Ethics, morality and the subject: the contribution of Zygmunt Bauman and Michel Foucault to `postmodern’ business ethics

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Kelemen ◽  
Tuomo Peltonen
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-56
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gane

El artículo toma como punto de partida la obra de Michel Foucault, particularmente los cursos sobre biopolítica dictados en el Collège de France (1978-1979), para examinar los distintos modelos de vigilancia con los que operan el liberalismo y el neoliberalismo en tanto formas de gobierno. En primer lugar, se hace una re-lectura de Vigilar y Castigar a la luz del análisis que realiza Foucault en sus cursos sobre el arte de gobierno liberal. Se argumenta que el Panóptico no es solo una arquitectura de poder centrada en la disciplina y la normalización, tal como se lo ha entendido comúnmente, sino un modelo normativo de la relación del Estado con el Mercado que, para Foucault, es ‘la fórmula misma de un gobierno liberal’ (2009: 89). En segundo lugar, los límites del panoptismo, y, por extensión, del gobierno liberal, son expuestos a partir del análisis de Gilles Deleuze sobre la mutación de sociedades disciplinarias a sociedades de ‘control’, y los escritos de Zygmunt Bauman acerca de la individualización y el ‘Sinóptico’. En respuesta a Deleuze y Bauman, la última sección de este artículo regresa a los cursos sobre biopolítica de Foucault para argumentar que la sociedad capitalista contemporánea está marcada no solo por la disminución de los poderes estatales o por la transmisión de responsabilidades del Estado al individuo, sino por la mercantilización neoliberal del Estado y sus instituciones en tanto proceso condicionado por una forma específica de gubernamentalidad. En conclusión, se proponen cuatro tipologías de vigilancia: como disciplina, como control, como interactividad y como mecanismo para promover la competencia. Se argumenta que, si bien estos tipos de vigilancia no son mutuamente excluyentes, están configurados por diferentes gubernamentalidades que pueden ser empleadas para examinar diferentes aspectos de la relación entre el Estado y el Mercado, así como lógicas culturales y sociales del capitalismo de mercado contemporáneo en un sentido más amplio.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Andrea Rossi

This article analyses the set of ethical questions underlying the emergence of the modern politics of security, as articulated, in particular, in the work of Thomas Hobbes. An ethic is here understood – in line with its ancient philosophical use and the interpretation advanced by authors such as Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot – as a domain of reflections and practices related to the cultivation and conversion of the self ( askēsis, metanoia). The article aims to demonstrate that, besides attending to the physical safety of the state and its citizens, modern apparatuses of security are also crucially implicated in the formation of their subjects as ethical and autonomous individuals. To substantiate this thesis, the article first illustrates how, since the first appearance of the term in the vocabulary of Western thought – and in Seneca’s work in particular – theories of security have been intimately tied to the cultivation of the self. It thus interprets Hobbes’s reflections on the subject as the upshot of a substantive, if implicit, re-articulation of Seneca’s ethic of security, by focusing on the two authors’ respective understandings of (a) autonomy, (b) the world, (c) ascesis, and (d) politics. Overall, it is suggested that the differences between the two authors testify to a wider political-historical shift: in modern regimes of governmentality, the ethical dimension of security no longer defines the rightful exercise of political power, but rather appears as an object of social and economic governance.


1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kruger

Business ethics in business training: Oratory or the actuality. This article is the culmination of an in-depth literature study. On the one hand an attempt is made to incorporate the views of different authors, while on the other hand an attempt is made to take part in the debate which is initiated by the current renewal of interest in the subject Business Ethics. Within this framework attention is paid to the question of whether business ethics can be taught and if so, to what extent it's influence will be felt. Secondly, an insight into the teaching of business ethics in the future is provided. Within this context the approach to the teaching, the content, the role of the student and the responsibility of the educator in particular are addressed. Opsomming Hierdie artikel is die resultaat van 'n indringende literatuurstudie. Daar word gepoog om enersyds verskillende skrywers se standpunte saam te vat, maar andersyds ook kritiese kommentaar te lower en deel te neem aan die debat wat deur die huidige opiewing in die belangstelling in Bestuursetiek bestaan. Binne die raamwerk sal aandag aan die volgende geskenk word: Die beantwoording van die vraag of Bestuursetiek onderrig kan word en indien wel die trefwydte daarvan. Tweedens 'n toekomsblik op die onderrig van Bestuursetiek. Binne die konteks word die benadering tot die onderrig/ die inhoud en die rol van die student en die verantwoordelikheid van die dosent bekvk.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Kanchana Mahadevan

Abstract Partha Chatterjee initiates a global dialogue on modernity through his engagement with Michel Foucault. He does so through a reading of Kant’s What is Enlightenment?, which is avowedly influenced by Foucault to reveal many similarities. Foucault and Chatterjee are both apprehensive about Kant’s equation of Enlightenment with maturity. They argue against interpreting Kant as an advocate of unfettered free thought. Both suggest that Kant situates thought in its local historical context. Yet, like any other dialogue, Chatterjee’s conversation with Foucault is marked by differences. Foucault’s critique of Kant operates within the European context to explore the formation of the subject of desire. In contrast, Chatterjee targets colonialism and its vestiges in nationalist responses, for example in India, to European Enlightenment’s imposition on non-Western cultures. Foucault’s focus is on the subject of desire, while Chatterjee emphasizes the socio-political context of colonization, thus leading their dialogue to an impasse. This essay suggests that this impasse can be addressed by turning to women, from both England and India, who endeavored to simultaneously reinvent themselves and their communities in contexts of colonization.


2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Devos ◽  
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Duska

ABSTRACT:If the ultimate purpose of ethical argument is to persuade people to act a certain way, the point of doing business ethics is to persuade others about what constitutes proper ethical behavior. Given that teleological perspective, the role of the business ethicist is to be an orator or rhetorician. Further, since one cannot expect more certitude than the subject warrants, from Aristotle’s perspective,while rhetoric is the most persuasive means of arguing, it is not scientific demonstration. Rhetoric uses examples and enthymemes. Such an approach answers the postmodern claim that ethical argument cannot lead to certitude and shows how the use of rhetoric helps avoid relativism and leads to more effective persuasion. According to Aristotle, rhetoric involves gaining truth with a “rough and general sketch.” This rhetorical approach allows the listener to “see as” the persuader sees, by attending to aspects of our shared experience and language. This mirrors insights of Kant’s reflexive judgment in his third critique as well as the later Wittgenstein, who compares ethics to aesthetics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Ian Leask ◽  

This article examines the possibility that phenomenology was “always already” a theological enterprise, by outlining some of the foundational criticisms levelled by Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser. For both thinkers, the phenomenological stress on “lived experience” grants an undue primacy to the realm of “interiority”; as a result, subjectivity is left, not just reified, but also deified. By contrast, both Foucault and Althusser will argue for understanding the subject as constituted rather than constitutive; philosophy’s task, accordingly, is to delineate the broader structures (economic, ideological, discursive, linguistic, etc.) that create “lived experience,” rather than to hypostatize the subject as the privileged bearer of logos. As well as outlining the contours of this critique, however, the article indicates some of the shortcomings entailed in a total disavowal of “lived experience.”


2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Lars Cornelissen

Abstract ‘Non-Fascist Living’: Identity, Subjectivity, ResistanceThis article explores a recent form of academic and artistic resistance to contemporary modalities of fascism. This form of resistance is premised upon the argument that fascism lodges itself in the deepest recesses of the self, manifesting as fascist desires and beliefs. As such, traces of fascism are present in everyone, including people who do not otherwise hold fascistic ideas. This position goes on to argue that any critic of fascism must accordingly identify and eradicate such traces inside her own subjectivity, by means of an ethics of ‘non-fascist living’. Critically examining the philosophical presuppositions of this position, the article asks what implicit conception of the subject and its relation to resistance is at work here. It brings this position into conversation with Michel Foucault, upon whose work it draws but whose understanding of resistance, it is argued, it reconceptualises. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of this form of resistance for critical philosophical practice.


Maska ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (157) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Bojan Anđelković

The text offers a philosophical reflection on the cycle of five performances that form the Elizabethan Trilogy project (2008-2013) by director Dragan Živadinov. By introducing four conceptual pairs - theatre and sovereignty, words and things, the subject and the mask, and difference and repetition - it also attempts to reflect on Živadinov's entire opus and on the meaning of his theatre. At the centre of attention in the theatre of repetition, which is opposed to the theatre of representation, there is the relation between theatre, sovereignty and the subject; the author of this text tries to shed light on this relation by drawing on Antonin Artaud's concept of the theatre of cruelty and possible connections between theatre and the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze.


2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Crane ◽  
David Knights ◽  
Ken Starkey

The paper examines the contribution of the French philosopher Michel Foucault to the subject of ethics in organizations. The paper combines an analysis of Foucault’s work on discipline and control, with an examination of his later work on the ethical subject and technologies of the self. Our paper argues that the work of the later Foucault provides an important contribution to business ethics theory, practice and pedagogy. We discuss how it offers an alternative avenue to traditional normative ethical theory that both converges and diverges with other extant alternatives. By situating ethics as practices of the self, and by demonstrating the conditions under which freedom in organizations can be exercised, Foucault’s ethics attempt to connect an understanding and critique of power with a personal project of self. He therefore provides a theory of subjectivity that potentially informs a reshaping of contemporary virtue ethics theory, value-based management, and business ethics teaching.


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