to compare JTC with the rest of the quantitative variables. Results People who jump to conclusions in the salient task scored higher in self-certainty BCIS (p=0.028), in self attribution for negative events (p=0.036) and lower in attribution to other people of negative events (p=0.028). A tendency was found between the presence of JTC and ToM (p=0.051). In the task of 85-15 only a tendency was found between presence of JTC and higher scores in the personalizing bias (p=0.079). Moreover, in the task of 60:40 a tendency was found between presence of JTC and worse performance in the ToM test (p=0.051). Discussion We found a relationship between jumping to conclusions and self-certainty and self-attributions for negative events; as well as, it is a tendency that higher jumping to conclusions is related with worst ToM. There are important clinic implications of this, because we know that jumping to conclusions and theory of mind is related with the formation and maintenance of delusions.

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Association between processing speed and subclinical psychotic symptoms in the general population: Focusing on sex differences

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 166 (1-3) ◽

pp. 316-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wulf Rössler ◽

Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross ◽

Mario Müller ◽

Stephanie Rodgers ◽

Wolfram Kawohl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

General Population ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

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Social Cognition and General Functioning in Bipolar Disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70816-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Lahera ◽

E. Herrería ◽

S. Ruiz-Murugarren ◽

C. Ruiz-Bennásar ◽

P. Iglesias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Sustained Attention ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

General Functioning ◽

Low Functioning ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Face Emotion Recognition

Introduction:Bipolar patients show a significant degree of psychosocial disfunction even in euthymia. Recent studies have reported deficits in Theory of Mind and emotion recognition in BD. Our hypothesis is that social cognition deficit could be associated with a poor general functioning and psychosocial disadvantage in BD.Methods:A sample of 27 euthymic bipolar patients were recluted. Based on Global Assessment of Functioning, they were divided into two groups: good or low general functioning. Euthymia was defined as YMRS < 6 and HDRS < 8, during a 3-month period. Patients with high (n 18) and low (n 9) functioning were compared on several clinical variables and on social / general cognitive measures. Both verbal and non verbal Theory of Mind capacities were assesed (faux pas test and face emotion recognition test). Finally, sustained attention and executive functions were evaluated (Asarnow Test and WSCT).Results:High- and low-functioning groups did not differ with respect to demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, age at onset, years of evolution of illness, history of prior psychotic symptoms; p = n.s.). However, low-functioning group showed poorer performance than high-functioning group both in faux pas test (U Mann Whitney; p=0.035) and face emotion recognition (U; p = 0.021). In addition, low-functioning group also showed a significant impairment in general cognitive funtions such as sustained attention (U, p = 0.007) and executive funtions (U, p = 0.046).Conclusion:Social cognition deficit is associated with a poorer general functioning and psychosocial disadvantage.

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Mismatch negativity: Alterations in adults from the general population who report subclinical psychotic symptoms

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C Döring ◽

M Müller ◽

F Hagenmuller ◽

V Ajdacic-Gross ◽

H Haker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Source Model ◽

Source Analysis ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Surface Electrodes ◽

Increased Activity ◽

Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundDeficits of mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia and individuals at risk for psychosis have been replicated many times. Several studies have also demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical psychotic symptoms within the general population. However, none has yet investigated MMN in individuals from the general population who report subclinical psychotic symptoms.MethodsThe MMN to duration-, frequency-, and intensity deviants was recorded in 217 nonclinical individuals classified into a control group (n = 72) and three subclinical groups: paranoid (n = 44), psychotic (n = 51), and mixed paranoid-psychotic (n = 50). Amplitudes of MMN at frontocentral electrodes were referenced to average. Based on a three-source model of MMN generation, we conducted an MMN source analysis and compared the amplitudes of surface electrodes and sources among groups.ResultsWe found no significant differences in MMN amplitudes of surface electrodes. However, significant differences in MMN generation among the four groups were revealed at the frontal source for duration-deviant stimuli (P = 0.01). We also detected a trend-level difference (P = 0.05) in MMN activity among those groups for frequency deviants at the frontal source.ConclusionsIndividuals from the general population who report psychotic symptoms are a heterogeneous group. However, alterations exist in their frontal MMN activity. This increased activity might be an indicator of more sensitive perception regarding changes in the environment for individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms.

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Relationship between subclinical psychotic symptoms and cognitive performance in the general population

Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.04.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 78-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oscar Martín-Santiago ◽

Vanessa Suazo ◽

Alberto Rodríguez-Lorenzana ◽

Sonia Ruiz de Azúa ◽

César Valcárcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

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Effects of Psychotic Symptoms and Social Cognition on Job Retention in Patients with Schizophrenia in Korea

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2628

Author(s):

Mihwa Han ◽

Seong Sook Jun

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Relationship Functioning ◽

Job Retention ◽

Attribution Style ◽

Retention Period ◽

Basic Empathy Scale

This research examined the relationship between psychotic symptoms, social cognition, and job retention among people with schizophrenia in Korea. Participants (158 people with schizophrenia from 15 mental health institutions) were divided into two groups: those with a job retention period of less than six months (n = 75), and those with a job retention period of six months or more (n = 83). Participants completed a survey packet containing the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Function (GAF) Scale, Interpersonal Relationship Functioning Assessment Scale, Basic Empathy Scale, Hinting Task, and Ambiguous Intention Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ), and provided their job retention status. We used binomial logistic regression analysis to examine whether job retention was affected by participants’ demographic, clinical, and vocational characteristics, as well as the three components of social cognition, i.e., theory of mind, empathy, and attribution style. Results showed that theory of mind (ToM), attribution style, and psychotic symptoms explained 52.7% of the variance in job retention. A higher theory of mind means a higher ability to grasp the intentions of others. The higher theory of mind, the lesser attribution style, and the lesser psychotic symptoms were related to a longer period of job retention.

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Are Deficits in Social Cognition Linked to Autobiographical Memory in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease?

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000187 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Johannes H. Scheidemann ◽

Franz Petermann ◽

Marc Schipper

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽

Fluency Task

Abstract. We investigated theory of mind (ToM) deficits in Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) and its possible connection to autobiographical memory (ABM). Patients and matched controls were evaluated and compared using a video-based ToM test, an autobiographical fluency task, and a neuropsychological test battery. We found that ToM deficits were positively associated with semantic ABM in the clinical group, whereas a positive relationship appeared between ToM and episodic ABM in controls. We hypothesize that this reflects the course of the disease as well as that semantic ABM is used for ToM processing, being still accessible in AD. Furthermore, we assume that it is also less efficient, which in turn leads to a specific deficit profile of social cognition.

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Cognición social en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: una revisión narrativa de la literatura

Archivos de Neurociencias ◽

10.31157/archneurosciencesmex.v24i2.177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 43-58

Author(s):

Ma. Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez ◽

Daniel Hernández-Torres

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Pragmatic Language ◽

Affective Prosody ◽

Palabras Clave

Los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) presentan problemas en la interacción social, los cuales pueden ser atribuidos a deficiencias en la cognición social (CS), no obstante, esta función ha sido poco estudiada en esta población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 18 años acerca de la CS en niños con TDAH, en los subdominios de teoría de la mente, reconocimiento de emociones en rostros, lenguaje pragmático y prosodia afectiva. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus, combinando las siguientes palabras clave: “ADHD”, “social cognition”, “theory of mind”, “emotion recognition”, “pragmatic language” y “affective prosody”. Se seleccionaron artículos desde el 2000 hasta el 2018. El reconocimiento de emociones en rostros es el déficit en CS más reportado, encontrándose fallas en la comprensión de gestos de miedo, tristeza, felicidad y enojo, aunque no de manera consistente. Asimismo, se reportan deficiencias en la teoría de la mente, principalmente en la referencia social, entendimiento de emociones básicas, metarrepresentaciones, inferencias de segundo orden y comprensión de juicios sociales complejos.

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Methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms: findings from a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721002415 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Joseph M. Boden ◽

James A. Foulds ◽

Giles Newton-Howes ◽

Rebecca McKetin

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Population ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Methamphetamine Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Psychosis Risk

Abstract Background This study examined the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in a New Zealand general population birth cohort (n = 1265 at birth). Methods At age 18, 21, 25, 30, and 35, participants reported on their methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in the period since the previous interview. Generalized estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms (percentage reporting any symptom, and number of symptoms per participant). Confounding factors included childhood individual characteristics, family socioeconomic circumstances and family functioning. Long term effects of methamphetamine use on psychotic symptoms were assessed by comparing the incidence of psychotic symptoms at age 30–35 for those with and without a history of methamphetamine use prior to age 30. Results After adjusting for confounding factors and time-varying covariate factors including concurrent cannabis use, methamphetamine use was associated with a modest increase in psychosis risk over five waves of data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.72 for the percentage measure; and IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.50 for the symptom count measure). The increased risk of psychotic symptoms was concentrated among participants who had used at least weekly at any point (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.21–6.69). Use of methamphetamine less than weekly was not associated with increased psychosis risk. We found no evidence for a persistent vulnerability to psychosis in the absence of continuing methamphetamine use. Conclusion Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Increased risk is chiefly confined to people who ever used regularly (at least weekly), and recently.

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Self-serving social strategies: A systematic review of social cognition in narcissism

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-01661-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clare M. Eddy

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Cognitive Empathy ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Social Strategies ◽

Concurrent Administration ◽

Narcissistic Personality

AbstractNarcissistic Personality Disorder is characterised by inflated self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. The interpersonal difficulties associated with narcissistic personality may be becoming more widespread given its increasing prevalence within the general population. This systematic review investigated the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and social cognition (i.e. theory of mind; emotion recognition; empathy; emotional intelligence) in clinical and non-clinical samples. Cognitive empathy (i.e. perspective taking) appears unlikely to be impaired, while affective empathy (relating to another’s emotion state) may be reduced in association with narcissism. Those with grandiose narcissism rate their empathic skills more highly than those with vulnerable narcissism, but concurrent administration of objective measures is rare, limiting insight into the validity of self-ratings. Rather than deficits in aspects of social cognition, the overall pattern could reflect motivation, or advantageous use of social cognitive skills to serve the self. Indeed, interpersonal strategies associated with narcissism (e.g. deception; manipulation) suggest the application of understanding another’s beliefs or desires in the context of low empathy. Further research should seek to explore performance on a wider range of emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks, and whether characteristics such as excessive jealousy and paranoia could reflect hyper-mentalizing.

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